Joseph Lister Holmes (July 6, 1891 – July 18, 1986) was an American architect active in Seattle. After studying Beaux-Arts architecture at the University of Pennsylvania in the early 1910s, he worked at various architectural firms in Philadelphia, Montana, and Seattle before founding a private practice in 1922. He designed a variety of revivalist houses during the 1920s and 1930s, including examples in the Tudor Revival, Châteauesque, Norman, and Colonial Revival styles.
J. Lister Holmes | |
|---|---|
 Holmes in the 1920s | |
| Born | Joseph Lister Holmes July 6, 1891 Seattle, Washington, United States |
| Died | July 18, 1986 (aged 95) Seattle, Washington, United States |
| Education | University of Washington, University of Pennsylvania |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Years active | 1913–1970 |
Beginning in the mid-1930s, Holmes began to shift towards a modernist aesthetic, strongly influenced by the International Style and what would become the Northwest Regional style. After his well-received modernist Dessau House (built 1937–1939), he was commissioned to design the Washington State Pavilion at the 1939 New York World's Fair alongside Victor N. J. Jones and Carl Frelinghuysen Gould. From 1940 to 1943 he was the lead architect of Yesler Terrace, the first major public housing project in Seattle. During World War II, he designed various residential structures for military use; work for the military continued postwar, when he coordinated a redevelopment plan for Fort Lewis. In his later years, he gradually shifted away from housing projects towards designing offices and sorting facilities for the United Parcel Service, with his last commission in 1968–1970.
Biography
editOn July 6, 1891, Joseph Lister Holmes was born in Seattle, Washington, to physician Samuel J. Holmes and his wife Alice Lennox Holmes, the second of their two children.[1] He studied civil engineering at the University of Washington from 1909 to 1911, before transferring to the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. While at Penn, he focused on Beaux-Arts architecture under Professor Paul Philippe Cret. He was a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity. He received his Bachelor of Science in 1913, and worked for a brief period at various architectural offices in Philadelphia.[1][2]
He returned to Seattle to work as a draftsman for architect Édouard Frère Champney from 1914 to 1917. After this, he began work for Link & Haire, a regional architectural firm based in Lewistown, Montana. In 1920, Holmes again returned home to Seattle to work at various prominent firms, including Bebb & Gould; Schack, Young, and Myers; and the office of B. Marcus Priteca.[1][2] After a number of successful home designs he began independent work in 1922. His initial commissions comprised private residences built in a variety of historical styles. In 1923–1925 he designed the J. N. Donovan House in Bellingham, Washington, based on Spanish Colonial Revival architecture, including a red-tile roof and white stucco. During the 1920s and early 1930s, he designed houses in a Tudor style in Seattle and Beaverton, Oregon. Many of his homes were based off 18th-century French château and Norman Style architecture, including his own home constructed in Madison Park, Seattle, from 1928 to 1930, alongside grand mansions such as the Bloedel Reserve on Bainbridge Island.[3] In 1927 he designed the West Coast Woods Model Home in Portland, Oregon, along with Otho McCracken.[4]
By the mid-1930s, American architecture had begun to shift away from Beaux-Arts towards modernist modes such as the International Style. After a 1936 Colonial Revival project in Seattle, Holmes generally moved to a new aesthetic which combined the International Style with elements of what would become the Northwest Regional style. He described his Dessau House (built 1937–1939) as "a cross between Modern and Japanese, which has many of the elements of Modern in it."[3] Thanks to positive press from the Dessau House, he was tasked to design the Washington State Pavilion at the 1939 New York World's Fair with Victor N. J. Jones and Carl Frelinghuysen Gould.[3] In 1937, he partnered with the Philadelphia firm Mellor, Meigs & Howe to design a Tudor Revival house for Phi Gamma Delta in the University District.[5]
In 1940, he was tasked by the Seattle Housing Authority to serve as the chief architect of the Yesler Terrace development, the first racially-integrated public housing development in the United States.[6][7] During World War II, he directed architects in the defense housing commissions at Gatewood Heights and Seward Park, as well as the Rainier Vista School in Seattle. He returned to private practice after the war, spending the first few years designing bank branch locations. Although still incorporating northwest regional styles in works such as the Rubinstein House (constructed 1945–1947), he moved towards an increasingly "pure" modernist aesthetic over the course of the late 1940s in civic designs such as the Seattle Public Schools Administration Building and Catharine Blaine Junior High School.[7]
Holmes joined the Seattle Planning Commission in 1947, serving as its chairman from 1948 to 1950 before leaving the body in 1955. Additionally, he served on the national board of the American Society of Planning Officials from 1948 to 1951. His interest and experience in urban planning led to him directing the Fort Lewis Peacetime Development Master Plan from 1950 to 1952, which oversaw redevelopments in commercial, residential, and transport infrastructure at Fort Lewis.[7] From 1953 to 1954, he briefly joined with three associates to create the firm Holmes, McClure, Adkison, and MacDonald, but returned to doing business under the title of "J. Lister Holmes and Associates" by 1955.[1]
He gradually reduced his workload over the course of the 1950s and 1960s. His last major project was a series of United Parcel Service (UPS) distribution centers across the west coast during this period, alongside the design of the UPS headquarters in 1956. His UPS distribution center in Seattle (constructed 1950–1951) incorporated features such as modular design components and a thin-shell concrete roof designed by Jack Christiansen.[7]
Personal life
editHolmes was a member of the Washington chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) from 1926 until his death, becoming a fellow of the institute in 1955. He served as president of the Washington State chapter of the AIA from 1931 to 1933, after previously serving as its secretary and vice-president. From 1927 to 1930, he was a member of the Seattle Fine Arts Society and the Seattle Art Museum Board.[1] He was a member of the College Club of Seattle during the 1930s.[1] In December 1917, he married Jane Ingram Lambuth. Jane died in 1975, and Holmes remarried to Janet Powell Tourtellotte the following year. Holmes died on July 18, 1986, in Seattle.[7]
Works
edit| Name | Location | Date | Style | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| J. N. Donovan House | Bellingham, Washington | 1923–1925 | Spanish Colonial Revival | [2] |
| Rainier Golf and Country Club Clubhouse (addition) | 1856 South 112th Street, Seattle, Washington | 1922 | - | [1] |
| Lorraine Hotel | 2327 2nd Avenue, Belltown, Seattle | 1925 | - | [1] |
| O. W. Fisher Jr. House | 3414 East Shore Drive, Broadmoor, Seattle, Washington | 1926 | Châteauesque | [2][1] |
| Harry Lawton House | Seattle, Washington | 1926–1927 | Tudor revival | [2] |
| West Coast Woods Model Home | 7211 N Fowler Avenue, Portland, Oregon | 1927 | "country cottage" | [4] |
| Haslund House | Magnolia, Seattle, Washington | 1929 | - | [1] |
| Sovereign Apartments | 1317 Boren Avenue, First Hill, Seattle, Washington | 1920s | - | [1] |
| Dorchester Hotel | 1007 Pike Street, Downtown Seattle, Washington | Late 1920s | - | [1] |
| Phi Gamma Delta House | 5404 17th Ave NE., University District, Seattle, Washington | 1937 | Tudor revival | [5] |
| Holmes House | 615 36th Ave E., Madison Park, Seattle, Washington | 1928–1930 | Norman style | [8][9] |
| Collinswood | Bloedel Reserve, Bainbridge Island, Washington | 1930–1932 | Châteauesque | [8] |
| Phil Polsky House | Beaverton, Oregon | 1932–1933 | Tudor revival | [2] |
| Jones House | Seattle, Washington | 1936 | Colonial Revival | [8] |
| Baillargeon House | Seattle, Washington | 1936–1937 | Châteauesque | [8] |
| Wiener Dental Clinic | Seattle, Washington | 1936 | International Style | [8] |
| Fairwest Lithocraft Building | 3rd Ave & Wall St., Denny Triangle, Seattle, Washington | 1937 | Modernist | [10] |
| Dessau House | The Highlands, Shoreline, Washington | 1937–1939 | International Style, Northwest Regional | [8] |
| Washington State Pavilion | Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, New York City | 1938–1939 | - | [8] |
| Coulon House | Seattle, Washington | 1939–1940 | International Style, Northwest Regional | [8] |
| 433 Lake Washington Boulevard E. House | Denny-Blaine, Seattle, Washington | 1941 | Modernist | [1][11] |
| Yesler Terrace | Yesler Terrace, Seattle, Washington | 1940–1943 | Modernist | [8][12] |
| Rainier Vista School | Seattle, Washington | 1942–1943 | - | [8] |
| Louis Casserd House | 433 Lake Washington Boulevard, Madrona, Seattle, Washington | 1945–1946 | - | [1] |
| Industrial Branch of Seattle First National Bank, Seattle | Seattle, Washington | 1945–1947 | - | [8] |
| Rubinstein House | Seattle, Washington | 1945–1947 | International Style, Northwest Regional | [8] |
| Harvard Square Medical & Dental Clinic | Seattle, Washington | 1946–1947 | Modernist | [8] |
| Seattle Public Schools Administration Building | 815 Fourth Ave N., Queen Anne, Seattle, Washington | 1946–1948 | Modernist | [13][14] |
| Ida Culver House | Seattle, Washington | 1948–1949 | Modernist | [15] |
| Catharine Blaine Junior High School | 2550 34th Ave W., Magnolia, Seattle, Washington | 1949–1952 | Modernist | [15][16] |
| UPS Sorting Building | Seattle, Washington | 1950–1951 | Modernist | [17] |
| UPS Sorting Building | Pasadena, California | 1951–1952 | - | [18] |
| UPS Sorting Building | San Diego, California | 1951–1952 | - | [18] |
| UPS Headquarters | Los Angeles, California | 1956 | - | [18] |
| Museum of History & Industry (addition) | 2161 E. Hamlin St., Montlake, Seattle, Washington | 1961 | - | [19] |
| UPS Sorting Building | San Francisco, California | 1962–1963 | - | [18] |
| UPS Sorting Building | Los Angeles, California | 1965 | - | [18] |
| UPS Complex | Seattle, Washington | 1968–1970 | - | [18] |
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n PCAD.
- ^ a b c d e f Dietz 2014, p. 248.
- ^ a b c Dietz 2014, pp. 248–249.
- ^ a b NRHP 2002, pp. 8–9, 24.
- ^ a b Woodbridge & Montgomery 1980, p. 211.
- ^ PCAD 2.
- ^ a b c d e Dietz 2014, pp. 249–251.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Dietz 2014, p. 249.
- ^ Woodbridge & Montgomery 1980, p. 176.
- ^ Woodbridge & Montgomery 1980, p. 141.
- ^ Woodbridge & Montgomery 1980, p. 178.
- ^ Woodbridge & Montgomery 1980, p. 149.
- ^ Dietz 2014, pp. 249–250.
- ^ Woodbridge & Montgomery 1980, p. 195.
- ^ a b Dietz 2014, p. 250.
- ^ Woodbridge & Montgomery 1980, p. 201.
- ^ Dietz 2014, p. 253.
- ^ a b c d e f Dietz 2014, p. 251.
- ^ Woodbridge & Montgomery 1980, p. 172.
Bibliography
edit- Dietz, Duane A. (2014). "J. Lister Holmes". In Ochsner, Jeffery Karl (ed.). Shaping Seattle Architecture: A Historical Guide to the Architects (2nd ed.). Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 9780295806891. JSTOR j.ctvcwnd1m.
- Michelson, Alan (2005–2024). "Joseph Lister Holmes Sr". Pacific Coast Architecture Database. University of Washington.
- Michelson, Alan (2005–2024). "Seattle Housing Authority (SHA), Yesler Terrace Public Housing Project". Pacific Coast Architecture Database. University of Washington. Retrieved August 16, 2024.
- Woodbridge, Sally B.; Montgomery, Roger (1980). A Guide to Architecture in Washington State. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
- National Registry of Historic Places Nomination Form: West Coast Woods Model Home (Report). National Park Service. 2002.