OPERATING

SYSTEM
 An operating system (OS) is the program
that, after being initially loaded into the
computer by a boot program, manages all
of the other application programs in a
computer. The application programs make
use of the operating system by making
requests for services through a defined
application program interface (API). In
addition, users can interact directly with the
operating system through a user interface,
such as a command-line interface (CLI) or a
graphical UI (GUI).
 An operating system
provides three essential
capabilities: It offers a UI
through a CLI or GUI; it
launches and manages
the application
FUNCTIONS OF AN OS execution; and it
identifies and exposes
system hardware
resources to those
applications -- typically,
through a standardized
API.
 FLOW
UI. Every operating system
requires a UI, enabling users
and administrators to
interact with the OS in order
to set up, configure and
even troubleshoot the
operating system and its
underlying hardware. There
are two primary types of UI
available: CLI and GUI.
AN OPERATING
SYSTEM CAN
PERFORM THE
FOLLOWING
SERVICES FOR
APPLICATIONS:
 MULTITASKING
In a multitasking operating system,
where multiple programs can be
running at the same time, the OS
determines which applications
should run in what order and how
much time should be allowed for
each application before giving
another application a turn.
 HANDLING

It handles input/output (I/O) to and

from attached hardware devices,
such as hard disks, printers and
dial-up ports.
 STATUS
It sends messages to each
application or interactive user -- or
to a system operator -- about the
status of operation and any errors
that may have occurred.
 BATCH JOBS

It can offload the management of

batch jobs -- for example, printing --
so that the initiating application is
freed from this work.
 BATCH JOBS

It can offload the management of

batch jobs -- for example, printing --
so that the initiating application is
freed from this work.
PARALLEL PROCESSING
On computers that can provide
parallel processing, an operating
system can manage how to divide
the program so that it runs on more
than one processor at a time.
 All major computer platforms
(hardware and software) require,
and sometimes include, an
operating system, and operating
systems must be developed with
different features to meet the
specific needs of various form
factors.
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Although the fundamental roles of an operating system are

ubiquitous, there are countless operating systems that serve a
wide range of hardware and user needs.
 General-purpose operating
system

Embedded opera Mobile operating s

ting system ystem

Network opera
ting system Real-time operati
ng system
 A general-purpose OS represents an array of operating systems
intended to run a multitude of applications on a broad selection of
hardware, enabling a user to run one or more applications or tasks
simultaneously. A general-purpose OS can be installed on many
different desktop and laptop models and run applications from
accounting systems to databases to web browsers to games.
General-purpose operating systems typically focus on process
(thread) and hardware management to ensure that applications
can reliably share the wide range of computing hardware present.

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 Mobile operating system (OS). allows mobile devices such as
phones, tablets, and other smart devices such as wearable
technologies to run applications and other programs When a
mobile device is turned on, it typically displays a screen with icons
or squares that display information and offer access to the
application.

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 An embedded operating system is a specialized operating system
(OS) designed to perform a specific task for a device that is not a
computer. The main job of an embedded OS is to run the code that
allows the device to do its job.

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 Network Operating System is a computer operating system that
facilitates to connect and communicate various autonomous
computers over a network.

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 When a computing device must interact with the real world within
constant and repeatable time constraints, the device manufacturer may
opt to use a real-time operating system (RTOS). For example, an industrial
control system may direct the operations of a sprawling factory or power
plant. Such a facility will produce signals from myriad sensors and also
send signals to operate valves, actuators, motors and countless other
devices. In these situations, the industrial control system must respond
quickly and predictably to changing real-world conditions -- otherwise,
disaster may result. An RTOS must function without buffering, processing
latencies and other delays, which are perfectly acceptable in other types
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HISTORY OF WINDOWS OS
Following Information
HISTORY OF ANDROID OS
 Android, operating system for cellular telephones and tablet computers.
Android began in 2003 as a project of the American technology company
Android Inc., to develop an operating system for digital cameras. In 2004
the project changed to become an operating system for smartphones.
Android Inc., was bought by the American search engine company Google
Inc., in 2005. At Google, the Android team decided to base their project on
Linux, an open source operating system for personal computers.
 On November 5, 2007, Google announced the founding of the Open
Handset Alliance, a consortium of dozens of technology and mobile
telephone companies, including Intel Corporation, Motorola, Inc., NVIDIA
Corporation, Texas Instruments Incorporated, LG Electronics, Inc.,
Samsung Electronics, Sprint Nextel Corporation, and T-Mobile (Deutsche
Telekom). The consortium was created in order to develop and promote
Android as a free open source operating system with support for third-
party applications. Android-based devices use wireless networks in order
to take full advantage of features such as one-touch Google searches,
Google Docs (e.g., word editors, spreadsheets), and Google Earth (satellite
mapping software).
The first cellular telephone to feature the new operating system was the T-
Mobile G1, released on October 22, 2008. In 2012 Android became the
most popular operating system for mobile devices, surpassing Apple’s
iOS, and, as of 2020, about 75 percent of mobile devices run Android.
OPERATING
SYSTEM
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