Wikipedia:Jewish Encyclopedia topics/F

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1 to 100

1 – 20

Fable (JE | WP GWP G) A moral allegory in which beasts, and occasionally plants, act and speak like human beings. It is distinct from the beast-tale...
Da'ud abu al-Fadl JE (JE | WP GWP G) Karaite physician; born at Cairo 1161; died there about 1242. Having studied medicine under the Jewish physician Hibat Allah...
Fadus Cuspius (JE | WP GWP G) Procurator of Judea after the death of Agrippa I. Appointed by Emperor Claudius in 44 C.E., he went to Palestine in the same...
Faenza (JE | WP GWP G) City in the province of Ravenna, and the family seat of the Finzi according to a tradition of the family; Mazlia&#7717...
Paul Fagius (Paul Büchlein) (JE | WP GWP G) Christian Hebraist; born at Rheinzabern, in the Kurpfalz, 1504; died at Cambridge, England, Nov. 13, 1549. He studied at the...
Fairs (JE | WP GWP G) Periodical assemblies for the purchase and the sale of goods. Talmudic authorities were opposed to the attendance of Jews...
Fairy-tales (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F245: Folk-Tales
Faith (JE | WP GWP G) in Biblical and rabbinical literature, and hence in the Jewish conception, "faith" denotes not belief in a dogmatic sense...
Baruch ben Solomon Faitusi (JE | WP GWP G) Preacher in Tunis toward the end of the eighteenth century. He was inclined toward mystical and cabalistic studies. His "Me&#7731...
Jacob ben Abraham Faitusi JE (JE | WP GWP G) Talmudist; lived in Tunis, and later in Jerusalem; died at Algiers July, 1812. He traveled in the interest of the Jerusalem...
Falaise (JE | WP GWP G) Capital of the arrondissement of the department of Calvados, in Normandy, France, and till 1206 under English rule. It seems...
Shem-Tob ben Joseph Falaquera (Palquera) JE (JE | WP GWP G) Spanish philosopher and poet: born 1225; died after 1290. He was well versed in Arabic and Greek philosophy, and had a fine...
Falashas (JE | WP GWP G) Jews of Abyssinia. A colony of Jews exists in Abyssinia known under the denomination of "Falashas" or "Emigrants." They are...
Falces (JE | WP GWP G) A town near Lerin, Navarre. Its Jewish community suffered greatly during the persecution of 1328. In 1366 it contained only...
Falcon (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P518: Prey, Birds of
Abraham Aboab Falero (JE | WP GWP G) Portuguese philanthropist; died at Verona 1642. At the beginning of the seventeenth century or perhaps even at the end of...
Eduard Falk (JE | WP GWP G) German publicist; died in Paris July 7, 1863. Originally destined for a mercantile career, he later turned to study, and after...
Hayyim Samuel Jacob Falk JE (JE | WP GWP G) English cabalist and mystic; born about 1708; died in London April 17, 1782. Some writers give Fürth, others Podolia...
Jacob Joshua ben Zebi Hirsch Falk JE (JE | WP GWP G) See Jacob Joshua ben Zebi Hirsch Falk.
Joshua ben Alexander ha-Kohen Falk JE (JE | WP GWP G) Polish Talmudist; born at Lublin; died at Lemberg March 29, 1614. His name occurs as "RaFaK" (= "R. Falk Kohen") and "Ma-HaRWaK"...

21 – 40

Max Falk (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian statesman and journalist; born at Budapest Oct. 7, 1828. The straitened circumstances of his parents threw him at...
Issachar Behr Falkensohn [de] (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B538: Behr, Issachar Falkensohn
Ferdinand Falkson JE (JE | WP GWP G) German physician and political writer; born at Königsberg Aug. 20, 1820; died there Aug. 31, 1900. He was educated at...
Fall of angels (JE | WP GWP G) in Apocalyptic Writings. The conception of fallen angels—angels who, for wilful, rebellious conduct against God, or...
Fall of Man (JE | WP GWP G) A change from the beatific condition, due to the alleged original depravity of the human race. The events narrated in Gen...
Fallow Deer (JE | WP GWP G) -- See R338: Roebuck
False Imprisonment (JE | WP GWP G) -- See I121: Imprisonment
False Witness (JE | WP GWP G) -- See E530: Evidence
Falsehood (JE | WP GWP G) -- See L641: Lying
Famiglia Israelitica (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C779: Corfu
Familianten Gesetz JE (JE | WP GWP G) A law which required every Jew in "the countries of the Bohemian crown" (Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia) to obtain a special...
Famille de Jacob (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P199: Periodicals
Family and Family Life (JE | WP GWP G) the family includes either those who are descended from a common progenitor, as "bet Dawid," the house (dynasty) of David...
Family vault (JE | WP GWP G) An exclusive burial-place for the members of a family. The desire of the ancient Hebrews to "lie with their fathers," and...
Famine (JE | WP GWP G) A general scarcity of food, resulting as from drought, war, hail, flood, or insects. The land of Canaan is said in the Bible...
De Fanciulli (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A837: Adolescentoli
Fano (JE | WP GWP G) Small town in the Papal States near Pesaro. Jewish bankers of Fano are known to have had a large financial transaction with...
Fano >> Ezra ben Isaac Fano JE, Jacob Fano JE, Menahem Azariah da Fano JE (JE | WP GWP G) Name of an Italian family, members of which have been prominent as scholars since the sixteenth century. Among them the following...
Jucefe (Joseph) Faquin (JE | WP GWP G) Spanish traveler of the fourteenth century; lived first at Barcelona, but settled in Majorca after having made a tour of the...
Al-Farabi (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A1190: Alfarabi

41 – 60

Faraj ben Salim (JE | WP GWP G) Italian physician and translator; flourished in the second half of the thirteenth century. He was engaged by King Charles...
Jacob al-Faraji (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi at Alexandria, Egypt, in the middle of the seventeenth century; brother-in-law of Shabbethai Nawawi, rabbi of Rashid...
Estori Farhi (Parhi) (JE | WP GWP G) Explorer of Palestine; born about 1282 at Florenza, Spain; died in Palestine, probably in 1357. His father, Moses, sent him...
Hayyim Mu'allim Farhi (JE | WP GWP G) Minister of the Pasha of Damascus and Acre; born at Damascus about the middle of the eighteenth century; assassinated in 1820...
Isaac Farhi [he] (JE | WP GWP G) Dayyan and almoner of Jerusalem; born at Safed; died at Jerusalem May 11, 1853. About 1840 Farchi was sent to Europe...
Joseph Shabbethai Farhi (JE | WP GWP G) Talmudic scholar and cabalist; born at Jerusalem about 1802; died at Leghorn, Italy, in 1882. Farchi was an earnest cabalist...
Juan de Faria (JE | WP GWP G) Marano poet. While residing at Brussels in 1672 he wrote a poem in honor of his friend Miguel de Barrios' "Coro de las...
Abraham ben Mordecai Farissol (Perizol) (JE | WP GWP G) Italian scholar and geographer; born at Avignon, France, 1451; died, according to Grätz ("Geschichte," ix. 44), in 1525...
Jacob ben Hayyim Comprat Vidal Farissol (JE | WP GWP G) Liturgical poet; born at Avignon; grandson of Vitalis Farissol, one of the three chief bailiffs of Avignon in 1400. He was...
Judah Farissol (JE | WP GWP G) Italian mathematician and astronomer; flourished at Mantua at the end of the fifteenth century. In 1499 he wrote "Iggeret...
Benjamin L Farjeon (JE | WP GWP G) English-Jewish novelist; born in London 1833; died there July 23, 1903; educated at private schools. He emigrated to New Zealand...
Albert Farkas (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian journalist; born at Szilágy Somlyó Aug. 1, 1842; attended the gymnasium at Kolozsvár (Klausenburg)...
Gyula (Julius) Farkas JE (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian mathematician and physicist; born at Puszta Sárosd March 28, 1847; attended the gymnasium at Györ (Raab)...
Farmer of Taxes (JE | WP GWP G) See Tax-Farming.
Farming on Shares (JE | WP GWP G) -- See L52: Landlord and Tenant
Faro (JE | WP GWP G) Capital of the Portuguese province of Algarve. It was the seat of the district rabbi, or chief justice, appointed by the chief...
Abraham Farrar [pt] (Ferrar) (JE | WP GWP G) Portuguese physician and poet; born at Porto; died at Amsterdam 1663. After practising medicine at Lisbon, Farrar emigrated...
Hirsch Bär Fassel (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian rabbi and author; born at Boskowitz, Moravia, Aug. 21, 1802; died at Nagy-Kanizsa, Hungary, Dec. 27, 1883. After...
Fasting and Fast-days (JE | WP GWP G) Fasting is usually defined as a withholding of all natural food from the body for a determined period voluntarily appointed...
Fat (JE | WP GWP G) the rendering in the English versions of the Hebrew word "Cheleb," an animal substance of an oily character deposited...

61 – 80

Fatalism (JE | WP GWP G) the doctrine that every event is predestined and must inevitably take place. According to Josephus, the question of fate&#8212...
Fate-books (JE | WP GWP G) See Lots, Books of.
Father (JE | WP GWP G) the word denotes primarily the begetter or genitor of an individual. In a looser sense it is used to designate the grandfather...
Fattori (JE | WP GWP G) the executive body of the Roman community, consisting of three persons elected for one, later for one-half, year, by the representatives...
Sir George Faudel-Phillips, Bart (JE | WP GWP G) Lord mayor of London (1896-97); second son of Sir Benjamin Samuel Phillips; born in 1840. George Phillips, who derived the...
Fault (JE | WP GWP G) Harmful neglect of duty. The "culpa" of Roman law is treated to some extent under the heads of Accident and Bailments, the...
Ladislaus Fayer [hu; he] (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian jurist; born at Kecskemé in 1842. In 1870 he received the degree of doctor of law, three years later becoming...
Fayyum (JE | WP GWP G) -- See E67: Egypt
Al-Fayyumi (JE | WP GWP G) -- See S4: Saadia ben Joseph Gaon
Nathanael al-Fayyumi (JE | WP GWP G) Talmudic scholar and philosopher; flourished in Yemen about the middle of the twelfth century. He wrote a philosophical work...
Fear of God (JE | WP GWP G) the Hebrew equivalent of "religion." It is the mainspring of religion, morality, and wisdom, and is productive of material...
Fear of Man (JE | WP GWP G) Respect of parents is especially enjoined by both Scripture and Talmud (Ex. xx. 12; Deut. v. 16). The Talmud makes reverence...
Feasts (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F125: Festivals
Tobias Gutmann Feder (JE | WP GWP G) Polish poet and grammarian, born at Przedborz about 1760; died at Tarnopol, Galicia, 1817. He followed in turn the professions...
Federation of American Zionists (JE | WP GWP G) Zionist association organized in 1897 under the name of "Federation of Zionist Societies of Greater New York and Vicinity...
Fee (JE | WP GWP G) A payment for service done or to be done, usually for professional or special services, the amount being usually fixed by...
Washing of Feet (JE | WP GWP G) Since the Israelites, like all other Oriental peoples, wore sandals instead of shoes, and as they usually went barefoot in...
Joseph Feilbogen (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian rabbi; born 1784; died at Strassnitz, Moravia, March 3, 1869. He officiated as rabbi successively at Piesling, Pirnitz...
Gabriel Fabian Feilchenfeld [de] (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi and author; born at Schlichtingsheim, Silesia, June 18, 1827. He received his first training in rabbinical literature...
Solomon Feinberg [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) Russian financier and philanthropist; born at Yurburg, near Kovno, in 1821; died at Königsberg, Prussia, May 21, 1893...

81 – 100

Aryeh Löb Feinstein (JE | WP GWP G) Russian scholar; born at Damachev, near Brest-Litovsk, Dec. 6, 1821; died there Jan. 20, 1903. Feinstein studied the Talmud...
Jacob Feis [ru] (JE | WP GWP G) German merchant and author; died on July 7, 1900, in London, where he had resided for many years. He devoted his literary...
Levy Feistel (JE | WP GWP G) French army officer; born 1789; died 1855. After receiving a Talmudic training, he went to Mayence in 1806, and was admitted...
Uri Shraga ben Solomon Feiwel (Phoebus) (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi of Dubrovno, government of Mohilev, Russia, at the end of the eighteenth century and at the beginning of the nineteenth...
Joseph Fekete (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian journalist; born in Kecskemét Nov. 19, 1854; studied law at Berlin and Leipsic. At the latter city he founded...
Louis Felberman [hu] (JE | WP GWP G) Author and journalist; born in Hungary in 1861. In 1881 he went to England, and subsequently joined the staff of the society...
Julius Feld [fr] (JE | WP GWP G) Rumanian artist; born at Botuschany, Rumania, June 21, 1871. At an early age he went to France and studied at the Ecole des...
Sigmund Feld [hu] (Rosenfeld) (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian actor and theatrical manager; born at Spácza, Hungary, 1849. In 1867 he appeared at the Josefstädter Theater...
Feldkirch (JE | WP GWP G) -- See T376: Tyrol
Wilhelm Feldman [pl] (JE | WP GWP G) Polish author; born at Warsaw 1868. Since 1886 he has published the following works, in which he advocates theassimilation...
Leopold Feldmann (JE | WP GWP G) German dramatist; born at Munich May 22, 1802; died in Vienna March 26, 1882. He was one of the most prolific farce- and comedy-writers...
Hugo Feleki [hu; he] (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian physician; born at Lovasberény March 23, 1861; studied medicine at the University of Budapest, where he became...
Felix (Antonius Felix) (JE | WP GWP G) Procurator of Judea. Felix, who was a freedman of the empress Antonia, was administrator of Samaria, and probably of Judea...
Elisa-Rachel Félix (JE | WP GWP G) French actress; born in the Soleil d'Or, the principal inn of the village of Munf, in the canton Aargau, Switzerland,...
Ludwig Felix [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian economist; born at Horitz, Bohemia, Feb. 22, 1830. He attended lectures on commerce in Vienna, and devoted himself...
Felix Pratensis JE (JE | WP GWP G) Jewish apostate; born at Prato, Italy, in the second half of the fifteenth century; died at Rome in 1539. He received a good...
Rebecca Félix [fr] (JE | WP GWP G) French actress; born at Lyons 1829; died at Eaux-Bonnes June 19, 1854. She gave early evidence of talent, was trained by her...
Sophie Félix (JE | WP GWP G) French actress; eldest of the sisters of Elisa-Rachel Félix (Rachel); born in a small village near Frankfort-on-the-Main...
Bernhard Felsenthal (JE | WP GWP G) German-American rabbi and author; born Jan. 2, 1822, at Münchweiler, near Kaiserslautern, Germany. He was educated at...
Fence to the Law (JE | WP GWP G) -- See G203: Gezerah

101 to 200

101 – 120

Fences (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B1368: Boundaries
Adolf Fényes (Fischmann) (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian painter; born at Kecskemét April 28, 1867; son of J. H. Fischmann, rabbi of that town. Though he first attracted...
Adolf Fenyvessy [hu] (JE | WP GWP G) Chief of the bureau of stenography of the Hungarian Parliament; born at Zala-Egerszeg 1837; completed his studies at Sz&#233...
Feodosi Pecherski (JE | WP GWP G) -- See K211: Kiev
Boris Ferber (JE | WP GWP G) Russian author; born in Jitomir 1859; died in St. Petersburg 1895. He entered the University of St. Petersburg, where he took...
Ferdinand II (JE | WP GWP G) Emperor of Germany; born July 9, 1578; elected Aug. 28, 1619; died Feb. 15, 1637. On the whole his reign was favorable for...
Ferdinand III (JE | WP GWP G) King of Castile and Leon; son of Alfonso IX., King of Leon, and the pious Berenguela; born 1200; ascended the throne 1217...
Ferdinand IV (JE | WP GWP G) King of Castile and Leon (1295-1312); son of Sancho IV.; came to the throne in his youth. He had for his confidential friend...
Ferdinand and Isabella (JE | WP GWP G) King of Spain; born 1452; died 1516; son of Juan II. of Aragon by his second wife, Juana Enriquez, daughter of Fredrique Enriquez...
Philip Ferdinand (JE | WP GWP G) Hebrew teacher; born in Poland about 1555; died at Leyden, Holland, 1598. After an adventurous career on the Continent, during...
Fermosa JE (JE | WP GWP G) A Jewess of Toledo named "Rahel," afterward called "Fermosa" (The Beautiful) because of her rare beauty. She held Alfonso...
Manuel Fernandez da Villareal (JE | WP GWP G) Political economist and dramatist; born in Lisbon of Marano parents. He attended the University of Madrid, and served for...
Philip Fernandez (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F110: Ferdinand, Philip
Francisco Fernandez y Gonzalez (JE | WP GWP G) Spanish Orientalist; professor in the University of Madrid; member of the Academia de la Historia. He is a son-in-law of the...
Aaron Fernando (JE | WP GWP G) Teacher and reformer at Leghorn, Italy; died 1830. He held a position under the first Napoleon, for whom he had the greatest...
Ferrara (JE | WP GWP G) City in central Italy; capital of the province and former duchy of the same name. The Jewish community of Ferrara was one...
Ferrara Bible (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B1028: Bible, Editions
Moses ben Meïr Ferrara (JE | WP GWP G) Italian tosafist of the thirteenth century. He was a contemporary of Eleazar ben Samuel and of Isaiah ben Mali. No details...
Ferreolus (JE | WP GWP G) Bishop of Uzès, France (553-581). As soon as he had obtained the bishopric he showed great zeal in trying to convert...
Vicente Ferrer (JE | WP GWP G) Spanish Dominican preacher; born at Valencia Jan. 23, 1350; died at Vannes, France, April 5, 1419. Basnage supposes that he...

121 – 140

Ferret (JE | WP GWP G) the rendering in the Authorized Version of the Hebrew "anakah" (Lev. xi. 30). The Septuagint has μυγ&#940...
Peter Ferrus (JE | WP GWP G) Jewish convert to Christianity; lived in Spain in the fifteenth century. A poet of ability, he exercised his talents in deriding...
Comprat Vidal Ferussol (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F49: Farissol, Jacob ben Ḥayyim
Sigismund Fessler (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian lawyer and author; born at Vienna Aug. 26, 1845; educated at the gymnasium and university of that city. He was appointed...
Festivals (JE | WP GWP G) the Hebrews designated a festival by the word "Chag" (the Arabic "Chajj"), originally implying a choragic rhythmic...
Porcius Festus (JE | WP GWP G) Procurator of Judea about 60-62 C.E., after Felix (Josephus, "Ant." xx. 8, § 9; "B. J." ii. 14, § 1). Although he...
Fetters (JE | WP GWP G) Chains or shackles by which the feet may be fastened either together or to some heavy object. The most usual term for fetters...
Vincent Fettmilch (JE | WP GWP G) Leader of the gilds of Frankfort-on-the-Main against the Jews in 1612, and instigator of the riots which led to the expulsion...
Nathaniel Feuer (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian oculist; born in Szobotiszt, Hungary, Aug. 18, 1844. He studied at the University of Vienna (M.D., 1872). Assistant...
Karl Feust (JE | WP GWP G) German jurist; son of the chief rabbi of Bamberg; born at Bamberg Oct. 9, 1798; died at Fürth Aug. 19, 1872. Having been...
Fez (JE | WP GWP G) Capital of the province of Fez in the sultanate of Morocco; built in the year 808 by Imam Idris II., who founded in Morocco...
David of Fez (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F131: Fez
Joseph ben Solomon Fiametta (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi of Ancona, Italy; died in 1721. His name iswritten variously: Wolf, in the Latin transcription of his name, gives "Flamneta"...
Benjamin-Eugène Fichel (JE | WP GWP G) French painter; born in Paris Aug. 30, 1826; died there Feb. 7, 1895. After essaying historical painting he turned his attention...
Jacob ben Abraham Fidanque (JE | WP GWP G) English scholar; died at London in 1701. He was one of the first Jews after the Return to busy himself with the study of rabbinic...
Fields (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A904: Agrarian Laws
Fig and Fig-tree (JE | WP GWP G) the fig-tree (Ficus Carica) and its fruit are designated in Hebrew by the same word, "te'enah" (Deut. viii. 8; Judges...
Figah (JE | WP GWP G) River in the Damascene, affluent of the Barada (the Biblical "Abana"). "Figah" comes from the Greek πηγ&#8052...
Azariah ben Ephraim Figo (Pigo) (JE | WP GWP G) Preacher at Venice; died at Rovigo 1647. Figo was an excellent scribe, and the scrolls which he wrote are highly prized. He...
Filehne (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P467: Posen

141 – 160

Hirsch Filipowski (Phillip) (JE | WP GWP G) Mathematician, linguist, and editor; born at Wirballen, Russia, 1816; died in London, England, July 22, 1872. At an early...
Finance (JE | WP GWP G) the supplying of capital for large undertakings, a characteristic of modern forms of commerce. As distinguished from the more...
Raphael Finckenstein [sv] (JE | WP GWP G) German physician and poet; born at Breslau Nov. 10, 1828; died there July 31, 1874. He was educated at the gymnasium and the...
Finder of Property (JE | WP GWP G) in law he who finds and takes up lost goods acquires thereby a special ownership as first occupant against all the world excepting...
Fines and Forfeiture (JE | WP GWP G) A fine or forfeiture, in the sense either that a sum of money is to be paid, or that the whole or a part of a man's property...
Finger (JE | WP GWP G) One of the digits. In the Bible the term is sometimes used in a figurative sense, denoting power, direction, or immediate...
Finland (JE | WP GWP G) Russian grand duchy; formerly part of Sweden. It has a small Jewish population, which finds itself in a somewhat peculiar...
Julius Finn (JE | WP GWP G) Russian - American chess-player; born April 28, 1871, at Vladislavovo, government of Suwalki, Russian Poland; emigrated to...
Finta (JE | WP GWP G) A Spanish term signifying a tax which is paid to the government. It is still used—for example, in London by the Spanish...
Finzi (JE | WP GWP G) An ancient Italian family, which probably derived its name from "Pinechas," through the Latin "Finea." the remotest known...
Felice Finzi (JE | WP GWP G) Italian Assyriologist; born at Correggio, 1847; died at Florence, 1872. While studying law at the University of Bologna he...
Giuseppe Finzi (JE | WP GWP G) Italian patriot and parliamentarian; born at Rivarolo Fuori, province of Mantua, 1815; died Dec. 17, 1886. He studied at Padua...
Giuseppe Finzi (JE | WP GWP G) Italian scholar and poet; born at Busseto Nov. 12, 1852. He has filled the chair of Italian literature in various gymnasia...
Moses Finzi (JE | WP GWP G) Italian lawyer; born at Florence in 1830. He studied law at Pisa, and was admitted to the bar in 1856. For some years he was...
Solomon Fiorentino (JE | WP GWP G) Italian poet; born at Monte San Savino, Tuscany, March 4, 1743; died at Florence Feb. 4, 1815. He studied at Sienna, where...
Jeremiah David Alexander Fiorino (JE | WP GWP G) German miniature-painter; born at Cassel Feb. 20, 1796 (according to the catalogue of the Dresden Gallery, 1793); died at...
Fir (JE | WP GWP G) the usual Authoized Version rendering of (once of the North-Palestinian pronunciation). In the Revised Version "cypress"...
Fire (JE | WP GWP G) the ordinary process of combustion, for which the Hebrew generally has , in Daniel (Aramaic) , and, with reference to the...
Pillar of Fire (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P316: Pillar of Fire
Abraham ben Samuel Firkovich (Aben ReSheF) JE (JE | WP GWP G) Russian Karaite archeologist; born in Lutsk, Volhynia, Sept. 27, 1786; died in Chu-fut-Kale, Crimea, June 7, 1874. He was...

161 – 180

Firmament (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C807: Cosmogony
Joseph Firman (JE | WP GWP G) Grecian rabbi and author; lived in the sixteenth century. According to Solomon Cohen, he...
First-born (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P527: Primogeniture
Redemption of First-born (JE | WP GWP G) According to Talmudic tradition, the first-born acted as officiating priests in the wilderness, until the erection of the...
First-fruits (JE | WP GWP G) As the firstling among the cattle, so the first-fruits of the field ("reshit," "Cheleb" [LXX. ἀπα&#961...
The First-fruits of the West (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P199: Periodicals
Firuz (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B52: Babylonia, Post-Biblical Data
Firuz-shabur (JE | WP GWP G) City of Babylonia; the "Sipphara" of Ptolemy and the Βηρσαβῶρα of Zosimus; situated...
Abraham Jehiel ben Ze'eb Wolf Fischel (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi of the eighteenth century. He was the author of a work entitled "Imrah Zerufah," novellæ on several...
Eliezer ben Isaac Fischel (JE | WP GWP G) Russian Talmudist and cabalist; lived at Strizhov (Strizhovka) in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. He was the author...
A Fischell (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi and historian; lived in the city of New York in the middle of the nineteenth century. He was for some time an assistant...
Meïr Fischels [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian Talmudist, died at Prague, Dec. 16, 1769. He was called "Fischels" as the son of Ephraim Fischel of Bunzlau, while...
Bernard Fischer (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian rabbi and author; born at Budikau, a village in the district of Chrudim, Bohemia, Jan. 12, 1821; graduated from the...
Karl Fischer (JE | WP GWP G) Christian censor of Hebrew books in Prague; born in Lichtenstadt, Bohemia, July 5, 1755; died at Prague Jan. 22, 1844. He...
Marcus (Maier) Fischer (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian Hebraist; born in Vienna 1783; died at Prague May 22, 1853; son of Moses Fischer, rabbi of the Jewish community of...
Moritz von Fischer JE (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian porcelain-manufacturer; born at Totis, Hungary, 1800; died there Feb. 25, 1900. He rendered distinguished service...
Moses Fischer (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian rabbi; born at Prague about 1756; died at Eisenstadt, Hungary, about 1833; son of the wealthy Talmudic scholar Me&#239...
Nicolaus Wolfgang Fischer (JE | WP GWP G) Physician and chemist; born Jan. 15, 1782, in Great Meseritz, Moravia; died Aug. 19, 1850, in Breslau. He studied at the universities...
Adolf Fischhof JE (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian writer and politician; born at Alt-Ofen, Hungary, Dec. 8, 1816; died at Emmersdorf, near Klagenfurth, Carinthia,...
Joseph Fischhof (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian pianist and composer; uncle of Robert Fischhof; born April 4, 1804, at Butschowitz in Moravia; died at Vienna June...

181 – 200

Robert Fischhof (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian musician; born in Vienna Oct. 31, 1857. When only seven years old Robert Fischhof played in public. He studied at...
Nahman Isaac Fischmann (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian author; died in 1873. His home was in Lemberg. He wrote: "Eshkol 'Anabim," a collection of Hebrew poems (Lemberg...
Fiscus Judaicus (JE | WP GWP G) the yearly Temple tax of half a shekel prescribed by the Law (Ex. xxx. 13; compare Shek. i. 1), and which the Jews of...
Fish and Fishing (JE | WP GWP G) the Bible does not mention any particular fish by name. "Dag" and "nun" are the generic terms covering all species, thus designated...
Maurice Fishberg (JE | WP GWP G) American physician; anthropologist; born Aug. 16, 1872, at Kamenetz, Podolsk, Russia; educated at the public school of his...
Fiume (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian free city and Adriatic seaport, with a Jewish population in 1901 of about 2,000. That there were Jews at Fiume in...
Five Scrolls (JE | WP GWP G) -- See M338: Megillot, the Five
Fixtures (JE | WP GWP G) Things fastened to the ground, directly or indirectly. Doubt may arise with regard to them, whether or not they become in...
Flaccus (JE | WP GWP G) Governor of Egypt; enemy and persecutor of the Jews of Alexandria, for which reason Philo, in 42 C. E., directed a special...
L Pomponius Flaccus (JE | WP GWP G) Roman governor of Syria (32-35?); no particulars concerning his life are known. When Agrippa (afterward King Agrippa I.),...
L Valerius Flaccus (JE | WP GWP G) Proconsul of Asia Minor in 62-61 B.C. He is notorious in the history of the Jews for having seized for the public treasury...
Flag (JE | WP GWP G) A standard or banner having a certain color, emblem, and sometimes an inscription, and carried before a marching army to distinguish...
Flagellants (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F120: Ferrer, Vicente
Flagellation (JE | WP GWP G) -- See S1135: Stripes
Le Flambeau (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P199: Periodicals
Theodor Simon Flatau (JE | WP GWP G) German physician; born at Lyck, province of East Prussia, June 4, 1860. He received his education at the gymnasium of his...
Flattery (JE | WP GWP G) Insincere, obsequious, or venal praise. Flattery is condemned by Jewish moralists as an offense against sincerity (Ps. xii...
Flavia Domitilla (JE | WP GWP G) Convert to Judaism and martyr at Rome. An early branch of the imperial Flavian house was at one time inclined toward Judaism...
Flavia Neapolis (JE | WP GWP G) -- See S573: Shechem
Flavius Clemens (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F198: Flavia Domitilla

201 to 300

201 – 220

Flavius Eborensis (JE | WP GWP G) Poet; born at Evora, Portugal, April 4, 1517; died at Ragusa, Sicily, 1607. He belonged to the Adumim, an old Spanish family...
Flavius Josephus (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F202: Josephus Flavius
Flavius (Raimundus) Mithridates JE (JE | WP GWP G) Italian scholar; flourished at Rome in the second half of the fifteenth century. His Jewish name is unknown. About 1486 he...
Flax (JE | WP GWP G) the principal species of the natural order Linaceæ which includes more than fifty other species. The culture of flax...
Flea (JE | WP GWP G) -- See I151: Insects
Johann Friedrich Ferdinand Fleck (JE | WP GWP G) German actor; born at Breslau 1757; died in Berlin Dec. 20,1801. He made his début in 1777, at Leipsic, where he remained...
Fleckeles (JE | WP GWP G) One of the oldest Jewish families in Prague; probably "Falkeles" originally, from "Falk," a common name among Jews of the...
Eleazar ben David Fleckeles (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian rabbi and author; born in Prague Aug. 26, 1754; died there April 27, 1826. He was the pupil of Moses Cohen Rofe,...
Max Fleischer (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian architect; born in Prossnitz, Moravia, March 29, 1841. After graduating from the polytechnic high school of Vienna...
Ernst Fleischl von Marxow (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian physician; born at Vienna Aug. 5, 1846; died there Oct. 22, 1891. He received his education at the universities of...
Julius Fleischmann (JE | WP GWP G) American merchant; mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio; born at Riverside, Ohio, June 8, 1872. Fleischmann was a member of the staff...
Abraham Flesch (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi in Vienna at the beginning of the seventeenth century. According to G. Wolf, he is identical with Abraham Austerlitz...
Joseph Flesch (JE | WP GWP G) German merchant; born in Rausnitz, Moravia; died there Dec. 17, 1839. Flesch wrote excellent Hebrew, was a collaborator of...
Flesh (JE | WP GWP G) the soft portions of the animal body, internally connected with the skeleton of bones and externally enclosed by the skin...
Simon Flexner (JE | WP GWP G) American physician and pathologist; born at Louisville, Kentucky, March 25, 1863. He received the degree of doctor of medicine...
D I Flisfeder (JE | WP GWP G) Russian physician and scholar; born about 1850; died in 1885 at Kishinev, where he had settled a few years previously. Flisfeder...
Flogging (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F145: Fines and Forfeiture
The Flood (JE | WP GWP G) (Gen. vi. 9-ix. 17): When God on account of man's wickedness resolved to destroy by a flood all mankind and all the animal...
Flora (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B1363: Botany
Florence (JE | WP GWP G) Capital of Tuscany, Italy. Jews settled here probably before 1400. They were not needed in this flourishing commercial city...

221 – 240

Hayyim Samuel Florentin (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi of Salonica; lived in the seventeenth century. He was the author of a work entitled "Me'il Shemuel" (Salonica, 1725)...
Isaac Florentin (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F221: Florentin, Ḥayyim Samuel
Samuel ben David Florentin (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi of Salonica in the eighteenth century. He was a nephew of Ḥayyim Samuel Florentin. He wrote: "Bet ha-Ro'eh...
Solomon ben Samuel Florentin (JE | WP GWP G) Turkish Talmudist; lived at Salonica in the seventeenth century. He wrote "Doresh Mishpaṭ," a collection from the marginal...
Florida (JE | WP GWP G) the most southern of the United States of America, forming a peninsula washed on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and on the...
Gessius Florus (JE | WP GWP G) Last procurator of Judea (64-66). Florus was notorious for his cruelty and rapacity, and was so much detested by the Jews...
Flour (JE | WP GWP G) the finely ground substance of any cereal. The earliest and most simple way of crushing grain consisted in pounding it in...
Flowers of the Bible (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B1363: Botany
Flowers in the Home and the Synagogue (JE | WP GWP G) As an agricultural people the Jews in their own land appreciated flowers as a means of natural decoration. The first crop...
Flute (JE | WP GWP G) -- See M1021: Music and Musical Instruments
Fly (JE | WP GWP G) A two-winged insect, especially the common house-fly (Musca domestica). It is referred to in Eccl. x. 1: "Dead flies cause...
Foa (JE | WP GWP G) French family; migrated from Italy in the eighteenth century. One branch of the family has been authorized to assume the name...
Eliezer Nahman Foa (JE | WP GWP G) Italian rabbi and author; died in Reggio after 1641. He was a pupil of R. Moses Isserles, and possessed an extensive knowledge...
Esther-Eugénie Foa (JE | WP GWP G) French authoress; born at Bordeaux 1795; died in Paris 1853. She was famous for her beauty. Under the nom de plume "Maria...
Pio Foà (JE | WP GWP G) Italian pathologist; born at Sabbionetta Jan. 26, 1848. He attended the lyceum at Milan; studied medicine at Pavia, and took...
Anton Fochs (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian philanthropist; died in Budapest May 31 1874. A few years before his death he sent an anonymous letter to the administration...
Armin Fodor (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian jurist; born at Nagy Mihály Jan. 27, 1862; studied law at Budapest, was admitted to the bar in 1886, and was...
Baruch Benedict Foges (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian author; born at Prague June 28, 1805; died Aug. 23, 1890, in Karolinenthal, a suburb of Prague, where he was principal...
Foia Israelita (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P199: Periodicals
Foix (JE | WP GWP G) Capital of the department of Ariège, France. In the Middle Ages there were Jews here as well as in other towns in the...

241 – 260

Hananel di Foligno (JE | WP GWP G) Jewish convert to Christianity; lived at Rome in the sixteenth century. He made himself notorious by his slanderous attacks...
Folk-lore (JE | WP GWP G) the science dealing with those institutions, customs, literature, and beliefs of the folk or uncultured people that can not...
Folk-medicine (JE | WP GWP G) the ideas and remedies common among uncultured people with regard to the prevention and cure of diseases. They are found among...
Folk-songs (JE | WP GWP G) Songs or ballads originating and current among the common people, and illustrating the common life. Jewish folk-songs exist...
Folk-tales (JE | WP GWP G) Stories usually containing incidents of a superhuman character, and spread among the folk either by traditions from their...
Folly and Fool (JE | WP GWP G) According to the Jewish conception, folly is the antithesis of morality and piety (Prov. xiii. 19; Job xxviii. 28), as well...
Hans Folz (JE | WP GWP G) German playwright and physician of the fifteenth century; said to have been bornin Worms. He is mentioned as "Hans Falz zu...
De Fonseca (Fonsequa) (JE | WP GWP G) Jewish-Portuguese family of Amsterdam, Hamburg, London, southern France, and America. Abraham de Fonseca: Died at Hamburg...
Fontainebleau (JE | WP GWP G) French town in the department of Seine-et-Marne. The nucleus of the community was formed about 1787. The oldest document relating...
David Fontanella (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F150: Finzi
Israel Berechiah ben Joseph Jekuthiel Fontanella (JE | WP GWP G) Italian rabbi and cabalist; lived at Reggio Emilia, later at Rovigo, at the end of the seventeenth century and in the first...
Food (JE | WP GWP G) There are two main divisions of food, vegetable and animal. I. Vegetable Food: As among all the Oriental peoples, and as...
Forbidden Degrees (JE | WP GWP G) -- See M216: Marriage Laws
Forbidden Food (JE | WP GWP G) -- See D351: Dietary Laws
Foreign Attachment (JE | WP GWP G) in modern law, the seizure of a debtor's property in a jurisdiction within which the debtor himself can not be found,...
Forest (JE | WP GWP G) in the English versions the word "forest" is employed for the rendering of four different Hebrew words: (1) "ya'ar," which...
Forfeiture (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C718: Confiscation and Forfeiture
Forgery (JE | WP GWP G) the act of falsely making or materially altering, with intent to defraud, any writing which, if genuine, might be of legal...
Forgiveness (JE | WP GWP G) Forgiveness is one of the attributes ascribed to Yhwh: "to the Lord our God belong mercies and forgiveness" (Dan. ix. 9; comp...
Forli (JE | WP GWP G) City in the Romagna, Italy. It is mentioned for the first time in connection with Jewish history by Hillel of Verona, who...

261 – 280

Zaddik ben Joseph Formon (JE | WP GWP G) Turkish Talmudist and translator of the middle of the sixteenth century. He translated Bachya's "Ḥobot ha-Lebabot"...
Solomon Formstecher JE (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi; born at Offenbach July 28, 1808; died there April 24, 1889. After graduating (Ph.D. 1831) from the Giessen University...
Fornaraki Affair (JE | WP GWP G) Accusation of ritual murder which was made in Egypt in 1881, and which agitated the European press for nine months. On May...
Fornication (JE | WP GWP G) Cohabitation between a man, married or unmarried, and an unmarried woman. While the common law speaks of intercourse between...
Anna Forstenheim (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian writer and poetess; born at Agram Sept. 21, 1846; died at Vienna Oct. 19, 1889. She went to Vienna in 1867, and founded...
Fort Smith (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A1781: Arkansas
Fort Wayne (JE | WP GWP G) -- See I131: Indiana
Fort Worth (JE | WP GWP G) -- See T169: Texas
Baruch Uzziel ben Baruch Forti (Chaschetto) (JE | WP GWP G) Italian rabbi and editor; lived at Ferrara and Mantua in the sixteenth century. "Forti" is the Italian translation of "&#7716...
Hortensius (Johanan) Hazak Forti (JE | WP GWP G) Jewish convert to Christianity; lived in the sixteenth century; born at Gorima, and settled at Prague under Maximilian II...
Leone Fortis (JE | WP GWP G) Italian critic, journalist, and dramatist; born at Triest Oct. 5, 1828; died at Milan 1895. He was baptized while a child...
Fortress (JE | WP GWP G) A permanent fort or fortified place. The Israelites, when advancing into the country west of the Jordan, found a considerable...
Der Fortschritt Im Judenthum (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P199: Periodicals
The Number Forty (JE | WP GWP G) in the Bible, next to the number seven, the number forty occurs most frequently. In Talmudical literature it is often met...
Fostat (JE | WP GWP G) -- See E67: Egypt
Achille Fould (JE | WP GWP G) French statesman and financier; born at Paris Nov. 17, 1800; died at Tarbes Oct. 5, 1867. The son of a wealthy banker, he...
Benoit Fould (JE | WP GWP G) French politician; born at Paris Nov. 21, 1792; died there July 28, 1858. In 1827 he was nominated judge of the tribunal of...
Édouard Mathurin Fould [fr] (JE | WP GWP G) French politician; born at Paris Dec. 18, 1834; died at Moulins April 8, 1881. On June 1, 1863, he was elected deputy for...
Gustave Eugène Fould [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) French politician and author; born at Paris Feb. 19, 1836; died at Asnières Aug. 27, 1884. On June 6, 1869, he was elected...
Foundation-stone (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C787: Corner-Stone

281 – 300

Foundling (JE | WP GWP G) A deserted child whose parents are unknown. The question as to the status of such a child in the Jewish community was chiefly...
Fountain (JE | WP GWP G) A natural spring of water. Although Palestine as a whole is scantily supplied with water, it has a number of fountains. These...
Four Countries (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C828: Council of Four Lands
Fowls (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P485: Poultry
Fox (JE | WP GWP G) There are at present two species of fox inhabiting Palestine: the Canis flavescens, found in the north, and the C. niloticus...
Foy (JE | WP GWP G) Branch of the family Foa, settled in the southwest of France since the middle of the eighteenth century. Special mention may...
Fraga (JE | WP GWP G) City in Aragon. In 1328 Alfonso IV. confirmed all the privileges which the Moncadas had granted to the Jews of Fraga. Four...
France >> History of the Jews in France JE (JE | WP GWP G) Country forming the most westerly part of Central Europe. Church Laws Against Jews.—Roman-Gallic Epoch: the banishment...
Immanuel ben David Frances JE (JE | WP GWP G) Italian poet and rabbinical scholar; born in Mantua July 22, 1618 (?); died at Leghorn after 1703. He received his instruction...
Jacob ben David Frances (JE | WP GWP G) Italian scholar and poet; born at Mantua in 1615; died at Florence in 1667. After having been thoroughly grounded in the Talmud...
Joseph Frances (JE | WP GWP G) Spanish scholar; lived at Ferrara, Italy, about the middle of the sixteenth century. He was the author of a commentary to...
Franche-Comté (JE | WP GWP G) Ancient province of France, also called "Haute-Bourgogne" or "Comté de, Bourgogne"; now divided into the departments...
Augusto Franchetti (JE | WP GWP G) Italian lawyer and historian; born at Florence July 10, 1840; attended the lycée at Marseilles; studied law at Pisa,...
Leopoldo, Baron Franchetti (JE | WP GWP G) Italian deputy; born at Florence in 1847; studied law at Pisa. In company with Deputy Sidney Sonnino he undertook a journey...
Guglielmo Dei Franchi (JE | WP GWP G) Jewish convert to Christianity; born at Rome; died there about 1600. Embracing Christianity, he joined the monastic order...
Francia (JE | WP GWP G) A family of Spanish descent, whose arms, according to D'Hozier, were: Argent, a crown bearing the letters "G. F. R." sable...
Francia de Beaufleury (JE | WP GWP G) A Jew of Spanish descent, who went to Bordeaux, probably from London, about 1760. He is the author of various works, among...
Franciscans (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F384: Friars
Adolphe Franck (JE | WP GWP G) French philosopher; born at Liocourt, department of the Meurthe, Oct. 9, 1809; died at Paris April 11, 1893. Destined for...
Franco (JE | WP GWP G) A Jewish family which derived its name from a place near Navarre, Spain. There were Francos at Amsterdam, Venice, Tunis, Constantinople...

301 to 400

301 – 320

Isaac Asher Francolm [de] (JE | WP GWP G) German preacher and religious teacher; born at Breslau Dec. 15, 1788; died there July 1, 1849; Ph.D., Leipsic, 1817. After...
Hayyim Frangi (JE | WP GWP G) Turkish rabbinical author; born in 1833 at Constantinople; died there in 1903. He has published two Hebrew works: "Yisma&#7717...
Bär b. Gershon Fränk (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian scholar; born in Presburg about 1777; died there on the second day of the Feast of Weeks, 1845. He was sho&#7717...
Eve Frank (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F305: Frank, Jacob, and the Frankists
Jacob Frank and the Frankists (JE | WP GWP G) the Frankists were a semi-Christian religious organization which came into being among the Jews of Poland about the middle...
Kathi Frank [sk] (Katharina Frankl) (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian actress; born at Bösing, near Presburg, Oct. 11, 1852. She appeared for the first time at the Viktoria Theater...
Mendel Frank (JE | WP GWP G) Polish rabbi of the first half of the sixteenth century. He was at first rabbi of Posen, and a decision rendered by him there...
Nathan Frank (JE | WP GWP G) American lawyer; member of the national House of Representatives; born in Peoria, Illinois, Feb. 23, 1852; educated in the...
Julia Frankau (JE | WP GWP G) British author and novelist; born in Dublin, Ireland, July 30, 1864. Julia Frankau was educated by Madame Paul Lafargue, daughter...
Fränkel (Frankel) (JE | WP GWP G) A family of scholars and Talmudists, the earliest known member of which was Koppel Fränkel (1650), the richest Viennese...
Albert Fränkel JE (JE | WP GWP G) German physician; born March 10, 1848, at Frankfort-on-the-Oder. He received his education at the gymnasium of his native...
Alexander Fränkel (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian physician; born at Vienna Nov. 9, 1857. After attending the gymnasium and university of that city, he received the...
Benjamin Fränkel (JE | WP GWP G) Russian scholar; lived at Warsaw in the first half of the nineteenth century. He traveled in Germany and England. He published...
David ben Naphtali Fränkel JE (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi; born at Berlin about 1704; died there April 4, 1762. For a time he was rabbi of Dessau, and became chief rabbi...
Elkan Fränkel [de; fr] (JE | WP GWP G) Court Jew (1703-12) to the margrave William Frederic of Brandenburg-Ansbach; died in the state prison of Wülzburg, near...
Ernst Fränkel JE (JE | WP GWP G) German physician; born at Breslau May 5, 1844; studied medicine at the universities of Berlin, Vienna, and Breslau (M.D. 1866)...
Gabriel Fränkel (JE | WP GWP G) Court Jew of the margraves of Ansbach about 1700. He was very influential at court, and highly esteemed by the Jews of the...
Hirsch Fränkel (JE | WP GWP G) Chief rabbi in the margravate of Ausbach, with residence at Schwabach, 1709-13; died in prison 1723. He was a brother of Elkan...
Jonas Fränkel JE (JE | WP GWP G) German banker and philanthropist; son of Joel Wolf, grandson of David Fränkel, the author of "Ḳorban 'Edah"...
Ludwig Fränkel [de] (JE | WP GWP G) German writer; born at Leipsic Jan. 24, 1868. He studied at the universities of Leipsic and Berlin, and in England, receiving...

321 – 340

Ludwig F. Fränkel [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) German physician; born May 23, 1806, at Berlin; died there July 6, 1872. He received his education at the University of Berlin...
Moses ben Abraham Fränkel (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi; father of David Fränkel; born at Berlin June 30, 1739; died at Dessau Feb. 20, 1812. In 1787 he settled...
Seckel Isaac Fränkel (JE | WP GWP G) German banker; born at Parchim, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Jan. 14, 1765; died at Hamburg June 4, 1835.He acquired by private study...
Sigmund Fränkel (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian physician and chemist; born at Cracow May 22, 1868. After completing his course at the gymnasium of Gratz (Styria)...
Simon Wolf Fränkel (Frankel-spira) (JE | WP GWP G) Head of the Jewish community in Prague for two decades beginning May 20, 1724, and a stanch defender of his oppressed coreligionists...
Wolfgang Bernhard Fränkel (JE | WP GWP G) German physician; born at Bonn Nov. 11, 1795; died at Elberfeld March 5, 1851. He took an active part in the campaigns of...
Zecharias Frankel JE (JE | WP GWP G) German theologian; born at Prague Sept. 30, 1801; died at Breslau Feb. 13, 1875. Frankel was the founder and the most eminent...
Abraham von Frankenberg (JE | WP GWP G) German mystic of the seventeenth century; friend and correspondent of Manasseh ben Israel. He was a nobleman and the most...
Wolf Frankenburger [de] (JE | WP GWP G) German deputy; born at Obbach, Bavaria, June 8, 1827; died at Nuremberg July 18, 1889. While a student at Würzburg he...
Moritz Ludwig Frankenheim (JE | WP GWP G) German physicist; born in Brunswick June 29, 1801; died in Dresden Jan. 14, 1869; educated at the gymnasia of Wolfenb&#252...
Adolph L. Frankenthal (JE | WP GWP G) United States consul at Bern, Switzerland; born July 1, 1851, at Lübeck, Germany. Frankenthal was educated at the public...
Frankfort-on-the-Main >> History of Frankfurt am Main JE (JE | WP GWP G) City in the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau, Germany. The date of the organization of its Jewish community is uncertain...
Frankfort-on-the-Oder (JE | WP GWP G) Chief town of a district of the same name in the Prussian province of Brandenburg, and situated on the left bank of the River...
Akiva ben Jacob Frankfurt (JE | WP GWP G) German preacher and author; died at Frankfort-on-the-Main 1597. He was the son-in-law of R. Simeon Guenzburg of Frankfort...
Bernhard Frankfurter (JE | WP GWP G) German teacher and writer; son of Rabbi Moses Frankfurter; born at Herdorf March 15, 1801; died Aug. 13, 1867. In 1822 he...
Judah Löw ben Simon Frankfurter (JE | WP GWP G) See Judah Löb b. Simon.
Moses ben Simon Frankfurter [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) Dayyan and printer of Amsterdam; born 1672; died 1762. It appears from his epitaph (Mælder, "Jets over de Bergraafplaatsen...
Naphtali Frankfurter [de] (JE | WP GWP G) German preacher; brother of Bernhard Frankfurter; born at Oberdorf Feb. 13, 1810; died April 13, 1866; studied at the universities...
Simon ben Israel Frankfurter (JE | WP GWP G) Dutch rabbinical scholar; father of Moses Frank, furter; born at Schwerin, Germany; died at Amsterdam Dec. 9, 1712. He was...
Solomon Frankfurter (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian librarian and archeologist; born at Presburg, Hungary, Nov. 9, 1856. He studied at Vienna (Ph.D., 1883) and Berlin...

341 – 360

Frankincense (JE | WP GWP G) Frankincense was not indigenous to Palestine—the assumption that the tree from which it is derived was at home in the...
Frankists (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F305: Frank, Jacob
Lothar Amadeus Frankl, Ritter von Hochwart [de; pl] (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian neuropathist; born at Vienna June 12, 1862; son of Ludwig August Frankl; educated at the Schottengymnasium and at...
Ludwig August Frankl, Ritter von Hochwart JE (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian poet and writer; born at Chrast, Bohemia, Feb. 3, 1810, died at Vienna March 12, 1894. He received his early education...
Otto Frankl [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian jurist; born in Prague Oct. 4, 1855; studied at the universities of Prague, Göttingen, and Leipsic; made privat-docent...
Pinkus Friedrich Frankl (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi; born at Ungarisch-Brod, Moravia, Jan., 1848; died at Johannisbad Aug. 22, 1887. After attending the yeshibah...
Adolf Frankl-Grün [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian rabbi; born at Ungarisch-Brod, Moravia, Jan. 21, 1847. He received his education at the schools of his native town...
Benjamin A. Franklin (JE | WP GWP G) Jamaica merchant; born at Manchester, England, 1811; died at Kingston, Jamaica, April 26, 1888. He went to the island about...
Fabian Franklin (JE | WP GWP G) American mathematician, editor, and author; born in Eger, Hungary, Jan. 18, 1853; son of Morris Joshua and Sarah Heilprin...
Jacob Abraham Franklin [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) English journalist and philanthropist; born at Portsmouth 1809; died Aug. 3, 1877. On his retirement from business he went...
Franks (JE | WP GWP G) American Jewish family which included a number of officers of some distinction engaged on both sides in the American Revolutionary...
Karl Emil Franzos (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian author; born Oct. 25, 1848, in the Russian government of Podolia. His childhood was spent at Czortkow, Galicia, the...
Frat Maimon JE (JE | WP GWP G) Provençal scholar; flourished in the second half of the fourteenth century. The name "Frat" is, according to Neubauer...
Fraternitatea (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P199: Periodicals
Fraternities (JE | WP GWP G) Societies for mutual benefit. If it be true that "the origin of the friendly society is probably in all countries the burial...
Fraud and Mistake (JE | WP GWP G) Where in a transaction one of the parties loses by the fraud, i.e., the misrepresentation, of the other, or by his suppression...
Frauenschul [he; yi] (JE | WP GWP G) That part of the synagogue which is reserved for women, whether an annex, as in the Altneuschul of Prague and in the synagogue...
Christian Martin Julius Frauenstädt JE (JE | WP GWP G) German student of philosophy; born at Bojanowo, Posen, April 17, 1813; died at Berlin Jan. 13, 1879. He was educated at the...
Max Frauenthal (JE | WP GWP G) American soldier; born at Marienthal, Rheinpfalz, Bavaria, in 1836; emigrated to America in 1851; lived for a time in Texas...
Frederick II (JE | WP GWP G) King of Prussia; born 1712; reigned from 1740 till his death in 1786. He was not friendly to the Jews, although he issued...

361 – 380

Freemasonry (JE | WP GWP G) the institutions, rites, and principles of a secret society devoted to the promotion of fraternal feeling and morality among...
Freethinkers and Freethought (JE | WP GWP G) See Rationalists; Skeptics.
Free Will (JE | WP GWP G) the doctrine that volition is self-originating and unpredictable. That man is free to choose between certain courses of conduct...
Free-will offering ((redirects to Slaughter offering JE)) (JE | WP GWP G) A term applied to gifts presented out of the benevolence or religious impulse of heart of the giver, and not in fulfilment...
Abraham Solomon Freidus (JE | WP GWP G) Bibliographer; born in Riga, Russia, May 1, 1867. He went to Paris in 1886, and thence to the United States in the autumn...
J B Freiheim (JE | WP GWP G) American lawyer and soldier; born in Bavaria 1848; died at Camden, Ark., Aug. 22, 1899. Freiheim was an early Jewish resident...
Aaron Freimann (JE | WP GWP G) German librarian and historian; born Aug. 5, 1871, at Filehne, Posen. He is the son of Israel Meïr Freimann, and grandson...
Israel Meïr Freimann (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi; born Sept. 27, 1830, at Cracow; died Aug. 21, 1884, at Ostrowo, He received his education from his father and...
Der Freitagabend (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P199: Periodicals
Israel Frenkel (JE | WP GWP G) Russian Hebraist and teacher; born at Radom, Russian Poland, Sept. 18, 1853. He was a pupil in Talmudic literature of Samuel...
Israel Frenkel (JE | WP GWP G) Russian physician; born at Rypin, government of Plotzk, June 29, 1857. At the age of twelve he had received only a religious...
Solomon Frensdorff JE (JE | WP GWP G) German Hebraist; born at Hamburg Feb. 24, 1803; died at Hanover March 23, 1880. While pursuing his studies at the Johanneum...
David Fresco (JE | WP GWP G) Turkish writer; descendant of Spanish exiles; born at Constantinople about 1850. He edited successively five Judæo-Spanish...
Moses Fresco (JE | WP GWP G) Turkish Talmudist; born at Constantinople 1780; died there 1850. He succeeded Samuel Ḥayyim as Chakam bashi (chief...
Sigmund Freud (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian physician; born May 6, 1856, at Freiberg in Moravia. He received his education at the University of Vienna, where...
Berthold Freudenthal [de] (JE | WP GWP G) Professor of law at the Academy of Frankfort-on-the-Main; born at Breslau, Aug. 23, 1872; son of Jacob Freudenthal. Freudenthal...
Jacob Freudenthal JE (JE | WP GWP G) German philosopher; born June 20, 1839, at Bodenfelde, province of Hanover, Prussia. Freudenthal received his education at...
Freudline (JE | WP GWP G) -- See N51: Names
Ernst Freund (JE | WP GWP G) American jurist; born in New York Jan. 30, 1864; attended gymnasia at Dresden and Frankfort-on-the-Main, and the universities...
Ernst Freund (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian physician; born at Vienna Dec. 15, 1863; educated at the University of Vienna, whence he was graduated as M.D. in...

381 – 400

Samuel ben Issachar Bär Freund [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) Bohemian Talmudist; born at Tuschkau Dec., 1794; died at Prague June 18, 1881. After studying under Eleazar of Triesch and...
Wilhelm Freund (JE | WP GWP G) German philologist and lexicographer; born Jan. 27, 1806, at Kempen, province of Posen; died June 4, 1894, at Breslau. He...
Wilhelm Alexander Freund (JE | WP GWP G) German gynecologist; born at Krappitz, Silesia, Aug. 26, 1833. He studied medicine at the University of Breslau, where he...
Friars (JE | WP GWP G) Before the institution of the mendicant friars the monastic orders did not play a prominent part in Jewish persecutions. The...
Friday (JE | WP GWP G) -- See S13: Sabbath
Abraham Shalom ("har Shalom") Friedberg (JE | WP GWP G) Russian Hebraist; born at Grodno Nov. 6, 1838; died in Warsaw March 21, 1902. At the age of thirteen he was apprenticed to...
Bernard Friedberg (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian Hebraist; born at Cracow Dec. 19, 1876. Besides numerous contributions to Hebrew and other periodicals, he has published...
Heinrich von Friedberg JE (JE | WP GWP G) German statesman; born at Mürkisch-Friedland, West Prussia, Jan. 27, 1813; died at Berlin June 2, 1895. Friedberg studied...
Hermann Friedberg JE (JE | WP GWP G) German physician, born at Rosenberg, Silesia, July 5, 1817; died at Breslau March 2, 1884. He studied at the universities...
Karl Rudolph Friedenthal JE (JE | WP GWP G) Prussian statesman; born in Breslau Sept. 15, 1827; died on his estate, Giesmannsdorf, near Neisse, March 7, 1890. He was...
Markus Bär Friedenthal JE (JE | WP GWP G) German banker and scholar; born in 1779; died at Breslau Dec. 3, 1859. Although one of the leading bankers at Breslau, he...
Friedenwald (JE | WP GWP G) An American Jewish family, established in Baltimore, Md., by Jonas Friedenwald. His children were Bernard Stern, stepson (1820-73)...
Heinrich Friedjung (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian journalist and author, born at Rostschin, Moravia, Jan. 18, 1851; studied at Prague, Berlin, and Vienna (Ph.D.)....
Friedland (JE | WP GWP G) A family which came presumably from Friedland in the German duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (or perhaps from the Bohemian town...
Moses Aryeh Löb Friedland (JE | WP GWP G) Russian philanthropist; born at Dünaburg, government of Vitebsk, Jan. 8, 1826; died at St. Petersburg Nov. 21, 1899....
Camilla Friedländer (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian painter; born in Vienna Dec. 10, 1856; daughter and pupil of Friedrich Friedländer. She has devoted herself...
Dagobert Friedländer (JE | WP GWP G) Member of the Prussian Upper House; born in Kolmar, Posen, Feb. 19, 1826. From 1846 to 1857 he conducted a book business in...
David Friedländer JE (JE | WP GWP G) German writer and communal leader; born at Königsberg Dec. 6, 1750; died Dec. 25, 1834, at Berlin, where he had settled...
Friedrich Friedländer JE (JE | WP GWP G) Genre painter; born Jan. 10, 1825, at Kohljanowitz, Bohemia. He studied at the Vienna Academy, and later under Professor Waldm&#252...
Joseph Abraham Friedländer [de] (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi; born at Kolin, Bohemia, 1753; died at Brilon, Westphalia, Nov. 26, 1852. He was the nephew of David Friedl&#228...

401 to 500

401 – 420

Julius Friedländer JE (JE | WP GWP G) German numismatist; born in Berlin June 25, 1813; died there April 4, 1884. After studying at the universities of Bonn and...
Ludwig Friedländer JE (JE | WP GWP G) German philologist; born at Königsberg July 16, 1824. He studied at the universites of Königsberg and Leipsic from...
Ludwig Hermann Friedländer [it] (JE | WP GWP G) German physician; born April 20, 1790, at Königsberg, Prussia; died 1851 at Halle, Saxony. He entered the Königsberg...
Max Friedländer JE (JE | WP GWP G) Journalist; born June 18, 1829, at Pless, Prussian Silesia; died April 20, 1872, at Nice. After studying law at the universities...
Max Friedländer JE (JE | WP GWP G) German writer on music and bass concert-singer; born in Brieg, Silesia, Oct. 12, 1852. A pupil of Manuel Garcia (London) and...
Michael Friedländer JE (JE | WP GWP G) Principal of Jews' College, London; born at Jutroschin, Prussia, April 29, 1833. He studied at the universities of Berlin...
Moritz Friedländer (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian theologian; born in Bur Szt. Georgen, Hungary, 1842; now (1903) residing in Vienna. He was educated at the University...
Solomon Friedländer [de] (JE | WP GWP G) Preacher and physician; born at Brilon, Westphalia, Oct. 23, 1825; died in Chicago Aug. 22, 1860. He studied in Bonn and Heidelberg...
Aaron Zebi Friedman [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) Shocheṭ: born in Stavisk, Poland, March 22, 1822; died in New York city May 17, 1876. At the age of seventeen Friedman...
Löb Behr (Aryeh Dob) Friedman [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) Author and pedagogue; born in 1865 at Suwalki, Russian Poland. He was educated at Boskowitz, Moravia, afterward removing to...
Alfred Friedmann [de] (JE | WP GWP G) German poet and author; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main Oct. 26, 1845. Brought up as a goldsmith, he renounced that occupation...
Bernát Friedmann JE (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian jurist and criminal lawyer; born in Grosswardein Oct. 10, 1843; studied law at the "Rechtsakademie" there and at...
Meïr ben Jeremiah Friedmann (Ish Shalom) JE (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian scholar; born at Kraszna, in the district of Kashau, Hungary, July 10, 1831. At the age of thirteen he entered the...
Moritz Friedmann (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian cantor; born in Hrabócz, Hungary, March 7, 1823; died in Budapest Aug. 29, 1891. Up to 1848 he filled several...
Paul Friedmann JE (JE | WP GWP G) German philanthropist; born at Berlin in the middle of the nineteenth century. Friedmann is of Jewish descent, and is connected...
Siegwart Friedmann [de; sv] (JE | WP GWP G) German actor; born at Budapest April 25, 1842. He was a pupil of Dawison, who not only educated him for the stage, but took...
David b. Zebi Hirsch Friedrichsfeld JE (JE | WP GWP G) German and Hebrew author; born about 1755 in Berlin; died Feb. 19, 1810, in Amsterdam. In the Prussian capital he absorbed...
Friedrichstadt (JE | WP GWP G) Town in the government of Courland, Russia, with a population (1897) of 5,223, of whom 3,800 were Jews. With the admission...
Friendship (JE | WP GWP G) Personal attachment to an individual due to mutual interests or arising from close intimacy or acquaintance.The historical...
Jakob Friedrich Fries (JE | WP GWP G) Christian writer against the Jews; born at Barby, Saxony, Aug. 23, 1773; died at Jena Aug. 10, 1843. In 1801 Fries lectured...

421 – 440

David ben Meïr Friesenhausen (JE | WP GWP G) Bavarian mathematician; born at Friesenhausen about the middle of the eighteenth century; lived at Berlin, and later at Hunfalu...
Jakob Frim (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian educator; born in Körmend May 1, 1852. On his return from a prolonged journey abroad, where he had studied...
Fringes (JE | WP GWP G) Threads with a cord of blue entwined, fastened to the four corners of the Arba' Kanfot and the Tallit and pendent...
David ben Saul Frischman (JE | WP GWP G) Russian Hebraist; born in Lodz 1863; now (1903) residing in Warsaw. Frischman began very early to write both poetry and prose...
Benedetto Frizzi [it; he] (Benzion Raphael Kohen) (JE | WP GWP G) Italian physician and writer; born at Ostiano, Mantua, in 1756; died there May 30, 1844. In his youth he was instructed by...
Frog (JE | WP GWP G) the Hebrew term generally occurs in the plural; twice only in the singular as collective, once with (Ex. viii. 2) and once...
Regina Frohberg (JE | WP GWP G) German writer; born at Berlin Oct. 4, 1783; date of death not known. She was the daughter of a very wealthy merchant by the...
Charles Frohman (JE | WP GWP G) American theatrical manager; born at Sandusky, Ohio, about 1858. He began his theatrical career as advance agent for Haverley&#39...
Daniel Frohman (JE | WP GWP G) American theatrical manager; brother of Charles Frohman; born at Sandusky, Ohio, 1853. He went to New York city in 1866, and...
Frontlets (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P290: Phylacteries
Isaac Hayyim Frosoloni (JE | WP GWP G) Italian poet of the eighteenth century; born at Sienna; died at Leghorn 1794. On the completion of his Hebrew and secular...
Semion Grigoryevich Frug REF:JE (JE | WP GWP G) Russian writer and poet; born 1860 in the Jewish agricultural colony of Bobrovy-Kut, government of Kherson. In 1880 there...
Der Frühling (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P199: Periodicals
Fruit (JE | WP GWP G) See Almond; Apple; Botany; Cookery; Etrog; Fig; Food; Grape; Mulberry; Nuts; Oil; Olive; Palm; Peach; Pear; Pompegrante; St...
Israel Dov (Bär) Frumkin JE (JE | WP GWP G) Hebrew author; born in Dubrovna, Russia, Oct. 29, 1850. His father, Alexander Frumkin, when sixty years old emigrated to Jerusalem...
Simone Fubini [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) Italian physiologist; born May 26, 1841, in Casale Monferrato, Piedmont; died Sept. 6, 1898, at Turin. After finishing his...
Isidor Fuchs [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian journalist; born in Leipnik, near Biala, Galicia, Sept. 25, 1849. He has been active most of his life in journalism...
Fuel (JE | WP GWP G) Mineral coal was unknown to the ancient Hebrews, who used instead wood, manure, and grass for fuel. Wood was never abundant...
Benjamin Fuenn (JE | WP GWP G) Russian physician; son of Samuel Fuenn; born at Wilna in 1848; died there Aug. 12, 1901. Educated at the rabbinical seminary...
Samuel Joseph Fuenn JE (JE | WP GWP G) Russian scholar; born at Wilna Sept., 1819; died there Jan. 11, 1891. He received the usual Talmudic education, and also acquired...

441 – 460

Fugitive (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A2067: Asylum
Aaron ben Moses Fuld [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) German Talmudist; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main Dec. 2, 1790; died there Dec. 2, 1847. Being both a man of means and very...
Ludwig Fuld [de] (JE | WP GWP G) German lawyer and juridical author; born at Mayence Dec. 23, 1859. He received his education at the gymnasium of his native...
Fulda (JE | WP GWP G) District town, on the right shore of the River Fulda in the Prussian province Hessen-Cassel. The Jews settled at Fulda at...
Ludwig Fulda (JE | WP GWP G) German author; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main July 15, 1862. He studied German philology and philosophy at the universities...
Nicolas de Oliver y Fullana [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) Chartographer; born on the island of Majorca; lived there as "Capitan" or "Cavallero Mallorquin" as late as 1650. On Oct....
Fuller (JE | WP GWP G) A cloth-finisher or -cleaner. The Hebrew term is (Mal. iii. 2) or (II Kings xviii. 17; Isa. vii. 3, xxxvi. 3), denoting...
Das Füllhorn (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P199: Periodicals
Fulvia JE (JE | WP GWP G) A Roman lady of high station, converted to Judaism through the teachings of a Jew who had sought refuge in Rome to escape...
Isaac Fundam (JE | WP GWP G) Spanish author and publisher; lived in Amsterdam about 1723. He wrote "Varios y Honestos Entretenimientos en Varios Entremeses...
Fundão (JE | WP GWP G) Chief town in the district of the same name, province of Beira, Portugal. Of the27,000 inhabitants of the entire "conselho"...
Funeral Oration (JE | WP GWP G) the expression of grief over the dead body of a relative or friend in words of lamentation or of praise is of very early origin...
Funeral Rites (JE | WP GWP G) Ceremonies attending the burial of the dead. After the body had been cleansed ("ṭohorah") and placed on the bier (see...
Funes (JE | WP GWP G) Town in Navarre, in the district of Olite; received a fuero (charter) in 1120, containing several clauses in restraint of...
Fünfkirchen (JE | WP GWP G) See Pacs.
Furnace (JE | WP GWP G) Three kinds of structures or apparatus for baking, smelting, etc., were known to the ancient Hebrews: (1) the oven for baking...
Household Furniture (JE | WP GWP G) in the East the house is not as important as in northern countries, since the climate permits an outdoor life in the widest...
Alexander Fürst [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) German physician; born at Braunsberg April 15, 1844; died in Berlin May 25, 1898. He studied medicine at Königsberg,...
Julius Fürst [de] (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi; born at Mannheim Nov. 14, 1826; died there Sept. 5, 1899. He received his secular education at the University...
Julius Fürst JE (JE | WP GWP G) German Hebraist and Orientalist; born May 12, 1805, at Zerkowo, Prussia, where his father, Jacob, was darshan; died at Leipsic...

461 – 480

Livius Fürst [de] (JE | WP GWP G) German physician; born at Leipsic, May 27, 1840; son of the Orientalist Julius Fürst. Livius Fürst studied at the...
Fürstenfeld (JE | WP GWP G) Town in Styria, Austria. Jews began to settle there in 1278, Rudolph of Habsburg having granted (1277) to its inhabitants...
Jacob Raphael Fürstenthal (JE | WP GWP G) German poet, translator, and Hebrew writer; born in Glogau 1781; died at Breslau Feb. 16, 1855. Fürstenthal's attention...
Johann August L. Fürstenthal (JE | WP GWP G) German jurisconsult of the first half of the nineteenth century; a brother of Jacob Raphael Fürstenthal. He embraced...
Abraham Furtado (JE | WP GWP G) French politician; born at London 1756; died at Bordeaux Jan. 29, 1816. His parents were members of a Portuguese Marano family...
Auguste Furtado [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) French banker; born at St. Esprit April 11, 1797; died at Bayonne May 20, 1883. He was a descendant of a Portuguese family...
Cécile Charlotte Furtadoheine (JE | WP GWP G) French philanthropist; born at Paris 1821; died at Rocquencourt (Seine-et-Oise) 1896. Her ancestors on both sides were prominent...
Fürth (JE | WP GWP G) City of Bavaria, Germany. On April 17, 1528, George the Pious, Margrave of Ansbach, permitted two Jews, Perman and Uriel Wolff...
Meyer ben Elhanan Fürth (JE | WP GWP G) German writer and teacher, who belonged only in a restricted sense to the school of the Meassefim, for he was a conservative...

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