Ch6: Telecommunication

& Networking
MIS201
Course Email:
Instructor: Fatma Sajwani
 Objectives
1. Compare and contrast the major types of networks.

2. Describe the wireline communications media and transmission technologies.

3. Describe the most common methods for accessing the Internet.

4. Explain the impact that discovery network applications have had on business and everyday life.

5. Explain the impact the impact of network applications have had on business and everyday life
 Key Topics
1. Computer Networks

2. Internet & The World Wide Web

Computer Networks
 Class Activity
To find IP address and MAC address on iPhone:
Settings > AUS_Wireless > IP Address
Settings > General > About > Wi-Fi Address

To find IP address and MAC address on Android device:

Settings > About phone > status [to find MAC]
Settings > Wi-Fi > AUS_Wireless > Advanced [change IP to static] > Gateway Settings > WI-FI >
AUS_Wireless > Network Details
 What is a Computer Network?
Computer Network: a system that connects computers and other devices (e.g., printers) via
communications media so that data and information can be transmitted among them.

Bandwidth: refers to the transmission capacity of a network; it is stated in bits per

Second; ranges from Narrow to Broadband
o Broadband: high network capacity; transmission capacity higher than 25 Mbps

Network types:
1. Local Area Network (LAN): connects two or more devices in a limited geographical region, usually
within the same building.
2. Wide Area Network (WAN): a network that covers a large geographical area. WANs typically connect
multiple LANs.
3. Enterprise Network: organizational interconnected networks consisting of multiple LANs and
may also include multiple WAN's.
What is a Computer Network?
Router: a communications processor that
routes messages from a LAN to the
Internet, across several connected LANs,
or across a wide area network such as the
Internet.

Switch: Allow connections to multiple

devices, manage ports, manage VLAN
security settings
Enterprise Network
Corporate backbone networks:
high-speed central networks to which multiple
smaller networks (such as LANs and smaller WANs)
connect.

To solve for challenges facing traditional

networks:
Software-Defined Networks (SDN): decisions
controlling how network traffic flows across
network devices are managed centrally by software.
The software dynamically adjusts data flows to meet
business and application needs.
Network Fundamentals
Digital Signals (versus Analogue): discrete pulses that are either on or off,
representing a series of bits (0s and 1s). This quality allows digital signals to convey
information in a binary form that can be interpreted by computers.

Communications Media and Channels:

• Wired: Twisted-Pair Wire, Coaxial Cable, Fiber Optic Cable
• Wireless: Radio, Microwave, Satellite
Network Fundamentals
Digital Signals (versus Analogue): discrete pulses that are either on or off,
representing a series of bits (0s and 1s). This quality allows digital signals to convey
information in a binary form that can be interpreted by computers.

Communications Media and Channels:

• Wired: Twisted-Pair Wire, Coaxial Cable, Fiber Optic Cable
• Wireless: Radio, Microwave, Satellite

Medium Speed
Wireless (radio, microwave, satellite) <600 Megabits per sec
Twisted Pair Wires (CAT 5, CAT 6 cables) <= 1 Gigabit per sec
Coaxial Cable < 1 Gigabit per sec.
Fiber Optic Cable 6+ Terabits per sec.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Wired
Communication Channels
Channel Advantages Disadvantages
Twisted-pair Inexpensive Slow (low bandwidth)
wire Widely Available Subject to interference
Easy to work with Easily tapped (low security)
Coaxial cable Higher bandwidth than Relatively expensive and
twisted-pair inflexible
Less susceptible to Easily tapped (low to medium
electromagnetic security)
interference Somewhat difficult to work
with
Fiber-optic Very high bandwidth Difficult to work with (difficult
cable Relatively inexpensive to splice)
Difficult to tap (good security)
Network Fundamentals: Network Protocols
Ethernet: A common LAN protocol. Many organizations use 100-
gigabit Ethernet, where the network provides data transmission Key TCP Functions
speeds of 100 gigabits (100 billion bits) per second. • Manages the movement of data
packets between computers by
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): the establishing a connection
protocol of the Internet. TCP/IP uses a suite of protocols, the main between the computers
ones being the • Sequences the transfer of packets
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) • Acknowledges the packets that
• Internet Protocol (IP) have been transmitted
Packet Switching
• Packets: Before data are transmitted
over the Internet, they are divided into
small, fixed bundles called packets.

• Packet Switching: the transmission

technology that breaks up blocks of
data into packets is called packet
switching.

Each packet carries the information that will help it reach its destination:
– The sender’s IP address,
– the intended receiver’s IP address,
– the number of packets in the message, and
– the number of the particular packet within the message

• Each packet travels independently across the network and can be routed through different paths in the network.
When the packets reach their destination, they are reassembled into the original message.
 4 Layers of TCP/IP
 IP is the main protocol within the internet
layer of the TCP/IP.
 IP’s main purpose is to deliver data packets
between the source application or device
and the destination
 IP is responsible for disasembling,
delivering and reassembling the data
during transmission
Types of Network Processing
Distributed Processing: divides processing work
among two or more computers which enables
computers in different locations to communicate with
one another via telecommunications.

• Client/server computing: links two or more

computers in an arrangement in which some
machines, called servers, provide- computing
services for user PCs, called clients.
• Peer-to-peer Processing (P2P): a type of
client/server distributed processing where each
computer acts as both a client and a server.
The Internet & the World Wide Web
What is the Internet?
World Wide Web: a system of
universally accepted standards for
storing, retrieving, formatting, and
displaying information via a
client/server architecture.

Internet (“the Net”): a global WAN that

connects approximately 1 million
organizational computer networks in
more than 200 countries on all
continents, including Antarctica.
• Internet Backbone: fiber-optic
network
 Intranet vs. Extranet

Intranet: a network that uses

Internet protocols so that users
can take advantage of familiar
applications and work habits.
Intranets support discovery
(easy and inexpensive browsing
and search), communication,
and collaboration inside an
organization.

Extranet: connects parts of the

intranets of different
organizations.
 Accessing the Internet
Service Description
• Connecting
through an Dial-up Still used in the United States where broadband is not available
Online Service
DSL Broadband access through telephone companies
• Connecting
through Other Cable modem Access over your cable TV coaxial cable. Can have degraded
Means performance if many of your neighbors are accessing the Internet
at once
• Google Fiber
(FTTH) Satellite Access where cable and DSL are not available
• Addresses on the
Internet Wireless Very convenient, and WiMAX will increase the use of broadband
wireless

Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) Expensive and usually placed only in new housing developments
Addresses on the Internet
Internet Protocal (IP) Address
• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names (ICANN)
• Top Level Domain (TLD)
– .com, .edu, .mil, .gov, .org
 IPV4 vs IPV6
• Each computer on the Internet has an
assigned address, called the Internet
Protocol (IP) address.
• IP Address distinguishes it from all other
computers.

• The IP address consists of sets of numbers,

in four parts, separated by dots. For
example, the IP address of one computer
might be 135.62.128.91. You can access a
website by typing this number in the
address bar of your browser.

• IPV4 is the most widely used. IP addresses

using IPv4 consist of 32 bits, meaning that
there are 232 possibilities for IP addresses,
or 4,294,967,295 distinct addresses.
MAC Address versus IP Address
How Does VPN Work?
Network Applications
Network
Applications

Discovery Communication Collaboration

• Search Engines • Email • Google Docs, Sharepoint, etc

• Publications of • Web Based Call Center • Crowdsourcing
Material (Ex: • Voice Communication • Tele/Video Conferencing
World Bank) • Electronic Chat Rooms
• Portals • Unified
Communications
• Telecommuting