Schouten Island (formerly Schouten's Isle[2]), part of the Schouten Island Group, is an island with an area of approximately 28 square kilometres (11 sq mi) lying close to the eastern coast of Tasmania, Australia, located 1.6 kilometres (0.99 mi) south of the Freycinet Peninsula[3] and is a part of Freycinet National Park. The palawa kani place name for the island is mayaluwarana.[4]
Schouten's Isle | |
|---|---|
 Map of Schouten Island | |
  Schouten Island (Tiggana marraboona) Location of Schouten Island in Tasmania | |
| Etymology | In honour of Joost Schouten, a member of the Council of the Dutch East India Company; named in 1642 by Abel Tasman. |
| Geography | |
| Location | East coast of Tasmania |
| Coordinates | 42°18′36″S 148°16′12″E / 42.31000°S 148.27000°E[1] |
| Archipelago | Schouten Island Group |
| Adjacent to | Tasman Sea |
| Area | 28 km2 (11 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 400 m (1300 ft) |
| Highest point | Mount Storey |
| Administration | |
Australia | |
| State | Tasmania |
| Local government area | Glamorgan Spring Bay Council |
| Additional information | |
| Time zone | |
| • Summer (DST) | |
| Freycinet National Park | |
The locality of Schouten Island is in the local government area of Glamorgan–Spring Bay in the South-east region of Tasmania.[5]
History
editSchouten Island lies within the territory of the Oyster Bay tribe of Tasmanian Aborigines and kitchen middens indicates Indigenous tribes inhabited the island prior to European settlement.[6][7] In 1642, while surveying the south-west coast of Tasmania, Abel Tasman named the island after Joost Schouten, a member of the Council of the Dutch East India Company.[8]
Members of the Baudin expedition landed on Schouten in 1802. In the early 19th century, sealers were active in the area and are known to have visited the island.[9] Shore-based whaling stations operated on the island in the 1830s and 1840s at five different locations.[10] The discovery of coal on the island in 1809 by a sealer, John Stacey led to between 1842 and 1925, several phases of coal and tin mining, where in 1880 a small number of Chinese men worked the ground for tin.[6] Stacey found that 200 to 300 hectares (490 to 740 acres) of land could be suitable for cultivation. Plans to use convict labour to mine coal on the island in the 1840s were never realised.[3] From 1850 Schouten was used for grazing sheep, with grazing leases only expiring in 1969.[7][11]
Topography and geology
edit
Schouten is a rugged island with the highest point, Mount Storey, 400 metres (1,300 ft) above sea level. It is surrounded by cliffs, broken by sheltered bays. A north-south fault line divides the island where the eastern part of the island is composed of granite while the western part is dolerite overlying sedimentary and supergroup rocks.[11]
Flora and fauna
editThe natural vegetation of the island is dominated by eucalypt forest on the dolerite soils in the west, and by scrubland, heathland and sedgeland communities on the granitic soils of the east. Areas associated with previous human disturbance, such as clearing, grazing and frequent burning, are dominated by grasses and herbs.[11]
Little penguins and short-tailed shearwaters breed on the island, along with other bird species such as the Tasmanian nativehen. Australian fur seals haul out on the eastern side.[11] Reptiles present include the Tasmanian tree skink, she-oak skink, southern grass skink and three-lined skink.[7]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Schouten Island, Tasmania (Islands & Reefs)". Gazetteer of Australia online. Geoscience Australia, Australian Government. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
- ^ "Chart of Van Dieman's Land. Map T358" (Map). Digital Maps Collection. National Library of Australia. 1826. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
- ^ a b Bacon, C. A; Corbett, K. D (10 August 1984). "The Schouten Island Coalfield" (PDF). Mineral Resources Tasmania, Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources. Tasmanian Government. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
- ^ "palawa kani place names map". Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre.
- ^ "Placenames Tasmania – Schouten Island". Placenames Tasmania. Select “Search”, enter "43790C", click “Search”, select row, map is displayed, click “Details”. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ a b Hughes, T. D (1 January 1959). "Schouten Island" (PDF). Mineral Resources Tasmania, Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources. Tasmanian Government. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
- ^ a b c Freycinet National Park, Wye River State Reserve, Management Plan (PDF). Hobart. 2000. ISBN 978-0-7246-2130-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2008.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "East Coast Islands - Schouten Island Group". Tasmanian Government, Discover Tasmania. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
- ^ Parry Kostoglou, Sealing in Tasmania Historical Research Project, Parks and Wildlife Service, Hobart, 1996, p.74-5.
- ^ Nash, Michael (2003). The bay whalers;Tasmania's shore-based whaling industry (First ed.). Canberra. pp. 156–8. ISBN 978-0958656191.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c d Brothers, Nigel; Pemberton, David; Pryor, Helen; Halley, Vanessa (2001). Tasmania's Offshore Islands: seabirds and other natural features. Hobart: Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. pp. 414–6. ISBN 978-0-7246-4816-0.
Further reading
edit- "Wineglass Bay, Coles Bay and the Freycinet Peninsular, Tasmania". Freycinet Association Incorporated. Retrieved 15 July 2008.