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Lecture5 - Arduino IOT

The document provides an overview of Arduino, an open-source hardware and software platform for building electronics projects and interactive objects. It describes Arduino as an open-source physical computing platform that allows users to inspect and modify its code. It also discusses the Arduino community, hardware options, programming capabilities, software IDE, common commands, and programming concepts like data types, flow control, and arrays.

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jaltiti
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127 views27 pages

Lecture5 - Arduino IOT

The document provides an overview of Arduino, an open-source hardware and software platform for building electronics projects and interactive objects. It describes Arduino as an open-source physical computing platform that allows users to inspect and modify its code. It also discusses the Arduino community, hardware options, programming capabilities, software IDE, common commands, and programming concepts like data types, flow control, and arrays.

Uploaded by

jaltiti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTERNET OF

EVERYTHING
What is Arduino?

Physical Device IDE Community

http://www.arduino.cc
Arduino Philosophy and
Community
 Open Source Physical Computing Platform
 “open source hardware”

 open source: free to inspect & modify

 physical computing
 ubiquitous computing
 pervasive computing
 ambient intelligence
 calm computing
 Spimes
 Blogjects
 smart objects

 Community-built
 Examples wiki (the “playground”) editable by anyone

 Forums with lots of helpful people


Arduino Hardware
 Similar to Basic Stamp (if you know of it)
 but cheaper, faster, & open

 Uses AVR ATmega168 microcontroller chip


 chip was designed to be used with C language
 The designer of the AVR purposefully arranged its registers and instruction set so that C
programs would compile efficiently on it. This is a big deal, compared to previous
microcontrollers where C programs were almost always less efficient than a hand-coded
assembly language variant.
Arduino Hardware Variety
 Openness has its advantages, many different varieties.
 Anyone can build an Arduino work-alike in any form-factor they want
Arduino Capabilities
 16 kBytes of Flash program memory
 1 kByte of RAM
 16 MHz (Apple II: 1 MHz)
 Inputs and Outputs
 14 digital input/output pins
 4 analog input pins
 6 analog output pins (only sorta analog, uses PWM ,
which we’ll talk about later)
 Completely stand-alone: doesn’t need a computer once
programmed

* Don’t worry if the above doesn’t make sense, you don’t


really need to know it.
Arduino Types Comparison
Operating / CPU Analog EEPROM Flash
Name Processor Digital IO / PWM SRAM [KB] UART
Input Voltage Speed In/Out [KB] [KB]

Ethernet ATmega328P 5 V / 7-12 V 16 MHz 6/0 14/4 1 2 32 -

Leonardo ATmega32U4 5 V / 7-12 V 16 MHz 12/0 20/7 1 2.5 32 1


8
LilyPad ATmega328P 2.7-5.5 V 6/0 14/6 0.512 1 16 -
MHz
Mega ADK ATmega2560 5 V / 7-12 V 16 MHz 16/0 54/15 4 8 256 4

Micro ATmega32U4 5 V / 7-12 V 16 MHz 12/0 20/7 1 2.5 32 1

Mini ATmega328P 5 V / 7-9 V 16 MHz 8/0 14/6 1 2 32 -

Nano ATmega328P 5 V / 7-9 V 16 MHz 8/0 14/6 1 2 32 1

Uno ATmega328P 5 V / 7-12 V 16 MHz 6/0 14/6 1 2 32 1


400MH
Yun AR9331 Linux 5V 12/0 20/7 1 16MB 64 MB 1
z

Zero ATSAMD21G18 3.3 V / 7-12 V 48 MHz 6/1 14/10 - 32 256 2


Arduino Uno
Microcontroller ATmega328
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage (recom) 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (6 PWM)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (0.5 KB bootloader)
SRAM 2 KB
EEPROM 1 KB
Clock Speed 16 MHz
Length 68.6 mm
Width 53.4 mm
Weight 25 g
Arduino Terminology
 “sketch” – a program you write to run on an
Arduino board
 “pin” – an input or output connected to something.
e.g. output to an LED, input from a knob.
 “digital” – value is either HIGH or LOW. (aka
on/off, one/zero) e.g. switch state
 “analog” – value ranges, usually from 0-255. e.g.
LED brightness, motor speed, etc.
Arduino Software
 Like a text
editor
 View/write/
edit sketches
 But then you
program them
into hardware
Installing Arduino
1. Get the Arduino software & unzip it
2. Plug in Arduino board
3. Install the driver
4. Reboot
5. Run the Arduino program
6. Tell Arduino (program) about Arduino (board)
Plug in Arduino board
Windows Driver Install
Mac Driver Install
Selecting Location & Type

usually highest numbered port

starts with tty.usbserial


Arduino IDE
Using Arduino
 Write your sketch
 Press Compile button (to check
for errors)
 Press Upload button to program
Arduino board with your sketch

 Try it out with the “Blink”


sketch!
 Load
“File/Examples/Basics/Blink”
Status Messages
Troubleshooting
 Most common problem is incorrect serial port
setting
 If you ever have any “weird” errors from the
Arduino environment, just try again.
 The red text at the bottom is debugging output in
case there may be a problem
 Status area shows summary of what’s wrong
I made an LED blink, so what?
 Most actuators are switched on and off with a
digital output
 The digitalWrite() command is the software portion
of being able to control just about anything
 LEDs are easy, motors come in a bit
 Arduino has up to 13 digital outputs, and you easily
can add more with helper chips
Development Cycle
 Make as many changes as you want
 Not like most web programming: edit ➝ run
 Edit ➝ compile ➝ upload ➝ run
Lots of Built-in Examples

And more here:


http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HomePage

And all over the Net. Search for “Arduino tutorial” or “Arduino notes” or whatever you’re interested in and “Arduino”
and likely you’ll find some neat pages.
Useful Links
 http://arduino.cc/
Official homepage. Also check out the Playground & forums
 http://arduino.ru/

Lots of useful information about Arduino and programming language on


Russian language
 http://arduino-project.net/videouroki-arduino-arduino4life/

Arduino video tutorials


 http://adafruit.com/

Arduino starter kits, Boarduino Arduino clone, lots of cool kits


 http://sparkfun.com/

Sells Arduino boards and lots of neat sensors & stuff


 Books:

 “Arduino cookbook”, Michael Margolis


 “Arduino programming notebook”, Brian W. Evans
 “Getting started with Arduino”, Massimo Banzi
Some Common Commands
 Serial.println(value);
Prints the value to the Serial Monitor on your computer

 pinMode(pin, mode);
Configures a digital pin to read (input) or write (output) a digital value

 digitalRead(pin);
Reads a digital value (HIGH or LOW) on a pin set for input

 digitalWrite(pin, value);
Writes the digital value (HIGH or LOW) to a pin set for output

 delay(value)
Stops the program execution for amount of milliseconds given by
value
Arduino data types
Flow control
1. if
if(expression){ //if expression is true if (inputPin < 500){
doSomething; doThingA;
} }
else if (inputPin >= 1000){
2. if… else doThingB;
if(inputPin == HIGH){ }
doThingA; else{
} else{ doThingC;
doThingB; }
}

3. for
for(j=0; j < 4; j++ ){
for (initialization; condition; expression){
Serial.println(j);
doSomething;
}
}

4. while while (someVariable < 200){ //if less than 200


while (expression){ doSomething; // executes enclosed statements
doSomething; someVariable++; // increments variable by 1
} }
do{ // assign readSensors value to x
5. do… while
x = readSensors();
do {
delay (50); // pauses 50 milliseconds
doSomething;
} while (x < 100); // loops if x is less than
} while (expression);
100
Arrays
 Arrays are zero indexed, with the first value in the array beginning at index number
0. An array needs to be declared and optionally assigned values before they can be
used.

int myArray[] = {value0, value1, value2...}

 Likewise it is possible to declare an array by declaring the array type and size and
later assign values to an index position

int myArray[5]; // declares integer array with 5 positions


myArray[3] = 10; // assigns the 3rd index the value 10

 To retrieve a value from an array, assign a variable to the array and index position:

first = myArray[0]; // this is the first element


last = myArray[4]; // this is the last element

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