Database Management

System
DBMS
What is a Database?

● Database Management System (DBMS) is a software for storing and retrieving users’ data while
considering appropriate security measures.
● It consists of a group of programs which manipulate the database. The DBMS accepts the request for
data from an application and instructs the operating system to provide the specific data. In large
systems, a DBMS helps users and other third-party software to store and retrieve data.
● DBMS allows users to create their own databases as per their requirement. The term “DBMS” includes
the user of the database and other application programs. It provides an interface between the data and
the software application.
Database Example
Let us see a simple example of a university database. This database is maintaining information concerning
students, courses, and grades in a university environment. The database is organized as five files:

● The STUDENT file stores data of each student

● The COURSE file stores contain data on each course.
● The SECTION stores the information about sections in a particular course.
● The GRADE file stores the grades which students receive in the various sections
● The TUTOR file contains information about each professor.
To define DBMS:
● We need to specify the structure of the records of each file by defining the different types of data
elements to be stored in each record.
● We can also use a coding scheme to represent the values of a data item.
● Basically, your Database will have 5 tables with a foreign key defined amongst the various tables.
 Characteristics of DBMS

Here are the characteristics and properties of Database Management System:

● Provides security and removes redundancy

● Self-describing nature of a database system
● Insulation between programs and data abstraction
● Support of multiple views of the data
● Sharing of data and multiuser transaction processing
● Database Management Software allows entities and relations among them to form tables.
● It follows the ACID concept ( Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability).
● DBMS supports multi-user environment that allows users to access and manipulate data in parallel.
What is a File system?

● A file system is a technique of arranging the files in a storage medium like a hard
disk, pen drive, DVD, etc. It helps you to organizes the data and allows easy retrieval
of files when they are required. It mostly consists of different types of files like mp3,
mp4, txt, doc, etc. that are grouped into directories.
● A file system enables you to handle the way of reading and writing data to the
storage medium. It is directly installed into the computer with the Operating systems
such as Windows and Linux.
KEY DIFFERENCES Between DBMS AND FLAT FILE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

● A file system is a software that manages and organizes the files in a storage medium,
whereas DBMS is a software application that is used for accessing, creating, and
managing databases.
● The file system doesn’t have a crash recovery mechanism on the other hand, DBMS
provides a crash recovery mechanism.
● Data inconsistency is higher in the file system. On the contrary Data inconsistency is low
in a database management system.
● File system does not provide support for complicated transactions, while in the DBMS
system, it is easy to implement complicated transactions using SQL.
● File system does not offer concurrency, whereas DBMS provides a concurrency facility.
Users of DBMS

Following are the various category of users of DBMS

Component Name Task

Application The Application programmers write programs in various

Programmers programming languages to interact with databases.

Database Database Admin is responsible for managing the entire DBMS

Administrators system.He or she is called Database Admin or DBA.

End-Users The end users are the people who interact with the database
management system. They conduct various operations on
database like retrieving, updating, deleting, etc.
Popular DBMS Software

Here, is the list of some popular DBMS system:

● MySQL
● Microsoft Access
● Oracle
● PostgreSQL
● dBASE
● FoxPro
● SQLite
● IBM DB2
● LibreOffice Base
● MariaDB
● Microsoft SQL Server etc.
Application of DBMS

Below are the popular database system applications:

Sector Use of DBMS

Banking For customer information, account activities, payments, deposits, loans, etc.

Airlines For reservations and schedule information.

Universities For student information, course registrations, colleges and grades.

Telecommunication It helps to keep call records, monthly bills, maintaining balances, etc.

Finance For storing information about stock, sales, and purchases of financial

instruments like stocks and bonds.

Sales Use for storing customer, product & sales information. Manufacturing It is used for
the

management of supply chain and for tracking production of items. Inventories status
in warehouses.

HR Management For information about employees, salaries, payroll, deduction, generation of

paychecks, etc.
Types of DBMS

Tha main Four Types of Database Management System are:

What is Microsoft Access?

● Microsoft Access is a Database Management System offered by Microsoft. It uses the Microsoft Jet
Database Engine and comes as a part of the Microsoft Office suite of application.
● Microsoft Access offers the functionality of a database and the programming capabilities to create easy to
navigate screens (forms). It helps you analyze large amounts of information, and manage data efficiently.
Important Terms and Basic Objects

Database File:
It is a file which stores the entire database. The database file is saved to your hard drive or other storage
devices.

Datatypes:
Datatypes are the properties of each field. Every field has one datatype like text, number, date, etc.

Table
● A Table is an object which stores data in Row & Column format to store data.
● A Table is usually related to other tables in the database file.
● Each column must have Unique name
● We can also define Primary Key in a table.
Query
● Queries answer a question by selecting and sorting and filtering data based on search criteria.
● Queries show a selection of data based on criteria (limitations) you provide.
● Queries can pull from one or more related Tables and other Queries.
● Types of Query can be SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.

Form
● A form is a database object that you can use to create a user interface for a database application.
● Forms help you to display live data from the table. It mainly used to ease the process of data entry or editing.

Report
● A report is an object in desktop databases primarily used for formatting, calculating, printing, and summarizing
selected data.
● You can even customize the report’s look and feel.
Macros
Macros are mini computer programming constructs. They allow you to set up commands and processes in your forms,
like, searching, moving to another record, or running a formula.
Modules:
Modules are procedures(functions) which you can write using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA).