COMPUTER HARDWARES

Definition of Computer

 A programmable electronic
machine that performs high-
speed mathematical or
logical operations or
otherwise processes
information.
Computers Have Two Main Parts

1. Computer Hardware

2. Computer Software
 What is Computer Hardware?

 Computer Hardware is the

physical part of the computer
system, the machinery and
equipment.
 Parts of the computer “you can
see”
Examples of Computer Hardware
Monitor: T.V. like screen used to show pictures and
words

CPU: Central Processing Unit this is where most of

the computer’s calculations take place. In terms of
computing power, the CPU is the most important
element of a computing system.

Keyboard: This device is used to type

information into the computer and contains the
numbers 0-9.
More Computer Hardware
Mouse: a small device, which you move across the top of
the desk to move the pointer or cursor on the screen.

Printer: used to make a paper copy of the information

into the computer.

Image Scanner: an electronic device that generates a

digital representation of an image for data input to a
computer
Inside a Computer Case
 MOTHERBOARD
A motherboard is the central printed circuit board (PCB) in many modern
computers and holds many of the crucial components of the system, providing
connectors for other peripherals.
MAINBOARD (Back Panel)
Internal Hardware Parts
SMPS(Switched-mode power supply): It is an
electronic power supply that incorporates a switching
regulator in order to be highly efficient in the
conversion of electrical power. An SMPS is usually
employed to efficiently provide a regulated output
voltage, typically at a level different from the input
voltage.
PROCESSOR: An electronic circuit that can
execute computer programs. A processor is the
logic circuitry that responds to and processes
the basic instructions that drive a computer.
The processor (CPU, for
Central Processing Unit) is
the computer's brain. It
allows the processing of
numeric data, meaning
information entered in binary
form, and the execution of
instructions stored in
memory.
 HDD(Hard Disk Drive)
A hard disk drive (HDD; also hard
drive or hard disk) is a non-volatile,
random access digital magnetic data
storage device.

Random-access memory (RAM) is

a form of computer data storage. The
two main forms of modern RAM are
static RAM (SRAM) and dynamic RAM
RAM(Random Access (DRAM). In static RAM, a bit of data
is stored using the state of a flip-flop.
Memory) This form of RAM is more expensive
to produce, but is generally faster
and requires less power than DRAM
and, in modern computers, is often
used as cache memory for the CPU.
UPS(Uninterrupted Power
Supply)
An uninterruptible power supply, also
uninterruptible power source, UPS or
battery/flywheel backup, is an
electrical apparatus that provides
emergency power to a load when the input
power source, typically mains power, fails.

Offline / standby

The offline / standby UPS (SPS) offers only

the most basic features, providing surge
protection and battery backup. The
protected equipment is normally connected
directly to incoming utility power.
online
The online UPS is ideal for environments
where electrical isolation is necessary or
for equipment that is very sensitive to
power fluctuations.
 What is Computer Software?
 Computer Software are programs that tell the
computer what to do.
Examples
SYSTEM SOFTWARE- Operating System( Windows,
UNIX)
APPLICATION SOFTWARE-
- Database software(Oracle)
-Programming Languages
IDE(Visual studio, JAVA NETBeans),
-Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint,
Microsoft Excel
 Computer Input Devices
 Computer Devices that input information in the
computer

Examples
 Key Board
 Mouse
 Scanner
 Digital Camera
 KEYBOARD

 Keyboards use a variety of switch technologies. Capacitive switches are

considered to be non-mechanical because they do not physically complete a
circuit like most other keyboard technologies. Instead, current constantly flows
through all parts of the key matrix. Each key is spring-loaded and has a tiny
plate attached to the bottom of it. When you press a key, it moves this plate
closer to the plate below it. As the two plates move closer together, the
amount of current flowing through the matrix changes. The processor detects
the change and interprets it as a key press for that location.
 MOUSE
What is a mouse?
The mouse is a pointing device which helps us to operate the
computer. Although, we have switched to Touchpads in Laptops, "the
function of mouse is easy and user-friendly when compared with touch
pads for a new user", says the users. Mostly all the applications are
operated with mouse for easy working. In recent days, the optical
mouse had overcome the old ball mouse, because of its 'easy to use'
function.

Ball mouse

The movement of the pointer in

the computer  is decided by the
ball inside the mouse.
 Optical mouse
The main components of the optical mouse are:
Inbuilt optical sensor,
High speed camera ,
LED.
 Computer Output Devices
 Computer Devices that
output information from
the computer.

Examples
 Monitor

 Printer
 MONITOR Types
There are 3 types of monitor.
1.The CRT
2. the LCD Flat Panel monitor
3.The TFT-LCD monitor.

CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor

 most inexpensive monitor in the market

today.
 includes the flat/funnel tubes that
displays the images on the screen.
  Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitors
were first developed for use with laptop
computers. Also known as flat screen
LCD Flat Panel Monitor monitors, they are becoming more and
more common these days.
 LCD technology makes use of a liquid
crystal solution that are present in two
panes of polarized and partitioned
glasses. By adjusting the amount of
light that passes through these panels
through an electric voltage, images are
created on the screen. This technology
also reduces blurring and colour
smudging during motion pictures, which
makes this type of monitor appropriate
for gamers or film enthusiasts.

 A downside to this type is that, aside

from being more expensive, it costs to
have some add-ons attached to it, such
as SVGA, or Super Video Graphics Array
technology for improved onscreen
display.
TFT-LCD Monitor
 A Thin Film Transistor (TFT) – LCD
monitor is now being more widely used
with LCD monitors, because of its high
level of resolution and sharpness. The
only difference is a thin film transistor
that is applied to the screen, which
results in better control of pixels.

 This type of monitor is recommended

for those who play animated, colourful,
and high-resolution games, as well as
graphic artists who may need to check
out different fonts on the computer
screen.
 Broadband

The term broadband refers to a

telecommunications signal or
device of greater bandwidth.

Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just "broadband", is a

high data rate connection to the Internet— typically contrasted with dial-up
access using a 56 kbit/s modem.
Dial-up modems are limited to a bitrate of about 60 kbit/s and require the
dedicated use of a telephone line — whereas broadband technologies supply
more than this rate and generally without disrupting telephone use.
 NETWORK Basics
A collection of computers and other devices that communicate to share data,
hardware, and software.
 Wireless Fidelity – popularly known as Wi-Fi, developed on
IEEE 802.11 standards, is widely used technology advancement
in wireless communication.  As the name indicates, WI-FI
provides wireless access to applications and data across a radio
network. 
 Personal area network (PAN) is a computer network
designed for communication between computer devices (including
telephones and personal digital assistants close to one person). The
reach of a PAN is typically a few meters. Personal area networks
may be wired with computer buses such as USB and FireWire.

 A wireless personal area network (WPAN) can also be made possible

with network technologies such as IrDA and Bluetooth.

CAN - Campus Area Network

 Networking spanning with multiple LANs but smaller than a Metropolitan
area network, MAN. This kind of network mostly used in relatively large
universities or local business offices and buildings.
LAN - Local Area Network:

LAN connects networking devices with in short spam of area, i.e.

small offices, home, internet cafes etc.

Wireless - Local Area Network:

A LAN, local area network based on wireless network
technology mostly referred as Wi-Fi. Unlike LAN, in   WLAN no wires are used,
but radio signals are the medium for communication. Wireless network cards
are required to be installed in the systems for accessing any wireless network
around. Mostly wireless cards connect to wireless routers for communication
among computers or accessing WAN, internet.

MAN - Metropolitan Area Network:

MAN, metropolitan area network falls in middle of LAN and
WAN, It covers large span of physical area than LAN but smaller than WAN,
such as a city.

WAN - Wide Area Network:

As “word” Wide implies, WAN, wide area
network cover large distance for communication between
computers. The Internet it self is the biggest
example of Wide area network, WAN, which is
covering the entire earth.
Computer Viruses
A true virus is capable of self replication on a machine. It may spread
between files or disks, but the defining character is that it can
recreate itself on it’s own with out traveling to a new host

Symptoms of Virus Attack

 Computer runs slower then usual
 Computer no longer boots up
 Screen sometimes flicker
 PC speaker beeps periodically
 System crashes for no reason
 Files/directories sometimes disappear
 Denial of Service (DoS)

Antivirus or anti-virus software is used

to prevent, detect, and remove computer viruses.
Flash and Jump Drives
Flash memory is a kind of storage chip
that can be electrically erased and
reprogrammed.
NAND-type flash memory integrated with a
USB, small, removable, lightweight and
removable data storage .
Also known as pen drives, chip sticks,
thumb drives, flash drives and USB keys
A USB flash drive is a data storage device
that consists of flash memory with an
integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB)
interface. USB flash drives are typically
removable and rewritable, and physically
much smaller than a floppy disk. Most
weigh less than 30 grams. As of September
2011 drives of 256 gigabytes are available
SmartDisk® FireLite
External Portable 60GB Hard Drive
Modem
 A modem (modulator-demodulator) is
a device that modulates an analog
carrier signal to encode digital
information, and also demodulates such
a carrier signal to decode the
transmitted information. The goal is to
produce a signal that can be transmitted
easily and decoded to reproduce the
original digital data.
 Many broadband modems include the
functions of a router (with Ethernet and
WiFi ports)
 NETWORK related Terms
A virtual private network (VPN) is a network that
uses primarily public telecommunication infrastructure, such as the Internet,
to provide remote offices or traveling users access to a central organizational
network.
Voice over Internet Protocol (Voice over IP,
VoIP) is a family of technologies, methodologies, communication protocols,
and transmission techniques for the delivery of voice communications and
multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet.
TCP/IP model
The TCP/IP model, or Internet Protocol Suite, describes a set of
general design guidelines and implementations of specific networking
protocols to enable computers to communicate over a network. TCP/IP
provides end-to-end connectivity specifying how data should be formatted,
addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination.

Home network
Home network or home area network (HAN) is a residential local
area network (LAN). It is used for communication between digital devices
typically deployed in the home, usually a small number of personal
computers and accessories, such as printers and mobile computing
devices. An important function is the sharing of Internet access, often a
broadband service through a fibre-to-the-home, cable TV, Digital
Subscriber Line (DSL) or mobile broadband internet service provider
(ISP).
THANK YOU!!!