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Module 1 Lesson 2 Introduction of Basic Concepts

This document introduces some key elements of ethics, including character, moral character, moral courage, reason, feelings, good and evil acts. It also discusses approaches to normative ethics like consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. The document defines moral standards, non-moral standards, and ethical dilemmas. It identifies types of moral dilemmas and discusses the sources of morality.

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Hiraya Haeldrich
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40 views34 pages

Module 1 Lesson 2 Introduction of Basic Concepts

This document introduces some key elements of ethics, including character, moral character, moral courage, reason, feelings, good and evil acts. It also discusses approaches to normative ethics like consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. The document defines moral standards, non-moral standards, and ethical dilemmas. It identifies types of moral dilemmas and discusses the sources of morality.

Uploaded by

Hiraya Haeldrich
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 1: LESSON 2

INTRODUCTION OF BASIC
CONCEPTS
AND KEY ELEMENTS OF ETHICS
The Key Elements of Ethics

 Character
 Moral Character
 Moral Courage
 Reason
 Feelings
 Good Acts and Evil Acts
Character

It is an evaluation of an individual's


stable moral qualities. The concept
of character can imply a variety of attributes
including the existence or lack of virtues.
Moral Character

It primarily refers to the assemblage of


qualities that distinguish one individual from
another.
Although on a cultural level, the set of moral
behaviors to which a social group adheres can
be said to unite and define it culturally as
distinct from others.
Moral Courage

It is a result of morally developed will. It is


the capacity to initiate and sustain your
resolve whenever you are certain of doing
the good.
Reason

It sets the course for making ethical and


impartial decisions especially in moral
situations although it is not the sole
determining factor in coming up with such
decision.
Feelings

It provides the individual with an initial


reckoning of a situation, but they should not
be the sole basis for one’s motives and
actions.
Good Acts

A morally good act requires the goodness


of the object, of the intention of the agent,
and of the circumstances together.
Evil Acts

It is an act that corrupts the action even


if the object is good in itself.
Approaches to Normative Ethics

 Consequentialism
 Deontology
 Virtue Ethics
Consequentialism

At the heart of consequentialist


theories is the idea that the moral
action is the one that produces the
best consequences.
Deontology

According to deontological
theories, morality is primarily a
function of duties or obligations,
regardless of the consequences of
acting in accordance with those
duties.
Virtue Ethics

It gives primacy of importance not to rules,


but to particular habits of character such as the
virtue of courage and other types of virtue that
the person is personally inclined to perform.
Moral Standards

It refers to the norms which we have about


the types of actions which we believe to be
morally acceptable and morally
unacceptable.
Specifically, it involve sets of recognized and
permanently acceptable character or norms
commonly used as primary measure of
quality, value, and extent.
Non-moral Standards

It refer to rules that we have about the


types of actions that are unrelated
to moral or ethical considerations.
Dilemma

It is a situation where a
person is forced to choose
between two or more
conflicting options, neither of
which is acceptable. As we can
see, the key here is that the
person has choices to make that
will all have results she does not
want.
Ethical Dilemma

It is a decision-making problem between


two possible moral imperatives, neither of
which is unambiguously acceptable or
preferable.
In ethical dilemma, the complexity arises
out of the situational conflict in which obeying
would result in transgressing another.
There are three identified conditions that
must be present for situations to be
considered moral dilemmas:
First, the person or the agent of a moral
action is obliged to make a decision about
which course of action is best. Here, the
moral agent must choose the best option
and act accordingly.
Second, there must be different courses of
action to choose from. Hence, as already
pointed out above, there must be two or more
conflicting options to choose from for moral
dilemmas to occur.
Third, no matter what course of action is
taken, some moral principles are always
compromised.
Types of Moral Dilemma

 Epistemic Dilemmas
 Obligation Dilemmas and
Prohibition Dilemmas
 Single Agent and Multi-person
Dilemmas
Epistemic Dilemma

It involve situations wherein two or more


moral requirements conflicted with each other
and that the moral agent hardly knows which
of the conflicting moral requirements takes
precedence over the other.
In other words, under the epistemic
dilemma, the moral agent in this situation
does not know which option is morally right
or wrong.
Self-imposed Dilemma

This is caused by the moral agent’s wrong


doings.
Obligation Dilemma

This pertains to a particular situations in


which there are more than one feasible
actions is obligatory,
Single Agent Dilemma

The moral agent is compelled to act on two


or more equally the same moral options but
he/she cannot choose both.
The Sources of Morality

 The Object
 The Intention of the Agent
 The Circumstances
The Object

It is the aim or goal of a certain action


acquired. To make an act morally good, it’s
object or aim must conform to the law of God
or the conscience of the doer of the action
must attest it.
The Intention of the Agent

It refers to the means of attaining the


object.
The Circumstances

These pertains to the types of environment,


situation, or condition prevailing when the
action is done.

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