Introduction To Data Science

Introduction to
Data Science
Data science is a multidisciplinary field that uses scientific
methods, processes, algorithms, and systems to extract
knowledge and insights from structured and unstructured
data.
By Team Sai Th
What is Data Science?
Data science is about uncovering hidden patterns and trends in data. It's
used for making predictions, solving complex problems, and gaining a
deeper understanding of information.
Data Collection
Gathering raw data from various sources, including databases, APIs, and sensor readings .
Data Cleaning & Transformation

Preparing data for analysis by handling missing values, outliers, and inconsistencies.
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Data Analysis & Modeling
Applying statistical techniques and machine learning algorithms to
extract insights and build predictive models.
Visualization & Communication

Presenting data findings in clear and engaging visualizations to communicate insights effectively.
The Data Science Process
The data science process involves a systematic approach to tackling data-driven
challenges, from defining the problem to deploying solutions.
1 Problem Definition
Clearly defining the business problem you're trying to solve and identifying the data needed.
2 Data Collection & Preparation
Gathering data from various sources and preparing it for analysis by cleaning,
transforming, and integrating it.
3 Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
Exploring the data to understand its patterns, relationships, and potential insights.
4 Feature Engineering & Selection
Creating new features from existing data to improve model accuracy and selecting
the most relevant features for training.
5 Model Selection & Training

Choosing an appropriate machine learning model and training it on the prepared data.
6 Model Evaluation & Deployment

Evaluating the performance of the trained model and deploying it to solve the problem.
Data Collection and Preprocessing
Data collection involves gathering data from various sources, such as
databases, APIs, web scraping, sensors, and social media platforms .
Data Sources Data Cleaning Data Transformation

Databases, APIs, web Handling missing Converting data into a
scraping, sensors, values, outliers, suitable format for
social media inconsistencies, and analysis, such as
platforms. duplicates. scaling, encoding, and
normalization.
Exploratory Data Analysis
Exploratory data analysis (EDA) involves exploring the data to
understand its patterns, relationships, and potential insights.
1 Descriptive Statistics
Calculating summary statistics such as mean, median,
mode, standard deviation, and percentiles.
2 Data Visualization
Creating graphs and charts to visualize patterns, trends and relation
3 Hypothesis Testing
Testing hypotheses about the data to determine if there are
statistically significant relationships.
4 Feature Selection
Identifying the most relevant features for the analysis and modeling
Feature Engineering
Feature engineering involves creating new features from
existing data to improve model accuracy and performance.
Domain Knowledge
domain expertise to create features relevant to the
probleLeveragingm.
Feature Transformation
Transforming existing features using techniques like
binning, scaling, and encoding.
Feature Interaction
Creating new features by combining existing
features to capture interactions between variables.
Model Selection and Training
Model selection involves choosing the best machine learning
model based on the problem requirements and data
characteristics.
Regression Predicting Linear Regression,
continuous Decision Trees,
values Support Vector
Machines
Classification Predicting Logistic Regression,
categorical Decision Trees,
values Support Vector
Machines
Clustering Grouping similar K-means Clustering,
data points Hierarchical
together Clustering
Model Evaluation and Deployment
Model evaluation assesses the performance of the trained model and identifies areas for improvement.
Accuracy Precision Recall F1-Score

Measures the Measures the Measures the Harmonic mean of
proportion of proportion of proportion of precision and
correctly predicted correctly predicted correctly predicted recall, balancing
instances. positive instances positive instances both metrics.
among all among all actual
predicted positive positive instances.
Applications of Data Science
Data science has a wide range of applications across various industries, including healthcare,
finance, retail, and manufacturing.
Healthcare Finance Retail Manufacturing

Diagnosing diseases, Detecting fraud, Personalizing Improving
predicting patient managing risk, and recommendations, production
outcomes, and making investment optimizing efficiency,
developing decisions. inventory, and optimizing supply
personalized predicting customer chains, and
treatments. behavior. predicting machine
The Future of Data Science
The future of data science is promising, with advancements in artificial
intelligence, machine learning, and big data technologies.
1 Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Developing more sophisticated AI algorithms and models for
data analysis and decision-making.
2 Machine Learning (ML)

Improving the accuracy and efficiency of ML algorithms,
enabling them to handle complex data patterns.
3 Big Data Analytics

Developing tools and techniques for analyzing massive
datasets and extracting valuable insights.
4 Data Ethics & Privacy

Ensuring responsible and ethical use of data, protecting user
privacy, and promoting data transparency. By Team Sai Thar

Introduction To Data Science

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Introduction To Data Science

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Introduction to

Data Cleaning & Transformation

Visualization & Communication

2 Data Collection & Preparation

3 Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

4 Feature Engineering & Selection

5 Model Selection & Training

6 Model Evaluation & Deployment

Data Sources Data Cleaning Data Transformation

Accuracy Precision Recall F1-Score

Healthcare Finance Retail Manufacturing

1 Artificial Intelligence (AI)

2 Machine Learning (ML)

3 Big Data Analytics

4 Data Ethics & Privacy

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