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Intro To Functions - Domain and Range

This document discusses functions, including their objectives, definitions, domains, ranges, and how to determine if a relation is a function. It defines functions as relations where each input has exactly one output. The key points are: 1. A function has a domain (set of inputs) and range (set of outputs) where the cardinality of the domain must be equal to or greater than the range. 2. Functions can be represented using ordered pairs, graphs, equations or tables and it must be true that each input only has one output. 3. The domain and range of a function may be infinite and can be written using set-builder or interval notation.

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Ahmed Helmy
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
68 views

Intro To Functions - Domain and Range

This document discusses functions, including their objectives, definitions, domains, ranges, and how to determine if a relation is a function. It defines functions as relations where each input has exactly one output. The key points are: 1. A function has a domain (set of inputs) and range (set of outputs) where the cardinality of the domain must be equal to or greater than the range. 2. Functions can be represented using ordered pairs, graphs, equations or tables and it must be true that each input only has one output. 3. The domain and range of a function may be infinite and can be written using set-builder or interval notation.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Helmy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Objectives:

1. To determine if a
relation is a function
2. To find the domain
and range of a
function
3. To evaluate functions
• As a class, use your Relation Function
vast mathematical
Input Output
knowledge to define
each of these words Domain Range
without the aid of Set-Builder
Interval Notation
your textbook. Notation
Function
Notation
A mathematical relation is the pairing up
(mapping) of inputs and outputs.
A mathematical relation is the pairing up
(mapping) of inputs and outputs.

• Domain:
Domain the set of all input values
• Range:
Range the set of all output values
A function is a relation
in which each input Relations
has exactly one
output.
Functions
• A function is a
dependent relation
• Output depends on
the input
A function is a relation
in which each input Relations
has exactly one
output.
Functions
• Each output does not
necessarily have only
one input
Tell whether or not each table represents a
function. Give the domain and range of each
relationship.
The size of a set is called its cardinality.
cardinality What
must be true about the cardinalities of the
domain and range of any function?
Which sets of ordered pairs represent functions?
1. {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (5, 6)}
2. {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5)}
3. {(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1)}
4. {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5)}
Which of the
following
graphs
represent
functions?
What is an
easy way to
tell that
each input
has only one
output?
A relation is a function iff no vertical line
intersects the graph of the relation at more
than one point
If it does, then
an input
has more
than one
output.

Function Not a Function


To determine if an equation represents a
function, try solving the thing for y.
• Make sure that there is only one value of y for
every value of x.
Since the domain or range of a function is often
an infinite set of values, it is often convenient
to represent your answers in set-builder
notation.
notation
Examples:
• {x | x < -2} reads “the set of all x such that x is
less than negative 2”.
Since the domain or range of a function is often
an infinite set of values, it is often convenient
to represent your answers in set-builder
notation.
notation
Examples:
• {x : x < -2} reads “the set of all x such that x is
less than negative 2”.
Another way to describe an infinite set of
numbers is with interval notation.
notation
• Parenthesis indicate that first or last number
is not in the set:
– Example: (-, -2) means the same thing as x < -2
– Neither the negative infinity or the negative 2 are
included in the interval
– Always write the smaller number, bigger number
Another way to describe an infinite set of
numbers is with interval notation.
notation
• Brackets indicate that first or last number is in
the set:
– Example: (-, -2] means the same thing as x  -2
– Infinity (positive or negative) never gets a bracket
– Always write the smaller number, bigger number
• Domain:
Domain All x-
values (L → R) Range:
– {x: -∞ < x < ∞} Greater
than or
equal to -4

• Range:
Range All y-
values (D ↑ U)
– {y: y ≥ -4} Domain: All real numbers
Determine the domain and range of each
function.
• Domain:
Domain What you are allowed to plug in for
x.
– Easier to ask what you can’t plug in for x.
– Limited by division by zero or negative even roots
– Can be explicit or implied
• Range:
Range What you can get out for y using the
domain.
– Easier to ask what you can’t get for y.
1
y 2
x 9
y  x2
Functions can also be thought of as dependent
relationships. In a function, the value of the
output depends on the value of the input.
• Independent quantity:
quantity Input values, x-values,
domain
• Dependent quantity:
quantity Output value, which
depends on the input value, y-values, range

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