Technology_Consulting_Green_variant[1]

SUB NAME: Computer Fundamentals
SUB CODE : CM-

105………………………
………………
COMPUTE
R
GENERATI
ONS
A journey through a computer
history
Introduction To
Computer Generations
• Computer generations refer to the various stages in the
development of computer technology,
• each characterized by significant advancements in hardware,
software, and architecture.
• There are typically considered to be five generations of
computers
• Each generation brought about transformative changes, making
computers more accessible, powerful, and versatile.
• These advancements have played a pivotal role in shaping
modern society and revolutionizing various industries.
Generations of
0 First generation Fifth generation computer
(1940s-1950s) 05 (1980s-
1
present)
0 Second generation
(1950s-1960s)
2
0 Third generation
(1960s-1970s)
3
0 Fourth generation
(1970s-
4 1980s)
01
GENERATI
ON
Of computer
First Generation of
(1940s- computer
1950s)
The period of first generation was 1942-1954
1. First generation of computers started with using vacuum tubes
as the basic components for CPU (Central processing unit)
2. These tubes like electric bulbs produced a lot of heat and
were prone to frequent fusing of the installations, therefore,
were very expensive and could be afforded only by very large
organizations.
3. In this generation mainly batch processing operating systems
were used.
4. In this generation punched cards, paper tape, magnetic tape
input & output devices. Were used.
5. There was machine code and electric wired board language
used.
Components
Vacuum tubes
Magnetic tape
MAIN FEATURES OF FIRST GENERATION
THE MAIN FEATURES OF FIRST GENERATION ARE :
Vacuum tube technology

Unreliable
Supported machine language only
Very costly
Generate a lot of heat
Slow input/output device
Huge size
Need of A.C
Non portable
• Consumed a lot of electricity
EXAMPLES
Examples of the first generation

computers include
ENIAC
EDVAC
UNIVAC
IBM-701
IBM-650
These computers were large and very
unreliable. They would heat up and
frequently shut down and could only be
used for very basic computations.
02
GENERATI
ON
Of computer
Second Generation of
computer
The period of second generation was 1952-1964
This generation using the transistor was cheaper, consumed less
power, more impact in size, more reliable and faster than the first
generation.
In this generation magnetic cores were used as primary memory
and magnetic tape and magnetic disks as secondary storage
devices.
• In this generation assembly language and high level
programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL Were used.
• There were batch processing and multiprogramming operating
systems used.
TRANSISTORS
MAGNETIC CORE MEMORY

THE MAIN FEATURES OF SECOND
GENERATION
THE MAIN FEATURES OF SECOND GENERATION ARE :
Use of transistors
Reliable as compared to first generation
computers
Smaller size as compared to first generation
computers
• Generate less heat consumed less electricity
• Faster than first generation computers.
• Still very costly
• A.C needed
• Support machine and assembly language
EXAMPLES
Examples of the second generation

computers include
IBM 1620
IBM 7094
CDC 1604
CDC 3600
UNIVAC 1108
03
GENERATI
ON
Of computer
Third Generation of
computer
The period of third generation was 1964-1972
The third generation of computers is marked by the use of
integrated circuits (IC’s) in place of transistors, resistors and
capacitors along with the associated circuitry.
The IC was invented by Jack kilby.
This development made computers smaller in size, reliable and
efficient.
In this generation remote processing, time-sharpening, real-time,
multiprogramming operating systems were used.
• High level languages (FORTRAN-II to IV,COBOL,BASIC,
ALGOL-68 etc..) were used during this generation.
MAIN FEATURES OF THIRD GENERATION
THE MAIN FEATURES OF THIRD GENERATION ARE :
• IC used
• More reliable
• Smaller size
• Generate less heat.
• Faster Lesser maintenance
• Still costly
• A.C needed
• Consumed lesser electricity
• Support high level language
EXAMPLES
Some computers of this
generation are :
IBM-360 series
honeywell-6000 series
PDP(personal data processor)
IBM-370/168
TDC-316
PRESENTED
BY,
23093-CM-161
23093-CM-197
23093-CM-148

Technology_Consulting_Green_variant[1]

Uploaded by

Technology_Consulting_Green_variant[1]

Uploaded by

SUB NAME: Computer Fundamentals

SUB CODE : CM-

THE MAIN FEATURES OF FIRST GENERATION ARE :

Vacuum tube technology

Examples of the first generation

MAGNETIC CORE MEMORY

Examples of the second generation

THE MAIN FEATURES OF THIRD GENERATION ARE :

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