06°23′00″S 71°14′20″E / 6.38333°S 71.23889°E
Danger Island is the westernmost and the southernmost island of the Great Chagos Bank, which is the world's largest coral atoll structure, located in the Chagos Archipelago in the Indian Ocean.
Description
editIt is a 2 km (1.24 m) long and flat island with a maximum width of 400 m (1,312 ft), covered with tall coconut trees. Its name may derive from the lack of a safe anchorage, which rendered every visit to this island dangerous for the ship and crew.[1] A dangerous reef also extends about two to three miles south by west of the island, which at times the sea breaks on.[2] The closest land is Sea Cow Island, the southernmost of the Eagle Islands which lies 16 km (10 mi) to the NNE.[3]
History
editDanger Island was sighted by the French ship La Bouffonne in 1777. It was given its name by lieutenant Archibald Blair[4] during his 1786 survey of the Chagos archipelago. Blair described the island at the time: "At dawn of day saw Breakers bearing NE, distant about ½ Mile, which I found at daylight to extend from Danger Island [...] It is covered with thick Wood, and a few Coconut Trees near the Centre" [emphasis in original].[5]
There was never a permanent settlement on Danger Island, even at the time that the Chagos were inhabited (between the mid-18th and mid-20th centuries). However, occasionally plantation workers from other islands would be brought to this island to collect coconuts.
In 1975 there was an expedition to Danger Island by the Joint Services (JSDI). The expedition members were taken by RFA Resurgent to Eagle Islands and then by ketch and inflatable craft to Danger Island and to Three Brothers. The expedition made a topographical survey of the coral reef, an ecological survey of the corals on it and a study on the metabolism of the reef.[6] A reference collection of samples of the flora and fauna of the area was also undertaken.[7]
Following the Strict Nature Reserves Regulations issued on 18 September 1998, Danger Island, including its territorial waters and the reef surrounding, became a Strict Nature Reserve.[8][9]
Danger Island has also been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International. Birds for which the island is of conservation significance include red-footed boobies (3,500 breeding pairs) and brown noddies (11,000 pairs).[10]
The 2012 Chagos Trust expedition landed on the island with some difficulty: it was necessary to swim from an inflatable offshore, and due to the strong undertow, not all were able to land. Those who got ashore reported good tree cover including hardwood trees, especially Pisonia, and a healthy bird community. In the water they explored a shallow bank of seagrass, hoping, but without success, to find dugongs.[11] The 2015 expedition visited the island, landing by the same method but with less difficulty, and reported red-footed and brown Boobys and two species of crab: ghost and sally lightfoot. They also reported turtle tracks and nest, and, in the water, good fish populations and some coral recovery following widespread coral death the previous year.[12][13]
References
edit- ^ Indian Ocean Pilot
- ^ Blackie, Walker Graham, ed. (1856). "Danger Island". The Imperial Gazetteer. Vol. 2. Blackie & Son. p. 802.
- ^ British Admiralty nautical chart 11000030 - 3 Chagos Archipelago, Scale 1:360 000
- ^ The Oriental Navigator. London: Robert Laurie and James Whittle. 1794. p. 136.
- ^ Blair, Archibald (1788). Remarks and Observations in a Survey of the Chagos Archipelago. London: Dalrymple. pp. 16–17.
- ^ Baldwin, EA (ed.) (1975), A report on the Joint Services Expedition to Danger Island in the central Indian Ocean, December 1974 to April 1975 Ministry of Defence Publication, London
- ^ "Zoology collections - Natural History Museum". www.nhm.ac.uk.
- ^ "Terrestrial Protected Areas". British Indian Ocean Territory. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
- ^ "6: British Indian Ocean Territory" (PDF).
- ^ "Danger Island, Chagos Bank". Important Bird Areas factsheet. BirdLife International. 2012. Archived from the original on 2007-07-10. Retrieved 2012-10-21.
- ^ "February 2012 Expedition - Day 14 - Danger Island - Chagos Conservation Trust". chagos-trust.org.
- ^ "2015 Darwin Science Expedition - Day 23 - Danger Island Coral Gardens and Rubble Beds - Chagos Conservation Trust". chagos-trust.org.
- ^ "BIOT MPA Survey Expedition 2015 - Day 1 - Danger Island - Chagos Conservation Trust". chagos-trust.org.
External links
edit- Joint Services Expedition To Danger Island - (1975) commemorative postcard
- Chagos research papers and books
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