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Operating System Service

The operating system provides services to programs and users including user interfaces, program execution, I/O operations, file system management, communications, error detection, and resource allocation. It has a layered structure with a kernel that manages core functions and additional modules that can be added or removed to customize functionality. The interface between the user and operating system can be a command line or graphical user interface.

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JONAS J JONAS
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138 views

Operating System Service

The operating system provides services to programs and users including user interfaces, program execution, I/O operations, file system management, communications, error detection, and resource allocation. It has a layered structure with a kernel that manages core functions and additional modules that can be added or removed to customize functionality. The interface between the user and operating system can be a command line or graphical user interface.

Uploaded by

JONAS J JONAS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OPERATING SYSTEM SERVICE

The operating system provides certain services to programs and to the user
of those program
The service include
 user interface
Program execution
Io operation
File system management
Operating system services are
Communication
Error dictation and handling
Resource allocation
 accounting and protection
Command and interpretation
Resource management
User interface - Almost all operating systems have a user interface (UI). Varies between Command-
Line (CLI), Graphics User Interface (GUI), Batch interface.
Program execution - The system must be able to load a program into memory and to run that
program, end execution, either normally or abnormally (indicating an error)
 operating system service
○ I/O operations –mechanism for imitating and managing I/O operation.
○ File-system manipulation – creating , maintaining manipulating file.
○ Communications – between processor of the same user and the same user
○ Error detection – protection related issues

○ Resource allocation-processor and I/O scheduling memory management

○ Accounting -to track user usage resource of billing and statically


resource
○ Protection- one process must be protected from another

○ Command interpretation – user entered commands will be interpreted


appropriate action will be performed
○ Resource management – the various of the system are managed in
optimal way
system call
 is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the
operating system on which it is executed
 The mechanism used by application program requests a service from the kernel of
operating system
 Those call are available assembly language instruction
Modes of operation
○ User mode
○ Kernel mode

System call can be grouped in to five major categorize


 Process control – end/abort , load/execute , create process and terminate, wait
event /signed event , allocate and free memory
 File management – create file/delete file , open close ,read write reposition ,get file
attribute s/sit file attributes
 Device management - request device/release devise,read/write/reposition,get device
attribute s/sit file attributes , logically attach/ detach device
 Information maintenance –get and set time and date , get and set system date , get
processes and device attributes
 Communication - create and delete communication connection , send receive massage
, transfer status information ,attach and detach remote devices
virtual machine
 A virtual machine (VM) is a virtual environment which functions as a virtual
computer system with its own CPU, memory, network interface, and storage,
created on a physical hardware system. VMs are isolated from the rest of the
system, and multiple VMs can exist on a single piece of hardware, like a server
You can classify virtual machines into two types፡-
1. system Virtual Machine: is fully virtualized to substitute for a physical machine. A
system platform supports the sharing of a host computer's physical resources between
multiple virtual machines, each running its own copy of the operating system.
 Multiprogramming
 Emulator and dynamic binary translator
 Same –ISA binary optimizer
 (HLL) high level language, VM
2. Process virtual machine :  allows a single process to run as an application on a host
machine, providing a platform-independent programming environment by masking the
information of the underlying hardware or operating system
 Whole system emulation
 Code signed VM
Use of VM
 Software tasting
 For education
 Data center

Benefits of Virtualization
 Reduced capital and operating costs.
 Minimized or eliminated downtime.
 Increased IT productivity, efficiency, agility and responsiveness.
 Faster provisioning of applications and resources
hypervisor
A hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine monitor or VMM, is software that creates and
runs virtual machines (VMs). A hypervisor allows one host computer to support multiple
guest VMs by virtually sharing its resources, such as memory and processing .
Types of Virtualization:
• Application Virtualization.
• Network Virtualization.
• Desktop Virtualization.
• Storage Virtualization.
• Server Virtualization.
Operating system structure
OS’s provide
 User Interfaces 
 Program Execution 
 I/O Operations 
 File-System Manipulation 
 Communications 
 Error Detection 
 Resource Allocation

Operating-System Structure
 Simple Structure:-It was written by a few programmers in a relatively short amount of time, without the benefit of modern software engineering
techniques, and then gradually grew over time to exceed its original expectations. It does not break the system into subsystems, and has no distinction
between user and kernel modes, allowing all programs direct access to the underlying hardware
 Layered Approach:-A layer-by-layer approach allows use of the properties of each material to enhance the properties of the combination. Additional
air gaps between the various layers increases the insulation. The possibility to add and remove layers makes a product more amenable for use in
various environments.
 module:- contains a number of interfaces for examining and specifying information about the operating system environment of the host machine.
As well as providing constants that you can use in your code, you can examine and set the value of any environment variable in the system
 A microkernel architecture is called a plug-in architecture because of the way capabilities and functionality are added to a minimal core OS.
They're an efficient way to achieve application customization and can offer software lifecycle benefits.
 hybrid system is generally used in mobile and laptops. Hybrid system is a type of system which is used for increasing the
performance, security and other user services and it is very efficient in the operating system.

User Operating-System Interface


• Command Interpreter
• Graphical User Interface, GUI

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