CoronalMassAffection

Ellerman Bombs

Hi there, I think that this page could use an update and hoped that maybe you could help as I am quite entrenched in this topic at the moment and do not really know how deep is deep enough/too deep. So I summarize some key points and sources below which I think should be there. As far as I know there are no public domain images of them, but I have a student working on this topic who is finishing her thesis, and we will share some of those images once it is out.

This is the kind of holy grail paper: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPhCS.440a2007R/abstract

Key points:

• Ellerman called them Hydrogen bombs (awkward), and they were rediscovered by Severny in 1956, and were named Severny Moustaches after him, due to their shape in the spectrum.

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1956Obs....76..241S/abstract They are also known as IRIS bombs when discussed in the magnesium h&k lines, as those are observed in the IRIS satelite, after https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Sci...346C.315P/abstract.

• There is good agreement that they are small scale reconnection events that happen in the high photosphere. There are many papers about this, but IMO there are two thesi that summarize it very well. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1295682&dswid=-2509 (starting at pp71) and https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/37409 (starting at pp18) They discuss the reconnection mechanisms, and also what lines the EBs are visible in. (I think that the table on PP79 of the first thesis would be good to add for example)

• Their lifetime is around 2 minutes on average, but can last much longer due to continuous/repeating reconnection taking place https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019A%26A...626A...4V/abstract

• They tend to appear near active regions, and are in fact an indicator of flux emergence, and can occur in the quiet sun as quiet sun ellerman bombs.

This one again: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPhCS.440a2007R/abstract

• Anekdote if relevant, the name has been a bit controversial in the field, and Rob Rutten has once been stopped at an airport after they found papers on bombs and hydrogen bombs on his laptop. He did not get arrested, but it took a while before he got his computer back. There is no movement trying to change the name, but people tend to complain about it.

Synethos (talk) 15:22, 2 December 2023 (UTC)

Hi @Synethos: I can totally help out. I should have some time after the new year. I rewrote the lead sentence a little over two years ago referencing Georgoulis et al 2002, and I have been meaning to add more since then. Thanks for sharing those papers. CoronalMassAffection (talk) 12:05, 10 December 2023 (UTC)

Hi @CoronalMassAffection, glad to see that these are useful! I think that a lot of stuff can be improved on 'solar wiki', and will try to help out. :) I hope to make a page on surges soonish. Synethos (talk) 13:09, 2 January 2024 (UTC)

Surges

This topic was split off from § Ellerman Bombs, above.

Hey again @Synethos: I definitely agree that there is a lot to be improved. Regarding surges, I recently created the Solar jet stub article which I intend to have cover jet-like phenomena such as X-ray jets, H-alpha surges, macrospicules, etc. I have thought about how they all should be handled, and I think it would be the most appropriate to have them all together in one article since they are very similar and have been covered as one phenomenon in recent literature (for example, Moore et al 2010 and Shen 2021). A quote from Shen 2021:

"This review mainly focuses on bigger solar jets, including surges, coronal jets and macro-spicules. Although these jet activities are observed at different scales and temperature ranges, they can be viewed as the same type of solar jets owing to their similar observational characteristics and generation mechanism, i.e. magnetic reconnection-dominated jet-like activities with an inverted-Y structure. For smaller, lower-energy jet-like activities such as spicules and dynamic fibrils, their generation mechanisms are still open questions."

I think there would be a lot of overlap if there were to be separate articles, but maybe such an approach would be better. I would appreciate your thoughts on this. CoronalMassAffection (talk) 15:00, 2 January 2024 (UTC)

Also, using a similar line of reasoning, I think Moreton waves and EUV waves (the latter page currently redirects to the Moreton wave article; see this abandoned draft by another user) should also be covered together in one article. CoronalMassAffection (talk) 15:02, 2 January 2024 (UTC)

I think that it is a good way to start, eventually maybe these things could be split but for now its probably fine to keep them like this.

As for some more articles, one of mine discusses the density of them. Also the intro is a good place for some general info on surges, as I tend to go overboard on these things.

https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2022/03/aa42346-21/aa42346-21.html

I'm not super well versed in moreton waves and EVU, but a dataset that I hope to get soon might have one so I will be reading up. Will post relevant papers once I know them. :)

Let me know if you'd want some help with any of the pages, or the stuff I described in the above/below topics. Synethos (talk) 16:28, 24 March 2024 (UTC)

@Synethos Thanks again :) I will let you know if I encounter any problems. I will hopefully be able to spend some time on this during the summer. CoronalMassAffection 𝛿 ^talk_contribs 17:07, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

Hi, not quite surge related but I recently got a paper out on flare ribbon structure including some new features. Do you think that these would be worth a mention on te flare page? All images are open source so that might also help. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2024/05/aa48839-23/aa48839-23.html Synethos (talk) 22:15, 30 September 2024 (UTC)

Hey @Synethos, I think it would be worth adding. I have not had much time to work on Wikipedia recently, but I hope to dedicate some time this October. I have had a draft of the solar flare article saved locally which I hope to finish and upload sometime in October. I have done some very major restructuring to the initial sections and subsections, and I have added a subsection on flare ribbons, which this paper should be helpful for. Thanks for letting me know. CoronalMassAffection (talk) 22:57, 30 September 2024 (UTC)

Glad to hear, let me know if you need any help. :) Synethos (talk) 14:10, 22 October 2024 (UTC)

Limbdarkening

Hi, another topic that could use a little polish I think is limb darkening. I think that this figure from my paper would be nice to have there. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A%26A...672L...6P/abstract

Together with an explanation of mu, which is the cosine of the emission angle with respect to the observer. https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/40656/how-to-calculate-the-limb-darkening-mu-value#:~:text=Mu%20will%20be%201%20if,used%20to%20describe%20limb%20darkening. It is defined as $\mu ={\sqrt {1-\left({\frac {\rho }{r_{\text{sun}}}}\right)^{2}}}$, with rho simply being the radial distance to the calculated point, given in the same units as the radius.

Solar Limbdarkening of the O I 7772 line

In this paper I show that the limb darkening of spectral lines is different than that of the continuum, varying strongly depending on if it is chromospheric or not, and if it is in LTE or not. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A%26A...671A.130P/abstract

Limb darkening is also a crucial paramater in the calculation of exoplanet transits, which is why this kind of research on the Sun can help with modeling of other stars, and even planets. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261636043_Transiting_Planets_Orbiting_Source_Stars_in_Microlensing_Events/figures?lo=1

Probably more can be said, but this would already be a good start. It would be cool if you could take a look and see if you agree with this, as it is probably not OK if I push my own papers there? Synethos (talk) 15:46, 2 December 2023 (UTC)

Hi again @Synethos: I think this info should be added as long as we give due WP:WEIGHT and WP:PROPORTION to topics covered in the article. Regarding citing your own papers, I would consider looking at WP:SELFCITING if you have not already. I am not too familiar with the details of limb darkening, so I am not sure how much I can help here; however, I can look more into it. CoronalMassAffection (talk) 12:41, 10 December 2023 (UTC)

Spot, plage/faculae and network definitions

Last one I promise, but since I saw you being interested in these topics specifically, and have been irked for a long time about the improper use of plage and faculae on both wiki, and in some papers. A while ago I have painstakingly assembled the definitions that you can find in the first 1.5 pages of this recently published paper. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024MNRAS.527.2940C/abstract Especially the plage one would be great to see a version of on wiki, and to finally get rid of that horrible notion that plage is the same as faculae. Synethos (talk) 15:56, 2 December 2023 (UTC)

Carrington Rotation Clock

I'm glad you like the Carrington clock I added to the wikipedia page.

If you notice another page that could use similar scripts, let me know- especially when it involves astrophysics. Blablabliam (talk) 16:02, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

@Blablabliam: Thanks for making it. I will let you know if I think of another page. Just make sure to be mindful of the standards outlined in WP:SELFREF (mostly WP:CLICKHERE) and MOS:DATED since articles should make sense when reproduced on other sites and in other forms of media (e.g., on paper or in text-to-speech audio) where the script may not function. CoronalMassAffection 𝛿 ^talk_contribs 23:36, 7 April 2024 (UTC)

Ooh, that's a good thing to check. Thanks for modifying it to refer to the article load date, rather than the 'current' time; I never considered that as I was writing it. Blablabliam (talk) 20:02, 12 April 2024 (UTC)

WikiCup 2024 July newsletter

The third round of the 2024 WikiCup ended on 28 June. As with Round 2, this round was competitive: each of the 16 contestants who advanced to Round 4 scored at least 256 points.

The following editors all scored more than 400 points in Round 3:

• Generalissima (submissions) with 1,059 points, mostly from 1 featured article on DeLancey W. Gill, 11 good articles, 18 did you know nominations, and dozens of reviews;
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• AryKun (submissions) with 415 points, mostly from 1 featured article on Great cuckoo-dove, with a high number of bonus points from that article.

The full scores for round 3 can be seen here. So far this year, competitors have gotten 28 featured articles, 38 featured lists, 240 good articles, 92 in the news credits, and at least 285 did you know credits. They have conducted 279 featured article reviews, as well as 492 good article reviews and peer reviews, and have added 22 articles to featured topics and good topics.

Remember that any content promoted after 28 June but before the start of Round 4 can be claimed during Round 4, which starts on 1 July at 00:00 (UTC). Invitations for collaborative writing efforts or any other discussion of potentially interesting work is always welcome on the WikiCup talk page. Remember, if two or more WikiCup competitors have done significant work on an article, all can claim points. If you are concerned that your nomination—whether for a good article, featured content, or anything else—will not receive the necessary reviews, please list it on Wikipedia:WikiCup/Reviews Needed.

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WikiCup 2024 August newsletter

The fourth round of the 2024 WikiCup ended on 29 August. Each of the 8 contestants who advanced to Round 4 scored at least 472 points, and the following contestants scored more than 700 points:

• Generalissima (submissions) with 1,150 points, mostly from 3 featured articles, 2 featured lists, 7 good articles, and 13 did you know nominations;
• Arconning (submissions) with 791 points, mostly from 2 featured lists, 8 good articles, 4 did you know nominations, and plenty of reviews;
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Congratulations to our eight finalists and all who participated. Contestants put in extraordinary amounts of effort during this round, and their scores can be seen here. So far this year, competitors have gotten 36 featured articles, 55 featured lists, 15 good articles, 93 in the news credits, and at least 333 did you know credits. They have conducted 357 featured content reviews, as well as 553 good article reviews and peer reviews, and have added 30 articles to featured topics and good topics.

Any content promoted after 29 August but before the start of Round 5 can be claimed during Round 5, which starts on 1 September at 00:00 (UTC). Invitations for collaborative writing efforts or any other discussion of potentially interesting work is always welcome on the WikiCup talk page. If two or more WikiCup competitors have done significant work on an article, all can claim points. If you are concerned that your nomination—whether for a good article, featured content, or anything else—will not receive the necessary reviews, please list it on Wikipedia:WikiCup/Reviews Needed. Remember to claim your points within 14 days of earning them, and importantly, before the deadline on 31 October.

If you would like to learn more about rules and scoring for the 2024 WikiCup, please see this page. Further questions are welcome on Wikipedia talk:WikiCup and the judges (Cwmhiraeth (talk · contribs), Epicgenius (talk · contribs), and Frostly (talk · contribs)) are reachable on their talk pages. Good luck! If you wish to start or stop receiving this newsletter, please feel free to add or remove your name from Wikipedia:WikiCup/Newsletter/Send. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 03:11, 30 August 2024 (UTC)

The G5 Solar Storm correction. Maybe help?

Hi! I saw you removed my edit to the G5 solar storm from May 2024 due to self-promo and was wondering the best way to input this source of information for the auroral displays section. I was recommended by a NASA scientist to edit into this page the auroral social media map archive I created but unsure how to go about it. I have the link to the DOI of the sources here [1]https://osf.io/e87cs/ and aurora sightings map here [2]https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1jxjxYai7NFBD4s4S5k9wMY9oSMAIHDY&ehbc=2E312F%22%20width%3D%22640%22%20height%3D%22480%22%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3E&ll=-21.967537276309532%2C0&z=2 Wickl001 (talk) 14:34, 1 October 2024 (UTC)

Hi @Wickl001. The map is great, and I think it would be nice to have in an external links section. (I do not think it fits as an inline citation, since no new information in the text depends on the data/map. I referenced WP:SELFPROMO in my edit summary due to the way the added text was worded.) I am not familiar with Google My Maps, so I am not entirely sure if it would be considered a personal webpage which should not be included in external links sections; however, since it is based on your data hosted on OSF, I think it should be fine. I can add a link to this map to the article shortly. CoronalMassAffection (talk) 19:16, 1 October 2024 (UTC)

WikiCup 2024 November newsletter

The 2024 WikiCup has come to an end, with the final round being a very tight race. Our new champion is AirshipJungleman29 (submissions), who scored 2,283 points mainly through 3 high-multiplier FAs and 3 GAs on military history topics. By a 1% margin, Airship beat out last year's champion, BeanieFan11 (submissions), who scored second with 2,264 points, mainly from an impressive 58 GAs about athletes. In third place, Generalissima (submissions) scored 1,528 points, primarily from two FAs on U.S. Librarians of Congress and 20 GAs about various historical topics. Our other finalists are: Sammi Brie (submissions) with 879 points, Hey man im josh (submissions) with 533 points, BennyOnTheLoose (submissions) with 432 points, Arconning (submissions) with 244 points, and AryKun (submissions) with 15 points. Congratulations to our finalists and all who participated!

The final round was very productive, and contestants had 7 FAs, 9 FLs, 94 GAs, 73 FAC reviews, and 79 GAN reviews and peer reviews. Altogether, Wikipedia has benefited greatly from the activities of WikiCup competitors all through the contest. Well done everyone!

All those who reached the final will receive awards and the following special awards will be made, based on high performance in particular areas of content creation. So that the finalists do not have an undue advantage, these prizes are awarded to the competitor who scored the highest in any particular field in a single round, or in the event of a tie, to the overall leader in this field.

• Generalissima (submissions) wins the featured article prize for 3 FAs in round 4, and 7 FAs overall.
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• Fritzmann (submissions) wins the good topic prize for 6 articles in good topics in round 2.
• Sammi Brie (submissions) wins the good article reviewer prize for 45 GA reviews in round 2, and 78 GA reviews overall.
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Next year's competition will begin on 1 January. You are invited to sign up to participate; the WikiCup is open to all Wikipedians, both novices and experienced editors, and we hope to see you all in the 2025 competition. Until then, it only remains to once again congratulate our worthy winners, and thank all participants for their involvement!

If you wish to start or stop receiving this newsletter, please feel free to add or remove yourself from Wikipedia:WikiCup/Newsletter/Send. Cwmhiraeth (talk · contribs), Epicgenius (talk · contribs), and Frostly (talk · contribs). MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:48, 1 November 2024 (UTC)