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Chapter 4

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19 views16 pages

Chapter 4

Uploaded by

hassanlucky760
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© © All Rights Reserved
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FLOW CONTROL

CONTROL STRUCTURE
• A program is a sequence of instructions. There
are two basic aspects of computer
programming: data and instructions . To work
with data, you need to understand variables
and data types.
• To work with instructions, you need to
understand control structures and statements.
CONTROL STRUCTURE
• Control structure types:
– Sequential structure.
– Making decision
– Iteration or loop
Sequential structure
• Normally, "flow of control," the computer executes
the instructions in the sequence in which they
appear, one by one. This condition is
called sequence accomplishment .
• In computer programming, the statement that will
be accomplished next is not necessarily located in
the next line. This scenario is known as transfer of
program control. From the following lessons you
can understand the control structures and
statements in Java language.
Making Decision
• Decision making is an important part of
programming.
• It is used to specify the order in which
statements are executed.
• In this chapter, you will learn how to create
decisions using different forms of
if...else statement.
IF Statement
• In Java, an if statement is a conditional
statement that runs a different set of
statements depending on whether an
expression is true or false.
• Syntax:
• if(condition){
• //code to be executed if the condition is true
• }
IF Statement
• In the above syntax, the if statement evaluates
the test expression inside parenthesis.
• If test expression is evaluated to true
(nonzero) , statements inside the body of if is
executed.
• If test expression is evaluated to false (0) ,
statements inside the body of if is skipped.
EXAMPLE
• public class TestClass {
• public static void main(String[] args) {
• int totalMarks=55;
• if(totalMarks>50){
• System.out.print("You have passed the
exam !!");
• }
• }
• }
IF….ELSE Statement
• The else statement is to specify a block of code to
be executed, if the condition in the if statement is
false.
• Syntax:
• if(condition){
• //code to be executed if the condition is true
• }else{
• //code to be executed if the condition is false
• }
IF….ELSE Statement
• The else clause of an if...else statement is associated with the closest
previous if statement in the same scope that does not have a corresponding
else statement.
• EXAMPLE:
– public class TestClass {
– public static void main(String[] args) {
– int totalMarks=48;
– if(totalMarks>50){
– System.out.print("You have passed the exam !!");
– }
– else {
– System.out.print("You have failed the exam !!");
– }
– }
– }
IF….ELSE IF Statement
• If you want to evaluate more than one
conditions at the same time , you can use else if
statement in Java.
• Multi selection enables the developer to
determine the actions that have to be
accomplished in certain conditions by imposing a
requisite.
• You can combine an else and an if to make an else
if and test a whole range of mutually exclusive
possibilities.
IF….ELSE IF Statement
• Syntax:
• if(condition1){
• //code to be executed if the condition1 is true
• }else if(condition2){
• //code to be executed if condition2 is true
• }
• else if(condition3){
• //code to be executed if condition3 is true
• }
• ...
• else{
• //code to be executed if all the above conditions are false
• }
Example
•
• public class TestClass {
• public static void main(String[] args) {
• int totalMarks=64;
• if(totalMarks>=80){
• System.out.print("Got Higher First Class");
• }
• else if (totalMarks>=60 & & totalMarks < 80 ){
• System.out.print("Got First Class");
• }
• else if (totalMarks>=40 & & totalMarks < 60){
• System.out.print("Just pass only");
• }
• else {
• System.out.print("You have failed the exam !!");
• }
• }
• }
Assignment
• Write a small program that calculates the total
and average and grade for three subject
marks.
END

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