I-su

I-su
	Ōe-ka Luke Fildes só͘-ōe ê tô͘ "I-su" (Doctor)
Chit-gia̍p
Bêng-chheng	Physician, medical practitioner, medical doctor or simply doctor
Chit-gia̍p lūi-hêng	Tsuan-gia̍p lîn-sū
Oa̍h-tōng léng-e̍k	I-ha̍k, health care
Biâu-su̍t
Chit-gia̍p ki-lêng	Lûn-lí-ha̍k, Gē-su̍t kah i-ha̍k ê kho-ha̍k, analytical skills, kah critical thinking
Kàu-io̍k iau-kiû	MBBS, MD, MDCM, DO he̍k-chiá DPM
Chiū-gia̍p léng-e̍k	Chín-só͘, Pēⁿ-īⁿ
Siong-koan kang-chok	General practitioner; Family physician; Surgeon; I-ha̍k choan-kho i-su

I-su (i-seng, sensei; eng-gí: physician, medical practitioner, medical doctor, simply doctor; hàn-gí: 醫師; li̍t-pún-gí: 医師, 先生) chìn-chêng kiò-chò sen-sei he̍k-chiá i-siⁿ, tō sī teh-chò i-ha̍k gia̍p-bū ê choan-gia̍p lîn-sū. In ùi gián-si̍p, chín-toàn, ū-āu, tī-liâu kok-chióng pēⁿ-chèng, chhòng-siong, sin-sim siū-sún; tì-sú ē-sái chhiok-chìn, ûi-chhî, kah hoe-ho̍k kiān-khong. I-su khó-lêng ê-kah i-ê chip-gia̍p tiōng-tiám khǹg-teh te̍k-tēng ê pēⁿ-chèng lūi-pia̍t, pīⁿ-hoān lūi-hêng, kah tī-liâu hong-hoat téng-koân. Tō kah choan-kho i-su, ia̍h-sī khó-lêng hū-chek ûi-tio̍h kò-lîn, ka-têng, siā-khu thê-kiong liân-sòa-sèng kap choân-bīn-sèng ê i-liâu pó-kiān ho̍k-bū, tō sī it-poaⁿ-kho i-su.^[2] I-seng chit-ê sû lāi-té ê seng sī kah li̍t-gí lāi-té e sen-sei kāng-khoán, lóng sī chun-kèng ê chheng-ho͘.

Chù-kái

↑ In 1949, Fildes' painting The Doctor was used by the American Medical Association in a campaign against a proposal for nationalized medical care put forth by President Harry S. Truman. The image was used in posters and brochures along with the slogan, "Keep Politics Out of this Picture" implying that involvement of the government in medical care would negatively affect the quality of care. 65,000 Posters of The Doctor were displayed, which helped to raise public skepticism for the nationalized healthcare campaign.
↑ World Health Organization: Classifying health workers Archived 2020-11-15 at the Wayback Machine.. Source: Adapted from International Labour Organization, International Standard Classification of Occupations: ISCO-08 (www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco08/index.htm).

Iân-sin oa̍t-tho̍k

Bell, Whitfield J. "Medical practice in colonial America." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 31.5 (1957): 442-453 online.
Hamilton, Bernice. “The Medical Professions in the Eighteenth Century.” Economic History Review 4#2 1951, pp. 141–169. online in Britain
Holloway, Sydney WF. "Medical education in England, 1830–1858: A sociological analysis." History 49.167 (1964): 299-324. online
Keevil, John Joyce. Medicine and the Navy, 1200-1900 (4 vol E. & S. Livingstone, 1957) on Royal Navy
Porter, Roy. Disease, medicine and society in England, 1550-1860 (Cambridge University Press, 1995).