Course:

Full Stack Web

Development
Nimra Idrees
Topic: Node.js
Introduction

Node.js is an open-source,
cross-platform JavaScript Ryan Dahl developed it in 2009,
Developers use Node.js to
runtime environment and and its latest iteration, version
create server-side web
library for running web 15.14, was released in April
applications
applications outside the client's 2021.
browser.

Perfect for data-intensive Node.js is a runtime Built on the V8 JavaScript

applications since it uses an environment that allows engine from Chrome, which
asynchronous, event-driven JavaScript to be executed on compiles JavaScript into
model. the server side. efficient machine code.

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 Node.js operates on a single-threaded event-driven architecture, utilizing
an event loop to handle multiple concurrent operations without blocking.

When a client sends a request to a Node.js server, the request is added to

an event queue.

The event loop continuously checks this queue and processes each
request.

Working
If a request involves an I/O operation, Node.js offloads it to the system
kernel, which handles it asynchronously.

Once the I/O operation is complete, the kernel notifies Node.js, executing
the corresponding callback function.

This non-blocking I/O and event-driven model allows Node.js to handle

many simultaneous connections efficiently, making it ideal for building
scalable, high-performance network applications.

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 Execution Time Is Very Fast And It Runs Very
Quickly.

More than 50,000 bundles available in the

Node Package Manager

Why do we NodeJs do not need to wait for an API to

use Node.js return data

Loading time for an audio or video is

reduced by NodeJs

NodeJs is open-source and it is nothing but

a JavaScript framework
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Features of NodeJs
Architecture / Design – what is the difference
Asynchronous in Nature and Event driven

Single Threaded Architecture Scalable

Quick Execution Time for Code Compatibility on the Cross Platforms

No Buffering Uses JavaScript

Fast Data Streaming

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Is Node.js a Programming Language?

• Node.js is not a programming language; it is a runtime environment allowing you to execute

JavaScript code on the server side, outside a web browser. Built on the V8 JavaScript engine
from Chrome, Node.js compiles JavaScript into machine code for efficient execution. It extends
JavaScript capabilities by providing additional features and libraries for server-side
development, such as file system access, network communication, and asynchronous I/O
operations.

• While JavaScript is the programming language used with Node.js, the runtime environment
provides the tools and frameworks to build scalable and high-performance server applications.
Node.js’s non-blocking, event-driven architecture makes it ideal for real-time applications, web
servers, APIs, and more. In summary, Node.js is a robust environment that leverages
JavaScript to enable server-side programming, but it is not a programming language.

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Node.js Architecture

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Parts of Node.js

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Modules
• Modules are like JavaScript libraries that
can be used in a Node.js application to
include a set of functions.
• In order to include a module in a Node.js
application, use the require() function
with the parenthesis containing the
name of the module.

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Modules

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Console

• The console is a module that provides a

method for debugging that is similar to
the basic JavaScript console provided by
internet browsers. It prints messages to
stdout and stderr.

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Cluster
• Node.js is built-on on the
concept of single-threaded
programming. Cluster is a
module that allows multi-
threading by creating child
processes that share the
same server port and run
simultaneously.

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Global

Global objects in
Node.js are available
in all modules.
These objects are
functions, modules,
strings, etc.

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Error Handling

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Error Handling

• Errors in Node.js are handled through

exceptions. For example, let's handle the
error that would occur when we divide a
number by zero. This error would crash
the Node.js application, so we should
handle this error to continue with the
normal execution of the application.

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 Readable: These are the types of streams
from which data can be read

Writable: These are the types of streams

to which data can be written

Streaming
Duplex: These are both readable and
writable streams

Transform: Streams that can manipulate

the data while it is being read or written

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 Domain

External Binding:
Internal Binding: Error
Error emitter is
emitter executes its
explicitly added to a
code inside the run
domain via its add
method
method

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Buffer & DNS
Buffer is a module that allows the handling
of streams that contain only binary data. An
empty buffer of length '10' can be created by
this method:

DNS module is used to connect to a DNS

server and perform name resolution by
using the following method:

DNS module is also used for performing

name resolution without a network
communication by using the following
method:

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 Debugger
• Node.js includes a debugging utility that can be accessed by a
built-in debugging client.
• Node.js debugger is not feature-packed but supports the simple
inspection of code.
• The debugger can be used in the terminal by using the 'inspect'
keyword before the name of the JavaScript file.
• In order to inspect a file—myscript.js, for example—you can follow
this method:

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 Real-Time APIs and
Web Servers
Applications Microservices

Applications of Single-Page
Streaming Command-
Node.js Applications
Applications Line Tools
(SPAs)

Internet of
Things (IoT)

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 Node.js Use Cases

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 ‫!شکریہ‬
Thankyou