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Assignment 1

The wars of Muhammed Ali involved numerous conflicts in the early 19th century as he sought to expand Egyptian territory and influence. These included the Wahhabi War of 1811-1819 in the Arabian Peninsula, the Sudanese War of 1820 in which he founded Khartoum and extended Egyptian control into central Africa, and the Greek War of 1824 in which Egyptian forces defeated Greek rebels. Muhammed Ali's largest war was the Egyptian-Ottoman War of 1831-1833, in which his son Ibrahim's forces conquered Syria and pushed to within 150 miles of Istanbul, giving Egypt virtual independence and control over an empire stretching from Sudan to Anatolia.

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22 views3 pages

Assignment 1

The wars of Muhammed Ali involved numerous conflicts in the early 19th century as he sought to expand Egyptian territory and influence. These included the Wahhabi War of 1811-1819 in the Arabian Peninsula, the Sudanese War of 1820 in which he founded Khartoum and extended Egyptian control into central Africa, and the Greek War of 1824 in which Egyptian forces defeated Greek rebels. Muhammed Ali's largest war was the Egyptian-Ottoman War of 1831-1833, in which his son Ibrahim's forces conquered Syria and pushed to within 150 miles of Istanbul, giving Egypt virtual independence and control over an empire stretching from Sudan to Anatolia.

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monae00169
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The wars of

Muhammed Ali
Presented to: Dr. Shaymaa Al-seyoufy
Presented by: Mona Emad 202000169
-The Wahhabi War of 1811-1819:
The Arabian Peninsula was the first field of Egypt's foreign wars during
the reign of Muhammad Ali, and the war there was one of the most
difficult and longest of the wars fought, and one of the most casualties
and troubles, after which he took control of Najd and the Hijaz

-The Sudanese War of 1820:


The force of approximately 4,000 soldiers set out from Cairo in July
1820, and was composed of Turks, Albanians, and other Turkish-
speaking forces, as well as Maghreb and Bedouin tribal forces.
Recruitment of Egyptians had not begun, so no Egyptians participated
in the campaign. The commander of these forces was Ismail Kamel
Pasha, the third son of Muhammad Ali Pasha. The 25-year-old joined
his army in Aswan on July 20. The second in command was a trusted
Albanian officer, Abidin Bey. He founded the city of Khartoum at the
confluence of the White Nile and the Blue Nile, so that his conquests
represented an extension of the Ottoman Empire’s penetration into the
heart of Africa, thus making it in control along the Red Sea line,
starting from Jeddah and ending with the state of Abyssinia, and this is
explained for the sake of the security of the Islamic state, as these lands
are inhabited by Muslims and Arabs. Conquest here is like annexing
part of Muslim lands to the Islamic nation.

-The Greek War ( Al-Moura war ) of 1824:


The victory of the Egyptian fleet over the Greek fleet in the “Battle of
Stampala”, also known as the War of the Morea, as it took place on
November 23, 1824, at the request of the Ottoman Sultan from
Muhammad Ali Pasha to the Governor of Egypt, and the Egyptian army,
led by Ibrahim Pasha, was able to prevail over the Greek rebels.
where his military success provoked intervention by the European
powers and brought on the destruction of the Ottoman and Egyptian
fleets at the Battle of Navarino (October 20, 1827). The Morea was
evacuated the following year.
-Egyptian Ottoman war of 1831-1833
-Muhammed Ali went to war against the sultan, from fall 1831 to
December 1832 Ibrahim led the Egyptian army through Lebanon and
Syria and across the Taurus Mountains into Anatolia where he defeated
the Ottoman forces and pushed on to Kutahya, only 150 miles from
Istanbul. Muhammad Ali now ruled over a virtually independent
empire, stretching from the Sudan to the Taurus Mountains.
• Siege of Akka:
-The siege of Akka ended with its handover to the Egyptian army after
it continued for six months. Both sides suffered heavy losses,
amounting to 4,500 dead in the Egyptian army, while the garrison lost
5,600 dead. The number of bombs that the Egyptians dropped on Akko
reached 50,000, although this conquest had a tremendous impact. In
the fighters, because this Akka had been withheld from Napoleon for
more than thirty years, and he was unable to conquer it, so Ibrahim
Pasha’s victory in conquering it is a page of glory and pride for the
Egyptian army.
• Conquest of Damascus:
After the matter was settled for Ibrahim Pasha in Akka and he restored
its castles and fortified them, he relieved his soldiers and arranged his
affairs to proceed north, intending to conquer Damascus. He left Akka
on June 9, 1832, with an army consisting of 18,000 fighters. When he
approached Damascus, he clashed with the Turkish forces outside the
city and defeated them. The governor fled to The Levant with Junouda,
and the people of Damascus welcomed Ibrahim Pasha, so he entered it
on June 16, and stayed there for eighteen days, during which he
arranged the administration according to a new system.

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