RADAR SYSTEM USING ARDUINO

UNO
CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• COMPONENTS
• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• BLOCK DIAGRAM
• COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
• WORKING
• CODING
• ADVANTAGES
• DISADVANTAGES
• APPLICATIONS
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
• Radar is a long-range object detection system that uses radio waves to establish certain parameters
of an object like its range, speed and position

• The project is based on Sonar technology as I will be using an Ultrasonic Sensor to determine the
presence of any object in a particular range.

• Rader is an object detection system. It uses Microwaves to determine the range, altitude, direction,
or speed of objects. The radar can transmit radio waves or microwaves which bounce off any object
in their path. So, we can easily determine any object in the radar range.
COMPONENTS

• ARDUINO UNO
• ULTRASONIC SENSOR
• MICRO SERVO MOTOR
• JUMPER WIRE
• CONNECTING WIRE
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
BLOCK DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

• ARDUINO UNO
• Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the processor ATmega328P. There are 14 digital I/O
pins, 6 analog inputs, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains all the
necessary modules needed to support the microcontroller
ULTRASONIC
SENSOR

• An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of a target object by emitting ultrasonic sound
waves, and converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal.

• Ultrasonic waves travel faster than the speed of audible sound

MICRO SERVO MOTOR

• A servo motor is a type of motor that can rotate with great precision. Normally this type of motor consists of a
control circuit that provides feedback on the current position of the motor shaft, this feedback allows the servo
motors to rotate with great precision
JUMPER WIRE

• A jump wire is an electrical wire, or group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at each end, which is normally
used to interconnect the components of a breadboard or other prototype or test circuit, internally or with other
equipment or components, without soldering.
CONNECTING WIRE
• It may be used to correct problems on a printed circuit board where insulation may not be a
problem.

• It may also be used in areas where sleeving may be slid over the wire to protect it from causing shorts, or
it may be used in areas where it is not possible to cause short circuits.
WORKING

• The basic objective of our design is to ascertain the distance position and speed of the obstacle set
at some distance from the sensor.
• Ultrasonic sensor sends the ultrasonic wave in various ways by rotating with help of servo motors.
This wave goes in air and gets reflected back subsequent to striking some object.
• This wave is again detected by the sensor and its qualities is analyzed and output is shown in
screen indicating parameters, for example, distance and position of object.
• Arduino IDE is utilized to compose code and transfer coding in Arduino and causes us to detect
position or angle of servo motor and it is communicated through the serial port alongside the
covered distance of the nearest object in its way.
• Output of all of this working is shown in the software called processing, it will display the
input/output and the range of the object.
Implementations of the sensors are done in such a way that ultra-sonic sensor is attached on top of the
servo motor because it have to detect the object and its distance. Arduino (micro-controller) will
control the ultra-sonic sensor and servo motor and also powered will be given to both of them through
micro-controller.

When any obstacle/object is detected by the ultrasonic sensor the data is immediately processed by
the controller and is fed to the IDE which shows it on the display screen. Here the process ends with
an estimated distance of the object from the system with the angle at which it is placed.
CODE
// Includes the Servo library
#include <Servo.h>.
// Defines Tirg and Echo pins of the Ultrasonic Sensor
const int trigPin = 10;
const int echoPin = 11;
// Variables for the duration and the distance
long duration;
int distance;
Servo myServo; // Creates a servo object for controlling the servo motor
void setup() {
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input
Serial.begin(9600);
myServo.attach(12); // Defines on which pin is the servo motor attached
}
void loop() {
// rotates the servo motor from 15 to 165 degrees
for(int i=15;i<=165;i++){
myServo.write(i);
delay(30);
distance = calculateDistance();// Calls a function for calculating the
distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor for each degree

Serial.print(i); // Sends the current degree into the Serial Port

Serial.print(","); // Sends addition character right next to the previous
value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing
Serial.print(distance); // Sends the distance value into the Serial Port
Serial.print("."); // Sends addition character right next to the previous
value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing
}
// Repeats the previous lines from 165 to 15 degrees
for(int i=165;i>15;i--){
myServo.write(i);
delay(30);
distance = calculateDistance();
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(",");
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.print(".");
// Function for calculating the distance measured by the
Ultrasonic sensor
int calculateDistance(){

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
// Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // Reads the echoPin,
returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds
distance= duration*0.034/2;
return distance;
}
ADVANTAGES

• Can see through the medium consisting of fog,snow,rain,darkness,clouds,etc

• Can penetrate and see through insulators
• Can distinguish fixed as well as moving target types
• Can help find out following parameters of object or target
Range
Angular position
Location of target
Velocity of target
DISADVANTAGES

• Can not distinguish and resolve multiple target which are very close like our
eye
• Can not recognize color of the target
• Can not see targets which are in the water and are too deep
• Can not see targets which are placed behind some conducting sheets
• Also difficult to recognize short rang target type
APPLICATIONS

• Air traffic control

• Radar astronomy
• Air defence system
• Antimissile systems
• Marine radars used to locate landmarks and other ships
• Aircraft anti collision systems
CONCLUSION
• In todays world as the advantages in technology is increasing the misuse of it
is also growing
• For example consider nation or launching missiles attack secretly which
might pose a great threat to the peoples in that nation
• All these problems can be reduced with the help of radars and these will help
in guarding the nation from the enemies and every day the radars are
becoming advanced
REFERENCE

• https://youtu.be/uC6PaxN99C8