Duchy of Trakai (Lithuanian: Trakų Kunigaikštystė) was a subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the 14th and early 15th centuries.[1] The Duke of Trakai was an important position held either by the Grand Duke of Lithuania himself or his second-in-command.[1]
| Duchy of Trakai Trakų Kunigaikštystė (Lithuanian) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duchy of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania | |||||||||
| 1345–1413 | |||||||||
.svg) Coat of arms
| |||||||||
 Trakai Voivodeship (in red) in the 17th century | |||||||||
| Capital | Senieji Trakai, later Trakai | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established by Kęstutis | 1345 | ||||||||
| 1413 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
History
editAfter the demise of Gediminas in December 1337, the Duchy of Lithuania was divided into two parts: Grand Duke Algirdas ruled Vilnius and the Eastern Aukštaitija while his brother Kęstutis received the Duchy of Trakai.[1][2] The ruler of the Duchy of Vilnius also was the Grand Duke of Lithuania.[2][3]
Lithuanian Civil Wars
edit1381–1384
editIn 1382, during the Lithuanian Civil War, Kęstutis was imprisoned at the Kreva Castle and died. His nephew Skirgaila was named the new Duke of Trakai by his brother Grand Duke Jogaila.
1389–1392
editVytautas, son of Kęstutis, then waged a new Lithuanian Civil War to regain his patrimony in Trakai and seize power in Lithuania. The war was ended by the Ostrów Agreement on August 4, 1392. The agreement transferred the Duchy from Skirgaila to Vytautas.
Union of Horodło in 1413
editOn October 2, 1413, Vilnius and Trakai Voivodeships were created by the Union of Horodło from the Duchy of Trakai. The voivodeships were ruled by an appointed official and not by the dukes.
Geography
editOne could delineate the boundaries of the Duchy of Trakai by referring to the donative writ of Grand Duke Jogaila: from the Livonian border (Upytė) to Kobrynin (Masuria), and eastward from Podlesie to Pinsk. Naugardukas was still part of the Duchy of Trakai.
Dukes of Trakai
edit| Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kęstutis | 1 January 1297 – 1 January 1382 (aged 85) | 1337 | 1382 | First Duke of Trakai | Gediminids |  |
| Skirgaila | 1 January 1354 – 11 January 1397 (aged 43) | 1382 | 1392 | Speculated to have murdered Kęstutis. Skirgaila's death itself happened in unclear circumstances. | Gediminids |  |
| Vytautas the Great | 1 January 1350 – 27 October 1430 (aged 80) | 1392 | 1413 | Son of Kęstutis; cousin of Skirgaila | Gediminids |  |
References
edit- ^ a b c Gudavičius, Edvardas. "Trakų kunigaikštystė". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 2 November 2023.
- ^ a b Gudavičius, Edvardas. "Vilniaus kunigaikštystė". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 2 November 2023.
- ^ "Vilniaus istorija". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 2 November 2023.
Bibliography
edit- A. Prochaska, Codex Epistolaris Vitoldi, p. 3
- Memorandum of the Eastern and Southern Boundaries of Ethnographic Lithuania May 23, 1967