The chart below explains how Wikipedia represents Pashto pronunciations with the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Pashto phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Pashto.

Consonants
IPA Letter Usual romanization English approximation
NW NE SW SE
b
ب
b bed
d
د
d day
z d͡z
ځ
dz lads
d͡ʒ
ج
j jam
ɖ
ډ
day (retroflex)
f
ف
f fun
ɡ
ګ
g go
ɣ
غ
ğ, ǧ Spanish amigo
h
ه
ح
h hat
j
ي
y yes
k
ک
k king
l
ل
l left
m
م
m man
n
ن
n no
ŋ song
ɳ
ڼ
no (retroflex)
p
پ
p spit
q
ق
q cool (without voicing)
r
r run
ɺ, ɻ, ɽ
ړ
run (retroflex)
s
س
ث
ص
s see
ʃ
ش
š she
ç x ʂ ʃ
ښ
x̌, ṣ̌ she (retroflex)
t
ت
ط
t top
s t͡s
څ
c, ts cats
t͡ʃ
چ
č chin
ʈ
ټ
top (retroflex)
w
و
w win
x
خ
x Bach (German)
z
ز
ذ
ض
ظ
z zoo
ʒ d͡ʒ ʒ
ژ
ž pleasure
ʝ ɡ ʐ ʒ
ږ
ǵ, ẓ̌ pleasure (retroflex)
◌̃
ں
̃ , ń song
Marginal consonant
IPA Letter Usual romanization English approximation
ʔ
ع
ء
', ɂ water (glottalized)
Vowels
IPA Letter Usual romanization English approximation
a
َ
ه
a cat
ɑ
آ
َا
ā father
e
ې
e egg
ə
ٙ
ۀ
ə comma
ɪ
ِ
i eat
i
ِي
i, ī it
o
و
o story
ʊ
ُ
u cool
u
ُو
u, ū put
Diphthongss
IPA Letter Usual romanization English approximation
ai
َی
ay ice
ɑi
آی
َای
āy ice
əi
ٙۍ
ٙئ
əy face
aw
َو
aw loud
ɑw
آو
َاو
āw loud
وی
oy boy
ُوی
uy sweet
Stress
IPA Usual romanization English approximation
ˈ ´ about

See also

edit