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Image Compression Unit 5

Xo ixzizxi

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Ayush
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38 views

Image Compression Unit 5

Xo ixzizxi

Uploaded by

Ayush
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IMAGE COMPRESSION

UNIT 5
COMPRESSION RATIO (CR)
• CR=N1/N2
• RELATED REDUNDANCY(RR) = 1-1/CR
SHIFT CODES
Introduction to JPEG Compression

• JPEG is an image compression standard which


was developed by "Joint Photographic Experts
Group". In 1992, it was accepted as an
international standard. JPEG is a lossy image
compression method. JPEG compression uses
the DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) method
for coding transformation. It allows a tradeoff
between storage size and the degree of
compression can be adjusted.
Following are the steps of JPEG Image
Compression-
• Step 1: The input image is divided into a small
block which is having 8x8 dimensions. This
dimension is sum up to 64 units. Each unit of
the image is called pixel.
• Step 2: JPEG uses [Y,Cb,Cr] model instead of
using the [R,G,B] model. So in the 2nd step,
RGB is converted into YCbCr.
• Step 3: After the conversion of colors, it is
forwarded to DCT. DCT uses a cosine function
and does not use complex numbers. It
converts information? which are in a block of
pixels from the spatial domain to the
frequency domain.
• Step 4: Humans are unable to see important
aspects of the image because they are having
high frequencies. The matrix after DCT
conversion can only preserve values at the
lowest frequency that to in certain point.
Quantization is used to reduce the number of
bits per sample.
• There are two types of Quantization:
• Uniform Quantization
• Non-Uniform Quantization
• Step 5: The zigzag scan is used to map the 8x8
matrix to a 1x64 vector. Zigzag scanning is
used to group low-frequency coefficients to
the top level of the vector and the high
coefficient to the bottom. To remove the large
number of zero in the quantized matrix, the
zigzag matrix is used.
• Step 6: Next step is vectoring, the different
pulse code modulation (DPCM) is applied to
the DC component. DC components are large
and vary but they are usually close to the
previous value. DPCM encodes the difference
between the current block and the previous
block.
• In this step, Run Length Encoding (RLE) is
applied to AC components. This is done
because AC components have a lot of zeros in
it. It encodes in pair of (skip, value) in which
skip is non zero value and value is the actual
coded value of the non zero components.
• Step 8: In this step, DC components are coded
into Huffman.

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