EEE-3104: Microprocessor and Interfacing Lab

Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

University of Dhaka

Prof. Sazzad M.S. Imran, PhD

sazzadmsi.webnode.com
&
Dr. Sakhawat Hussain
 Procedure
s
Set of program statements that can be processed independently.
Variable and labels defined in procedure are local.

General Form:
ProcedureName PROC [NEAR/FAR]
; save all registers that get modified using PUSH
…
; procedure codes
…
; Restore all registers that were saved in stack
; Return to calling program using RET instruction
ProcedureName ENDP

PROC  directive that indicates beginning of procedure.

ENDP  directive that indicates end of procedure.
Procedures must be defined within code segment only.
 Procedure
Procedure Call:
CALL 
s
transfer control to subprogram or procedure.
saves return address on stack.
two types  Intra-Segment or near call.
Inter-Segment or far call.

General Form:
CALL ProcedureName
 Procedure
Procedure Return: s
RET  transfer control from procedure back to calling procedure.
returns to main program instruction following CALL.
two types 
1) Near RET:
Transfer of control is within segment.
RET replaces IP with a word from top of stack.
IP = offset address of instruction following CALL.
SP = SP+2

2) Far RET:
RET instruction pops 2 words from stack
IP = offset address of instruction following CALL
CS = segment address of calling program.
 Procedure
Procedure Examples:
a) HEX2ASC PROC NEAR
s
b) MYCODE SEGMENT
… IFACT PROC FAR
; procedure code …
… ; procedure code
RET …
HEX2ASC ENDP RET
IFACT ENDP
Call to procedure: MYCODE ENDS
CALL HEX2ASC
Call to procedure:
CALL FAR PTR IFACT
 Programming with
General Form:
Macros
MacroName MACRO [Argument1, …, ArgumentN]
…
; Body of macro: Program text to be declared as
macro
…
ENDM

MACRO = beginning of macro.

ENDM = end of macro.
Body = definitions, declarations, or small part of codes.
Codes are substituted while translating them to machine code.

Invoking Macro:
MacroName Arguments
 Programming with
MACRO Example:
PrintString MACRO Macros
msg
mov ah, 09H ; AH=display string
function
mov dx, offset msg ; DX=offset of a data item msg
int 21H ; call DOS service
ENDM

Invoking Macro:
msg1 db ‘Hello everyone!$’
PrintString msg1

After assembling
mov ah, 09H
mov dx, offset msg1
int 21H
 Program Development
Tools
Program development
1) Text Editor 
tools include-
program created
source program with filename extension ASM.
DOS editor (EDIT), Visual editor (VI) etc.

2) Pre-Processor  translates source program to source file

macros resolved and header files included.
TASM, MASM, Borland C, Microsoft C.

3) Assembler  translates assembly language program to machine

language program.
source_file.ASM  object code with filename extension OBJ.
Borland’s TASM, Microsoft’s MASM etc.

4) Compiler  translates high level language program to equivalent object

code.
Borland or Microsoft compiler for C, Turbo Pascal etc.
 Program Development
5) Linker  Tools
combines relocatable object program modules and library functions
produce single executable file.
TLINK, LINK etc.

6) Loader  loads executable file into main memory for execution.

MS-DOS shell COMMAND.COM.

7) Debugger  allows execution of program in single step mode.

process of locating and correcting error.
Borland’s TD, Microsoft’s CV etc.

8) EXE to COM Converter  converts executable file (EXE) to command file

(COM).
Microsoft’s EXE2BIN, Borland’s Turbo linker
(TLINK/T) etc.

9) Library Builder  combines all program modules into single file.

Microsoft’s LIB, Borland’s TLIB etc.
Program
Development
1) Text editors  Source file (e.g.,
Process
HELLOA.ASM)
2) Assembler/compiler  Relocatable object file.
TASM HELLOA.ASM  HELLOA.OBJ.
3) Linker  Executable files.
TLINK HELLOA.OBJ  HELLOA.EXE
TLINK HELLOA  HELLOA.EXE
4) Program running  C> HELLOA
5) Program testing:
Errors in result  Program is debugged.
6) Program debugging:
Assembling: TASM /ZI HELLOA.ASM
Linking: TLINK /V HELLOA.OBJ
Output: HELLOA.EXE
Debugging: TD HELLOA
Microprocessor Lab Execution
Procedure
How to run MASM programming through DOSBox in Windows 10?
STEP-1: Download and install DOSBox on your PC.
STEP-2: Download and copy MASM folder on your PC.
STEP-3: Now open DOSBox and type-
mount d d:\MASM and press enter.
d: and press enter.
STEP-4: Type edit filename.asm and press enter.
Write your program and save the file.
[Alternately, use Notepad to edit program]
STEP-5: Now on DOSBox window type-
masm filename.asm; and press enter.
link filename.obj; and press enter.
filename.exe and press enter.

Emu8086  emulator to edit, assemble, debug and execute ALP.

 Problem: Read a single digit number from keyboard and display the number on
the screen.
(without macro,
Programming result initialized with 0)
Code:
_DATA segment mov ah, 01h
cr equ 0dh int 21h
lf equ 0ah
msg1 db 'Enter a single digit: ', mov si, offset result
'$' mov [si], al
msg2 db cr, lf, 'You have entered: inc si
$' mov al, ‘$’
result db 3 dup(0) mov [si], al
_DATA ends
mov ah, 09h
_CODE segment mov dx, offset msg2
assume cs: _CODE, ds: _DATA int 21h mov ah, 4ch
start: mov ax, _DATA mov al, 00h
mov ds, ax mov ah, 09h int 21h
mov dx, offset result _CODE ends
mov ah, 09h int 21h end start
mov dx, offset msg1
int 21h
 Problem: Read a single digit number from keyboard and display the number on
the screen.
(without macro,
Programming result initialized with ‘$’)
Code:
_DATA segment
cr equ 0dh
lf equ 0ah
msg1 db 'Enter a single digit: ', mov ah, 01h
'$' int 21h
msg2 db cr, lf, 'You have entered:
$' mov si, offset result
result db 3 dup(‘$’) mov [si], al
_DATA ends
mov ah, 09h
_CODE segment mov dx, offset msg2
assume cs: _CODE, ds: _DATA int 21h mov ah, 4ch
start: mov ax, _DATA mov al, 00h
mov ds, ax mov ah, 09h int 21h
mov dx, offset result _CODE ends
mov ah, 09h int 21h end start
mov dx, offset msg1
int 21h
 Problem: Read a single digit number from keyboard and display the number on
the screen.
(with macro, result
Programming Code: initialized with ‘$’)
printstring macro msg
mov ah, 09h
mov dx, offset msg
int 21h start: mov ax, _DATA
endm mov ds, ax

_DATA segment printstring msg1

cr equ 0dh
lf equ 0ah mov ah, 01h
msg1 db 'Enter a single digit: ', int 21h
'$'
msg2 db cr, lf, 'You have entered: mov si, offset result mov ah, 4ch
$' mov [si], al mov al, 00h
result db 3 dup(‘$’) int 21h
_DATA ends printstring msg2 _CODE ends
printstring result end start
_CODE segment
assume cs: _CODE, ds: _DATA