A

Presentation on

EV BATTERY PROTECTION SYSTEM

Shlok Dadasaheb Pachangane 23213520423
Shubham Anil Baile 23213520407
Yogesh Avinash Dhane 23213520417
Rutik Dipak Kadam 23213520418
Under the Guidance of
Ms. B.P. Kumbhar
Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Polytechnic
Academic Year: 2024-25
YASHODA TECHNICAL CAMPUS, WADHE, SATARA, 415011
 Contents
 Abstract  Advantages
 Literature Review  Application
 Block Diagram  Hardware
 Action plan  Conclusion
 Working  References

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 Abstract
- The Main objective of this project is to detect the any abnormal fault in the lithium-ion battery. The purpose
of our research is to use ATmega328P and sensors like smoke sensor, temperature sensor to monitor the
parameters like temperature, leak gases in surrounding of Lithium-ion battery of Electric vehicle. And protect
it from unwanted situations occur during charging and discharging also with the help of solenoid valve, the
condition of hazardous fire can be stopped As electric vehicles (EV s) trend toward higher bus voltages
and increased load demand, a robust circuit protection strategy becomes increasingly critical to
safeguard downstream wiring and sensitive electronic loads against overcurrent events and short-
circuit faults. Concerns regarding the reliability and slower response times of traditional electro-
mechanical circuit breakers drive designers towards alternative options like solid-state circuit breakers
(SSCBs) using wide-bandgap devices such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN). SiC-
based MOSFET switches are commonly used in circuit breaker applications instead of GaN as it offers
higher breakdown voltage, offering additional safety margin during voltage surge caused by the system
inductance when the switch is turned off. Additionally, GaN technology has not yet matured enough to
provide cost-effective solutions. This paper presents a SiC-based bidirectional solid-state circuit breaker
that can be incorporated into electric vehicles offering protection against overcurrents and short-circuit
faults. The proposed protection system is experimentally validated with a laboratory prototype at a
system rating of 400V, 10A.

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 Literature review
The idea of dedicated planned model of Battery protection system of work unit came
from the incident once we watch countless news on catching fireplace in EVs. As
transport is a elementary demand of contemporary life, however the normal
combustion engine is quickly changing into outdated. hydrocarbon or diesel vehicles
are extremely polluting and are being quickly replaced by totally electric vehicles.
totally electric vehicles (EV) have zero pipe emissions and are far better for the
environment. the electrical vehicle revolution is here.
thus, safety of EVs is most important. and therefore, the combination of electrical
and electronic information will do this terribly effectively. Growing population and
demand of safe travel is necessity of any person. As we have a tendency to all
recognize that India is a developing country and therefore the weather of India is
heat most of time. These factors produce a problem on EVs.

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 Block Diagram

Fig - 1 : Block Diagram

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 Action Plan
Sr. Week Details of Planned Planned Name of members
no. activity start date finish date
1. Week 1
2. Week 2
3. Week 3
4. Week 4
5. Week 5
6. Week 6

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 Working Principle
We use two sensors LM35 for temperature and MQ3 for smoke detection.
Smoke sensor mainly used to detect any gas leakage or fire outbreak in the battery system.
Nowadays, the problem of electric vehicle is less configuration on battery so if battery
runs for long time, then it’s got heated. That’s why we use LM35 to measure the
temperature.
All the data or readings will be showed on display. If in initial condition when the
temperature and smoke both are below threshold value “ READY TO GO” will display on
LCD and motor starts. The threshold point of temperature sensor is 32 degree and the
smoke is 199 unit So, when temperature exceeds to threshold point the cooling fan will
ON and cools up to 38 degrees after that controller shows INGNITION OFF message and
cut the power supply of motor. When the smoke exceeds its threshold value the solenoid
valve will ON and controller shows INGNITION OFF message and cut the power supply
of the motor.
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 Advantages
 A more reliable and safety ensuring system for the safety while using
electric vehicles.
 Automatic and trouble-free operation which should not disturb the normal
operation of the vehicle.
 Automatic battery health parameters monitoring will make Electric vehicle
drive more safer and trouble free.
 The circuit could have a wide range of uses, which conforms to the design
trends of electronic products currently being released.
 Due to simple and cost effective this design can be use in small scale of
production or startup.

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 Applications
An electric vehicle (EV) battery protection system, also known as a battery
management system (BMS), has many applications, including:

•Battery protection: Prevents the battery from operating outside of its safe
range.
•Battery monitoring: Tracks the battery's state of charge (SoC) and state
of health (SoH).
•Battery optimization: Improves the battery's life and capacity through cell
balancing.
•Charging control: Uses dynamic algorithms to adapt the charging rate
based on the battery’s current state.
•Temperature regulation: Uses integrated sensors and cooling
mechanisms to monitor and regulate the battery's temperature.
•Redundant
Capstone safety
Project Planning (22058) features: Incorporates hardware-based over voltage 9
 Hardware
1. LM35 is a temperature detector that outputs an analog signal that is proportional to the instant temperature. The output  Micro-Controller
– Atmega328p voltage will simply be taken to get a temperature reading in Celsius. The advantage of lm35 over thermistor is it doesn't
. Temperature sensor
• Smoke Sensor – MQ3 LM35 Temperature sensor Features-

• Crystal – 16Mhz 1. tag Directly in Celsius (Centigrade)

• Voltage Regulator – 7805 2. Linear + 10-mV/°C multiplier

• Display – LCD 16*2 3. 0.5°C Ensured Accuracy (at 25°C)

• Relay – DC 5V
4. Rated for Full −55°C to 150°C vary
• Transistor – BC547 5. appropriate for Remote Applications

• Capacitor – 22pF, 100uF 6. Operates from four V to thirty V

• Resistor – 330 Ohm 7. lower than 60-µA Current Drain

• Variable Resistor – 10Kohm 8. Low Self-Heating, 0.08°C in Still Air

• Terminal Block – Screw 9. Non-Linearity solely ±¼°C Typical

• Battery – 12v, 2000mah 10. Low-Impedance Output, 0.1 Ω for 1-mA

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 Conclusion
The final approach for making this hardware modules is to give a easy way of
protection.
We tried to fulfil almost all the missing requirement for these types of platforms
make this hardware modules as much as:
• Flexible
• User friendly
• User interactive
• Latest use of technology
After all this feature there is lot, more scope left in this platform so the
development will continue.

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 References
1. K. Kadirvel, J. Carpenter, P. Huynh, J. M. Ross, R.
•Shoemaker, and [Link]-Shue-Chan, “A Stackable, 6Cell, Li-Ion, Battery
Management IC for Electric Vehicles With 13, 12-bit ΣΔ ADCs, Cell voltage
balancing, and Direct-Connect Current-Mode Communications.
2. N. Noda, “21st century cars and ICs,” in 2000 IEEE International Solid-State
. Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers.

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THANK YOU😊

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