Imfundiso
Imfundiso (kusuka esiLatini: , okusho ukuthi "ukufundisa, ukufundiswa") ukuhlanganiswa kwezinkolelo noma indikimba yezimfundiso noma iziyalezo, izimiso ezifundisiwe noma izikhundla, njengengqikithi yezimfundiso egatsheni elithile lolwazi noma ohlelweni lwezinkolelo.I-etymological Greek analogue yi-"catechism".[1]
Ngokuvamile igama elithi imfundiso lisikisela ngokuqondile izindikimba zezimiso zenkolo njengoba zimenyezelwe yisonto.Imfundiso ingabuye ibhekisele esimisweni somthetho, emasikweni omthetho ovamile, asungulwe ngomlando wezinqumo ezedlule.
Ukusetshenziswa okungokwenkolo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Izibonelo zezimfundiso zenkolo zihlanganisa:
- Imfundiso yenkolo yobuKristu:
- Izimfundiso ezifana noZiqu-zintathu, ukuzalwa kwezintombi kanye nokubuyisana
- I-Salvation Army Handbook of Doctrine
- Ukuguqulwa kwesinkwa kanye nezimfundiso zikaMarian emfundisweni yenkolo yamaRoma Katolika. Umnyango weCuria yamaRoma obhekene nemibuzo yemfundiso ubizwa ngokuthi iBandla leMfundiso Yokholo.
- Imfundiso ehlukile kaCalvin yokunqunyelwa kusengaphambili "okabili"
- ISonto laseWeseli laseGreat Britain libhekisela "ezimfundisweni abashumayeli beSonto laseWeseli abathembiswa kuzo" njengezindinganiso zemfundiso[2]
- Enye Imfundiso YamaKristu
- I-Yuga kubuHindu
- Postulation or Syādvāda in Jainism
- Amaqiniso Amane Ahloniphekile KuBuddha
Ukusetshenziswa kwefilosofi
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- Izimfundiso Eziyinhloko ezingama-40 zika-Epicurus, ezine zokuqala ezakha i-Tetrapharmakos [ukucaphuna okudingekayo]
Isilinganiso senkolo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Ngokusho kwesazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu uMervin Verbit, imfundiso ingaqondwa njengenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zenkolo.Uhlukanisa imfundiso ngezigaba ezine: okuqukethwe, imvamisa (izinga elingathatha ngalo ingqondo yomuntu), ukuqina kanye nokubaluleka.Ngayinye yalezi ingahluka kusuka enkolweni eyodwa kuya kwenye, ngaphakathi kwalelo siko lenkolo.[3][4]
Ngalomqondo, imfundiso ifana ne- "belief" kaCharles Glock yenkolo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezempi
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Leli gama liphinde lisebenze emcabangweni wenqubo esunguliwe ekusebenzeni okuyinkimbinkimbi empini.Isibonelo esivamile yimfundiso yezindlela lapho kusetshenziswa khona isethi ejwayelekile yamaqhinga, izinhlobo zamasosha nezikhali njengendlela yokuzenzakalelayo yohlobo lokuhlasela.
Izibonelo zezimfundiso zempi zihlanganisa:
- Guerre de course
- Amaqhinga okushaya nokubaleka
- I-Mahanian yangasekupheleni kwe-19th kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama-20
- Imfundiso ye-Hanhunting, noma ukubhujiswa komuntu ngamunye okuqinisekisiwe
- Imfundiso kaReagan Yempi Yomshoshaphansi
- Ukushaqeka nokwesaba
- Impi ejulile yaseSoviet yeMpi Yezwe II
- Impi ye-Trench yeMpi Yezwe I
Cishe yonke inhlangano yezempi inemfundiso yayo, ngezinye izikhathi ebhaliwe, ngezinye izikhathi engabhalwanga.Ezinye izimfundiso zempi zidluliselwa ngezinhlelo zokuqeqesha.Muva nje, emisebenzini yesimanje yokugcina ukuthula, ebandakanya kokubili imisebenzi yomphakathi neyempi, izimfundiso ezibanzi kakhulu (hhayi nje ezempi) manje ziyavela njenge-2008 United Nations peacekeeping operations' "Capstone Doctrine" ekhuluma ngemisebenzi ehlanganisiwe yomphakathi nezempi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezepolitiki
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Ngokwencazelo, imfundiso yezepolitiki iyinqubomgomo, isikhundla noma isimiso esikhuthazwa, esifundiswe noma esisebenza mayelana nokuthola nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okubusa noma ukuphatha emphakathini.Igama elithi imfundiso yezepolitiki ngezinye izikhathi lihlonzwa ngokungeyikho nemibono yezepolitiki. Kodwa-ke, imfundiso ayinaso isici sokusebenza se-ideology.Ngokuyinhloko yinkulumo ecatshangelwayo, "ebhekisela kwisamba esihambisanayo sokugomela mayelana nokuthi isihloko esithile kufanele sibe yini" (Bernard Crick).Imfundiso yezepolitiki isekelwe kuqoqo lamagugu acaciswe ngokunengqondo, okungase kwandulele ukwakheka kobunikazi bezepolitiki ngokwabo. Ikhathalela ukuthambekela kwefilosofi ezingeni le-meta-theoretical.
Ukusetshenziswa okungokomthetho
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Imfundiso yezomthetho iyinhlangano yemithetho ehlobene (ngokuvamile yomthetho ovamile futhi eyakhiwe isikhathi eside) ehlobene nomqondo wezomthetho noma isimiso.Isibonelo, imfundiso yokukhungatheka kwenhloso manje inezivivinyo eziningi nemithetho esebenzayo maqondana nomunye futhi ingaqukethwe ngaphakathi "kwibhubhu" lokukhungatheka.Emhlanganweni wenkantolo ummangalelwa angabhekisela emfundisweni yokuthethelelwa.
Kungabonakala ukuthi igatsha lomthetho liqukethe izimfundiso ezahlukahlukene, nazo eziqukethe imithetho ehlukahlukene noma izivivinyo.Ukuhlolwa kokungenzeki kwesenzakalo esibalulekile kuyingxenye yemfundiso yokukhungatheka eyingxenye yomthetho wesivumelwano.Izimfundiso zingakhula zibe igatsha lomthetho; ukubuyiselwa kwemali manje kubhekwa njengegatsha lomthetho elihlukile esivumelwaneni nasekuhlukucaphuna okudingekayo]
Izikhombo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- ↑ Doctrine – Definition at WordIQ.com 2010
- ↑ Doctrine of the Methodist Church, accessed 25 may 2018
- ↑ Verbit, M. F. (1970). The components and dimensions of religious behavior: Toward a reconceptualization of religiosity. American mosaic, 24, 39.
- ↑ Küçükcan, T. (2010). Multidimensional Approach to Religion: a way of looking at religious phenomena. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 4(10), 60–70.