The House of Flanders, also called the Baldwins (Latin: Balduini, French: Baudouinides), was a medieval ruling family of Frankish origin that was founded by Baldwin Iron Arm, son-in-law of Charles the Bald. The House of Flanders was the first dynasty to transform a county function of the Carolingian Empire into a hereditary fiefdom, the County of Flanders, falling under West Francia and the subsequent Kingdom of France, following the empire's partition acted by the Treaty of Verdun in 843.[1]
| House of Flanders | |
|---|---|
 Arms of the County of Flanders | |
| Country |  France Holy Roman Empire Jerusalem Latin Empire |
| Founded | 863 |
| Founder | Baldwin Iron Arm |
| Final ruler | Jerusalem: Baldwin I Boulogne: Matilda I Flanders: Margaret II |
| Titles | |
| Estate(s) | Flanders, Hainaut, Constantinople, Boulogne |
| Dissolution | 10 February 1280 |
| Cadet branches |
|
From 1051, the House of Flanders also reigned over the County of Hainaut in the Holy Roman Empire, with Baldwin I of Hainaut. In 1119, on the death of Baldwin VII, the family had a series of setbacks, but in 1191, the family recovered the title of Count of Flanders with Baldwin VIII (Baldwin V of Hainaut). The dynasty also established the Latin Empire of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade, and briefly ruled the County of Namur (1188–1212). The House of Flanders became extinct in 1280 with the death of Margaret II.
A separate cadet branch, the House of Boulogne, emerged in the 11th century and ruled over the County of Boulogne.[2] Members of this house joined the First Crusade, established the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and produced its first kings.
Genealogy
edit
Baldwin Iron Arm, Count of Flanders († 879)
- Baldwin II the Bald, Count of Flanders († 918)
- Arnulf I the Great, Count of Flanders († 965)
- Elftrude, born circa 932, married in 964 to
Siegfried, Count of Guînes († 965) - Hildegarde (934 † 990), married in 943 to
Dirk II, Count of Holland (930 † 988) - Egbert (937 † 953)
- Liutgarde (938 † 964), married in 950 to Wichmann IV, Count of Hamaland and Ghent.
- Baldwin III, Count of Flanders († 962)
- Arnulf II, Count of Flanders († 988)
- Mathilda († 995 or before)
- Baldwin IV the Bearded (v.980 † 1035), Count of Flanders († 1035)
- Baldwin V of Lille, Count of Flanders († 1067)
-
Baldwin VI the Good, (1030 - 1070), Count of Flanders and of Hainaut
- Arnulf III of Flanders (1055 † 1071), Count of Flanders and Hainaut
- Baldwin II of Hainaut (1056 † 1098), Count of Hainaut
- Baldwin III of Hainaut (1088 † 1120), Count of Hainaut
- Baldwin IV the Builder (1108 † 1171), Count of Hainaut
- Agnes of Hainaut, married
Ralph I, Lord of Coucy - Baldwin V of Hainaut (1150 † 1195), Count of Hainaut
- Isabella of Hainault (°1170- †1190), married
Philip II of France 
Baldwin VI of Hainaut (°1171- †1205), Count of Flanders and Hainaut, Latin Emperor of Constantinople
- Joan (1199-1200 † 1244), Countess of Flanders and of Hainaut
- Margaret II (c. 1202 † 1280), Countess of Flanders and of Hainaut
- Yolanda (°1175- †1219), married Peter II of Courtenay, Latin Emperor of Constantinople
Philip the Noble, Marquis of Namur (°1175- †1212)- Henry (°1176- †1216), Latin Emperor of Constantinople
- Sybille (°1179- †1217), married to
Guichard IV, Sire of Beaujeu 
Eustace (†1217), regent of the Kingdom of Thessalonica
- Isabella of Hainault (°1170- †1190), married
- Agnes of Hainaut, married
- Matilda (1032 - 1083), married in 1053 to
William the Conqueror - Robert the Frisian, (1033 - 1093), Count of Flanders from 1071 to 1093
- Robert II, Count of Flanders from 1093 to 1111
- Baldwin VII (1093-1119), Count of Flanders
- Guillaume (1094-1109)
- Philip (1095-) (died young)
- Adela of Flanders († 1115), married firstly
Canute IV of Denmark. Married secondly 
Roger Borsa, Duke of Apulia.
- Charles I, Count of Flanders (1084 – 1127)
- Gertrude (1080 - † 1117), married to Henry III († 1095) Count of Louvain and Brussels, then in 1096 to Theodoric II, Duke of Lorraine († 1115).
- Philip of Loo, whose illegitimate son William of Ypres was a claimant to the county of Flanders.
- Ogive, abbess of Mesen.
- Judith of Flanders, Countess of Northumbria (1037 † 1094), married in 1058 to Tostig Godwinson († 1066), Earl of Northumbria, then in 1071 to Welf I, Duke of Bavaria († 1101)
- Elftrude, born circa 932, married in 964 to
Adelolf († 933), Count of Boulogne
- Arnulf II († 971), Count of Boulogne
- Arnulf III († 990), Count of Boulogne
- Baldwin II († 1025), Count of Boulogne
- Eustace I (v. 995 † 1049), Count of Boulogne
- Eustace II († 1087), Count of Boulogne
- Eustace III, Count of Boulogne (1056 † 1125)
- Matilda I, Countess of Boulogne (1105 † 1152), married in 1125 to Stephen of England
- Godfrey of Bouillon (1058 † 1099), Duke of Lower Lorraine, a leader of the First Crusade and "Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre"
Baldwin I of Jerusalem (1065 † 1118), accompanied his brother to the Holy Land, became Count of Edessa and then King of Jerusalem
- Godfrey († 1095), Bishop of Paris
- Lambert II, Count of Lens († 1054)
- Gerberge († 1049), married Frederick, Duke of Lower Lorraine (1003 † 1065)
- Arnulf IV, Count of Ternois
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Family tree
editThis is a family tree of the Counts of Flanders, from 864 to 1792, when the county of Flanders was annexed by France after the French Revolution.
| House of Flanders | House of Estridsen | Baldwin I 830s–879 r. 862-879 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| House of Normandy | House of Alsace | Baldwin II 865-918 r. 879-918 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| House of Savoy | House of Dampierre | Arnulf I 890–965 r. 918-965 | Adelolf Count of Boulogne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| House of Capet | House of Habsburg | Baldwin III 940–962 co-r. 958-962 | Arnulf II Count of Boulogne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| House of Lorraine | Arnulf II 960–987 r. 965-987 | Arnoulf III Count of Boulogne | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Baldwin IV 980–1035 r. 987-1035 | Balduin II Count of Boulogne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Baldwin V 1012–1067 r. 1035-1067 | Eustace I Count of Boulogne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Baldwin VI 1030–1070 r. 1067-1070 | Robert I 1032-1093 r. 1071-1093 | Matilda Queen of England 1031-1083 | Eustace II Count of Boulogne | Lambert Count of Lens | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arnulf III 1055–1071 r. 1070-1071 | Baldwin II, Count of Hainaut 1056-1098 | Robert II 1065-1111 r. 1093-1111 | Adela Queen of Denmark 1064-1115 | Gertrude, Duchess of Lorraine 1080-1117 | Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy 1054-1134 | Eustace III Count of Boulogne | Godfrey Ruler of Jerusalem | Baldwin I King of Jerusalem | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Baldwin III, Count of Hainaut 1088-1120 | Baldwin VII 1093-1119 r. 1111-1119 | Charles I 1083-1127 r. 1119-1127 | Theodoric 1099-1168 r. 1128-1168 | William 1102-1128 r. 1127-1128 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut 1108–1171 | Philip I 1143-1191 r. 1168-1191 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Baldwin VIII 1150-1195 r. 1191-1194 | Margaret I 1145-1194 r. 1191-1194 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Baldwin IX 1172-1205 r. 1194-1205 | Philip I Margrave of Namur | Henry Latin Emperor of Constantinople | Eustace Regent of kingdom of Tessalonica | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ferdinand 1188-1233 r. 1212-1233 | Joan 1194-1244 r. 1205-1244 | Thomas 1199-1259 r. 1237-1244 | Margaret II 1202-1280 r. 1244-1278 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guy 1226-1305 r. 1278-1305 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Robert III 1249-1322 r. 1305-1322 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Louis I, Count of Rethel 1272-1322 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Louis I 1304-1346 r. 1322-1346 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Louis II 1330–1384 r. 1346-1384 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Philip II 1342-1404 r. 1384-1404 | Margaret III 1350–1405 r. 1384-1405 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| John I 1371–1419 r. 1405-1419 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Philip III 1396–1467 r. 1419-1467 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Charles II 1433–1477 r. 1467-1477 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maximilian 1459-1519 r. 1477-1482 | Mary 1457–1482 r. 1477-1482 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Philip IV 1478–1506 r. 1482-1506 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Charles III 1500–1558 r. 1506-1555 | Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor 1503-1564 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Philip V 1527–1598 r. 1555-1598 | Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor 1527-1576 | Charles II, Archduke of Austria 1540-1590 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Philip III, King of Spain 1578-1621 | Isabella Clara Eugenia 1566-1633 r. 1598-1621 | Albert 1559–1621 r. 1598-1621 | Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor 1578-1637 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Philip VI 1605-1665 r. 1621-1665 | Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress 1606-1646 | Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor 1608-1657 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maria Theresa Queen of France 1638-1683 | Charles IV 1661-1700 r. 1665-1700 | Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor 1640-1705 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Louis, Grand Dauphin 1661-1711 | Charles V 1685-1740 r. 1713-1740 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Philip VII 1683-1746 r. 1700-1713 | Francis I 1708-1765 r. 1740-1765 | Maria Theresa 1717-1780 r. 1740-1780 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Joseph 1741-1790 r. 1765-1790 | Leopold 1747-1792 r. 1790-1792 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Francis II 1768-1835 r. 1792-1793 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arms
editArms of the House of Flanders
Count of Flanders (attributed)
Count of Flanders
Count of Hainaut (Ancient)
Latin Emperor of Constantinople
Arms of the House of Boulogne
Count of Boulogne
King of Jerusalem
References
edit- ^ Le Glay, Edward (1814-1894) Auteur du texte (1843). Histoire des comtes de Flandre jusqu'à l'avènement de la maison de Bourgogne. 2 / par Edward Le Glay,...
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Heather J. Tanner, The Expansion of the Power and Influence of the Counts of Boulogne under Eustace II', Anglo-Norman Studies XIV: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1991, Ed. Marjorie Chibnall (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, UK, 1992), p. 251