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Chapter 2 - Functions

The document discusses various types of functions including quadratic, polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions. It provides examples and properties of these functions, including how to find the vertex of a parabola, solve logarithmic equations, and convert between logarithmic and exponential forms.

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Ahmed Dammak
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
36 views

Chapter 2 - Functions

The document discusses various types of functions including quadratic, polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions. It provides examples and properties of these functions, including how to find the vertex of a parabola, solve logarithmic equations, and convert between logarithmic and exponential forms.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Dammak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2

functions of a
real variable
Section I

Function of real variable


Function of real variable
Inverse of a function
Example
Properties of function :
monotonicity
Monotonicity
Bounded function
Examples
Symmetric and antisymmetric function
Examples
Examples
Convex function
Illustration of convex function
Elementary types of functions
Illustration case n=1
Quadratic Functions (case n=2)

If a, b, c are real numbers with a not equal


to zero, then the function
f ( x )  ax  bx  c
2

is a quadratic function and its graph is a


parabola.
For f ( x )  a ( x  h) 2  k
• If a  0, then the graph of f is a parabola.
– If a > 0, the graph opens upward.
– If a < 0, the graph opens downward. Vertex is (h , k)
• Axis of symmetry: x = h
• f (h) = k is the minimum if a > 0, otherwise the maximum
• Domain = set of all real numbers
• Range:  y y  k  if a < 0. If a > 0, the range is  y y  k
The general form The vertex form

f ( x )  ax  bx  c
2
f ( x )  a ( x  h)  k 2

The vertex The vertex


Axis of symmetry:
Axis of symmetry: x=h
Example

Consider
f ( x)  3x 2  6 x  1

Complete the square to find the vertex.


• Solution:
 Factor the coefficient of x2 out of the first two terms:
• f (x) = –3(x2 – 2x) –1
Add 1 to complete the square inside the parentheses. Because of
the –3 outside the parentheses, we have actually added –3, so we
must add +3 to the outside.
f (x) = –3(x2 – 2x +1) –1+3
f (x) = –3(x – 1)2 + 2

• The vertex is (1, 2)


The quadratic function opens down since the
coefficient of the x2 term is –3, which is negative.
Polynomials
Polynomial Function
A polynomial function of degree n in the variable x is a
function defined by
n 1
P( x)  an x  an1 x
n
   a1 x  a0
where each ai is real, an  0, and n is a whole number.

• an is called the leading coefficient


• n is the degree of the polynomial
• a0 is called the constant term
Properties of a polynomial
Root of a polynomial P
n

Exemple
Horner’s scheme
Example 1
Theorem
Example
Rational function
Example
Remark
Example
Power function and it’s inverse
Example
Exponential function
Basic Properties of the Graph of
f (x)  b , b  0, b  1
x

• All graphs will pass through (0,1) (y intercept)


• All graphs are continuous curves, with no holes of jumps.
• The x axis is a horizontal asymptote.
• If b > 1, then bx increases as x increases.
• If 0 < b < 1, then bx decreases as x increases.
Exponential Graph Logarithmic Graph

Graphs of
inverse
functions are
reflected about
the line y = x
Logarithmic-Exponential Conversions

Study the examples below. You should be able to convert a


logarithmic into an exponential expression and vice versa.
1.
log 4 (16)  x  4  16  x  2
x

2. 1 1 3
log 3 ( )  log 3 ( 3 )  log 3 (3 )  3
27 3
3.
125  5  log5  125  3
3

1
4. 1
81  9  81  9  log 81  9  
2
2
Solving Logarithmic Equations
Solve for x:
   
log 4 x  6  log 4 x  6  3
Solving Logarithmic Equations
Solve for x:
log 4 ( x  6)  log 4 ( x  6)  3 
Product rule
log 4 ( x  6)( x  6)  3 
Special product
log 4  x  36   3 
2
Definition of log
43  x 2  36 
64  x 2  36 
100  x 2 
10  x 
x  10
Domain and range for some elementry
function

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