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Valves

The document discusses engine valves, covering their nomenclature, function, materials, manufacturing processes, normal operation, potential failures, and abnormal conditions. It describes how valves control gas flow, seal pressure and combustion, endure heat and cyclic loading. The key manufacturing methods mentioned are hardening, hard facing, and friction welding. Common failures include thermal fatigue cracks, distortion from high temperatures, wear from misalignment, and damage from piston contact.

Uploaded by

hassan hamdy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
50 views47 pages

Valves

The document discusses engine valves, covering their nomenclature, function, materials, manufacturing processes, normal operation, potential failures, and abnormal conditions. It describes how valves control gas flow, seal pressure and combustion, endure heat and cyclic loading. The key manufacturing methods mentioned are hardening, hard facing, and friction welding. Common failures include thermal fatigue cracks, distortion from high temperatures, wear from misalignment, and damage from piston contact.

Uploaded by

hassan hamdy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 47

www.dvd4arab.

com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Engine Valves

Service Training Malaga 1


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

In This Presentation
• Nomenclature
• Function
• Materials
• Manufacturing
• Operation
• Normal Appearance
• Failure Analysis

Service Training Malaga 2


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Nomenclature

Service Training Malaga 3


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Valve Functions
• Control Gas Flow
• Seal Pressure
• Withstand Heat
• Withstand Acid
• Endure Cyclic Loading
• Provide Replacement

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Material Two Piece Valves

Head austenitic stainless steel


Stem consists mild low carbon steel

Service Training Malaga 5


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Manufacturing Hardening

Stems hardened to Rc 40
Keeper groove induction
hardened to Rc 55

Service Training Malaga 6


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Manufacturing Hard Facing

Forged stainless
steel
Hard facing high
alloy material

Service Training Malaga 7


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Manufacturing Friction Welding

Service Training Malaga 8


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Manufacturing Friction Welding

Service Training Malaga 9


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Manufacturing Friction Welding

Find the weld with


the help of a Magnet

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Operation

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Operation Spring Force

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Operation Valve Closing

Tensile load in
valve stem

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Operation Combustion Pressure

Bending stresses
in under head fillet

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

High Temperature Road signs


• Thermal Cracks in Fillet Radius
• Dished Valve Head
• Oxidation, Scale Buildup
• Many Valves Damaged

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions High Temperature

Thermal Fatigue Crack

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions High Temperature

Dishing or “tuliping”

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions High Temperature

Oxidation and
Decomposition

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions High Temperature

Discoloring

Service Training Malaga 19


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions High Temperature

Chordal Fractures

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions High Temperature

Chordal Fractures

Service Training Malaga 21


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions High Temperature

Chordal Fractures

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Misalignment

Rotating bending stresses

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Misalignment

Ratchet Marks

Ratchet
marks

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Bending Fatigue

Ratchet Marks
Beach Marks

Service Training Malaga 25


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Camshaft Nomenclature

Service Training Malaga 26


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Lash Adjustment

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Improper Lubrication Root Causes


• Guide to Loose
• Guide to Tight
• Wrong Oil Type/Viscosity
• Valve to Hot/ Cold
• To Much/Little Oil

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Piston Contact

Bent valve may indicate valve


was sticking in guide

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Piston Contact

Ductile or Brittle fracture


due to impact load

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Piston Contact

Brittle fracture

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Piston Contact

The rest of the parts

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Piston Contact

Brittle fracture

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Piston Contact

Keeper may be damaged


made of low carbon steel

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Piston Contact

Cracks in retainers

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Piston Contact

Full coil contact

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Piston Contact

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Guttering

Caused by valve face deposits


Mostly common in Gas engines

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Guttering

Right OIL must be used to


prevent deposit formation

Service Training Malaga 39


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Guide Wear

Improper Lubrication
Poor lube oil quality
Corrosive environment

Service Training Malaga 40


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Corrosive Environment

Service Training Malaga 41


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Corrosive Environment

Service Training Malaga 42


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Abnormal Conditions Foreign Material

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www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Parts Problem
• Friction Weld Failure
• Handling Damage
• Material Strength

Service Training Malaga 44


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Parts Problem Friction Weld Failure

Service Training Malaga 45


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Parts Problem Valve head and stem not aligned

Service Training Malaga 46


www.dvd4arab.com AFA I CHAPTER: Engine Valves

Parts Problem Spring Problems

Fail along the inner diameter


Due to load is highest there

Service Training Malaga 47

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