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Chapter 02 Basics of Operating System

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Chapter 02 Basics of Operating System

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ahsantech33
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BASICS OF

OPERATING SYSTEM
FOR GRADE : IX (AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION
BOARD)
PREPARED BY : SIR AHSAN IQBAL
STUDENT’S LEARNING OUTCOMES
SLO 2.1: Introduction of operating
system.
SLO 2.1.1: Define Operating System
(OS). (Cognitive Level: Knowledge)
An Operating System is a system software that efficiently
manages all the computer resources including computer
hardware and software. Its acts as bridge between a user and a
computer system and controls the execution of all kinds of
computer programs. Application software is always dependent
upon operating system without which you can’t execute
programs on your computer system. An operating system can
performs various tasks such as I/O Management, Resource
management, File management, users’ management, memory
management, and process management.
SLO # 2.1.2: Describe the functions of OS, i.e. Memory
management, I/O management, files management, resource
management, users’ management and process management.
(Cognitive Level: Understanding)
SLO # 2.1.3: Differentiate among the following three types of
user interfaces provided by OS: *
A. Command Line Interface (CLI), e.g. DOS and UNIX
B. Menu Driven Interface (MDI), e.g. Novel
C. Graphical User Interface (GUI), e.g. Macintosh, Linux and
Windows
Before discussing the types of operating system, firstly, we will discuss what
a user interface is? By observing the word “User Interface” we can easily get
to the point. User interface is an interface between a user and a computer
system which connects a user to a computer system or a communication
medium between operating system and a user is user interface. We have 3
major types of user-interface.
Now, we will discuss each of these in detail:
A) Command Line Interface: Have you ever command prompt in your computer
system? Well, if yes that’s great, but if not, you’ll learn about it now. In command line
interface user has to write commands or give textual input to perform operations of
a computer system. Let’s say you have to delete a file from C drive of your computer
system, so to delete that file you have to write a proper command and after that you
task will be accomplished. Command line interface is not user-friendly and difficult to
understand. It’s inefficient as you have to learn commands for each operation you
perform. For E.G. DOS (Disk operating System) and UNIX. (See Figure 2.1)
B) Graphical user interface: A widely used user interface that
uses Icons and cursor by which a user can interact with the
computer system. It is user-friendly and easy to use and the
most-efficient user interface up till now. As it’s user-friendly, it
is preferred to use in most of the organizations and companies.
The most common examples of GUI is Windows, MAC and Linux.
(See figure 2.2)
C) Menu-Driven Interface: The working of an MDI is similar to an
ATM Machine. It has multiple menus on each selection done by
a user. As you select the first option, based on that selection a
new menu appears and so on until it reaches to an outcome or
a final result. For E.G Novel. (See figure 2.3)
SLO # 2.2: Classification and
Types of Operating System.
(Cognitive Level: Understanding).
SLO # 2.2.1: Classify OS into single
user and multiuser OS.
SLO # 2.2.2: Differentiate among the
following types of OS:
B. Time sharing system: A Time sharing operating system is
type of an operating system that divided a single unit of
processing time into multiple tasks or systems. Each action or
order at a time the shared system becomes smaller, so only a
little CPU time is required for each user. For example Linux,
Unix, mainframe computer.
C. Real time system: In real time operating system, a process
or a task has to be completed within a specified time. A time
limit is given in real time operating system to complete a
specified task. Processing time requirements need to be fully
understood and bound rather than just kept as a minimum. All
processing must occur within the defined constraints. For
examples: Airline traffic control systems, Robot etc.
THIS IS NOT IN YOUR SYLLABUS
BECAUSE IT IS CLASS ACTIVITY
THIS IS NOT IN YOUR SYLLABUS
BECAUSE IT IS CLASS ACTIVITY

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