Problem Solving

PROBLEM
PROBLEM SOLVING
SOLVING
• Problem solving is considered as
the highest level of learning
DEFINITION
• It is defined as a teaching strategy which
provides opportunity to the students for
analyzing and solving a problem , on the
basis of the previous stock of their
knowledge enriched with the present means
available to them , quite independently by
following some systematic steps and arriving
at some basic conclusion or results to be
utilized in future for the solution of the
similar problems in identical situations..
ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESS-
PROCEDURE STEPS FOR
PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY
• Confrontation with the problem
• Describing and understanding the
problem
• Gathering relevant information or
data
• Analyzing the collected data or
information
Contd…
• Formulation of hypothesis
• Selection and testing of a proper
hypothesis
• Application of the accepted
hypothesis
ADVANTAGES OF PROBLEM SOLVING
• It makes the students to feel
confident in facing the problem
• It aids in the cognitive
development of student.
• It provides training in analyzing as
well as solving the new problems
Contd….
• It makes the student self reliant for
pursuing the learning activities with
their own independent efforts.
• Being a student centred approach,
it makes the task of learning quite
absorbing , interesting and
purposeful…
DRAW BACKS AND LIMITATIONS
• It is difficult to use problem solving
strategy for deriving specific
educational purposes.
• It requires independent roles on
the part of the students to find out
the solution of the problems.
Drawbacks,….
• The task of thinking about the
probable tentative solutions of
hypothesis is challenging one.
• It requires more preparation and
abilities on the part of teachers.
• It requires small number of
students with availability of proper
resources.
MAJOR APPROACHES IN
PROBLEM SOLVING
1. INDUCTIVE APPROACH
2. DEDUCTIVE APPROACH
3. ANALYTIC APPROACH
4. SYNTHETIC APPROACH.
5. ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS
INDUCTIVE APPROACH
• Here the child is able to reach the
generalization through the
observation of particular facts and
concrete examples.
An example of
inductive approach????
• All human beings are right handed
.
• Joe is a human being
• So Joe is ---------
Merits of inductive
approach
• It is easy to understand the concept
through a number of simple
examples.
• It is a logical method.
• It gives the opportunity of active
participation of students .
• It is based on active observation,
thinking and experimentation
merits {contd}
• It reduces dependence on
memorization , and home work.
• When a new rule is to be taught ,
inductive method is the best
approach
• It gives freedom from doubt and
helps in understanding.
Drawbacks of inductive
approach
• The discovery of formula or
general conclusion does not
complete the study of the topic.
• Inductive reasoning is not
absolutely conclusive.
• It is laborious and time consuming.
• At an advanced stage it is not
useful.
DEDUCTIVE METHOD
• The learner proceeds from general
to specific, abstract to concrete,
and formula to examples.
Merits of deductive
method
• It is short and time saving.
• During practice and revision
stage , deductive method is
adequate and advantageous.
• It removes the incompleteness
and inadequacy of inductive
method, when both are used
together.
Merits { contd}
• It improves memory.
• It enhances speed and efficiency
in solving problems.
Draw backs of
deductive method.
• It is difficult for a beginner to
understand an abstract formula.
• It requires memorization of a large
number of formulas.
• If the student forgets the
memorized formula ,it is difficult for
the student to recollect the
formula.
Drawbacks {contd}
• The students can not become
active learners
• It is not suitable for the
development of thinking,
reasoning and discovery.
ANALYSIS APPROACH
• It means the breaking up of the
problem in hand, so that it
ultimately gets connected with
something obvious or known to us.
CAN WE SOLVE A
PROBLEM???
• Danny , Charles, and Julie got math

exam score back, sum of score 150
. Charles scored 12 marks higher
than averages of three scores. Julie
scored 3 marks less than the
average . What was Danny’s score?
Merits in analytic
approach.
• It is a logical method.
• It is suitable for understanding and
discovery.
• The student is faced with
questions throughout , and thus
increase the power of thinking.
Drawbacks of analytic
approach
• It is a lengthy method.
• Difficult to acquire efficiency and
speed with this method.
• It may not be applicable to all
subjects.
SYNTHETIC APPROACH
• Synthesis is from known to
unknown .It begins with
SOMETHING ALREADY KNOWN
AND CONNECTS WITH THE
UNKNOWN PART OF THE
STATEMENT.
MERITS
• It gives a fine chance for the

student to think.
• The problem furnishes a natural
objective.
• Student learns to attack fresh
problems with the existing
knowledge.
Merits
• The problem can be given to
individuals as well as students.
• It develops initiative ness and
responsibility.
• The traits of open mindedness
helps the student to see many
sides of the problem.
Merits
• Good and cordial relationship
between the teacher and the
students are established.
• The problem can be adjusted
according to the needs of the
student.
LIMITATIONS
• IT CAN BECOME MONOTONOUS
• THE STUDENT CAN OVER ESTIMATE HIMSELF.
• IT CAN EASILY BECOME A SEMINAR METHOD…
ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS
• It is mainly to identify the root causes
of the problem.
Uses of root cause
analysis
• For continuous improvement.
• For incident management.
• Used for accident analysis and
occupational safety.
• Used in quality control measures.
CONCLUSION
Assignment
• Write about the teachers role in
problem solving..
References
• Neeraja K P “ TEXT BOOK OF
NURSING EDUCATION”
. www.google/ problem solving/

wikipedia.
Basavanthappa “ Nursing education”

Problem Solving

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Problem Solving

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PROBLEM

• Danny , Charles, and Julie got math

• It gives a fine chance for the

. www.google/ problem solving/

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