Yavoriv (Ukrainian: Яворів, pronounced [ˈjɑ.wo.r⁽ʲ⁾iu̯]; Polish: Jaworów; Yiddish: יאַוואָראָוו, romanized: Yavorov; German: Jaworiw) is a city in Lviv Oblast, western Ukraine. It is situated about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the Polish border. It serves as the administrative centre of Yavoriv Raion and is situated approximately 50 kilometres (31 miles) west of the oblast capital, Lviv. Yavoriv hosts the administration of Yavoriv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Its population is approximately 12,785 (2022 estimate).[2]
Yavoriv
Яворів Jaworów | |
|---|---|
 Yavoriv city hall | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Yavoriv .svg) Yavoriv | |
| Coordinates: 49°56′49″N 23°23′35″E / 49.94694°N 23.39306°E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Lviv Oblast |
| Raion | Yavoriv Raion |
| Hromada | Yavoriv urban hromada |
| First mentioned | 1436 |
| Magdeburg law | 1569 |
| Area | |
| • Total | 23.35 km2 (9.02 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 296 m (971 ft) |
| Population (2022) | |
| • Total | 12,785 |
| • Density | 550/km2 (1,400/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 81000 |
| Area code | +380-3259 |
Not far from it is the watering-place of Shklo with sulphur springs.[3]
History
editThe town was first mentioned in written documents in 1436. It received Magdeburg rights in 1569, from Polish King Sigismund II Augustus. Jaworów was a royal town of Poland. It was a favorite residence of king John III Sobieski.[3] In 1675 John III signed the Polish-French Treaty of Jaworów in the town,[4] and there he also received the congratulations from the Pope on his success against the Turks at Vienna (1683),[3] and ratified the formation of the Holy League alliance in 1684.[5] In 1711, Francis II Rákóczi, Hungarian national hero who found refuge in Poland after the fall of the Rákóczi's War of Independence against Austria, visited the town.[6]
Until the First Partition of Poland, Jaworów was an important center of commerce, located along main merchant route from Jarosław to Lwów. In 1772 it was annexed by the Habsburg Empire, and included within newly formed Austrian Galicia, where it remained until late 1918. In Galicia, it was the seat of a county, with the population of almost 11,000 (Poles, Jews, Ukrainians and Czechs).
In the immediate post-World War I period, the area of Jaworów witnessed fights of the Polish-Ukrainian War. After the war, the town became part of the Second Polish Republic, where it remained until the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II, in September 1939. The Jews of the village were merchants or artisans. There was a synagogue.
During the invasion of Poland, on 14-16 September 1939, Poles defeated invading Germans in the Battle of Jaworów. Despite the victory, the town soon fell to the Soviets, and was under Soviet occupation from 1939 to 1941, and then under German occupation until 1944.
The Jewish population before the German occupation on 26 June 1941 was around 3000.[citation needed] Several hundred Jews were sent to local forced labor camps or to the Belzec extermination camp.[citation needed] A few were transferred to a labour camp in Lviv.[7][better source needed]
In 1944 the town was re-occupied by the Soviets, and in 1945 it was eventually annexed from Poland by the Soviet Union.
After the war, the Soviet Extraordinary State Commission reported that more than 4900 people, most of them Jews, had been killed in Yavoriv, in addition to those sent to Bełżec. Only about 20 of the town's Jews were thought to have survived.[8]
On 27 May 1947 the UPA blew up the statue of Lenin.[9]
In the decades between the 1960s and 1990s the town was a sulphur mining centre;[10] excavation pits and degenerated lands remain between Yavoriv and Novoiavorivsk.[10]
On 10 December 1991 after the dissolution of the Soviet Union it became part of Ukraine.
On 13 March 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Russians bombed the military base in Yavoriv. A Russian defence military spokesperson, Maj. Gen. Igor Konashenkov, claimed the attack killed up to 180 foreign mercenaries.[11] The Ukrainian side claimed there were at least 35 dead and 134 injured.[12][13][14] The attack was heard in neighbouring Poland.[15]
Population
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1921 | 8,910 | — |
| 1931 | 10,690 | +20.0% |
| 2022 | 12,785 | +19.6% |
| Source: [16] | ||
Ethnic groups
editDistribution of the population by ethnicity according to the 2001 census:
Language
editDistribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:[18]
| Language | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Ukrainian | 12 880 | 96.95% |
| Russian | 358 | 2.69% |
| Other or undecided | 47 | 0.36% |
| Total | 13 285 | 100.00 % |
Notable people
editAmong notable people born here are the Russian Orthodox Stefan Yavorsky (1658–1722), an archbishop and the first president of the Most Holy Synod; the poet Osyp Makovei (1867–1925), the Polish literary historian, editor and bibliographer Ludwik Bernacki (1882–1939) the bishop Vasyl Tuchapets of the newly created Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. Władysław Langner (General of the Polish Army), Stanisław Nowakowski (president of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association), and mathematician Wawrzyniec Żmurko. Noted Jewish commentator Rabbi David Altschuler was born or served as rabbi at the local synagogue.[19][20]
Gallery
edit-
Lvivska Street in Yavoriv -
Saints Peter and Paul church -
People's House -
Town center
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.jpg)
International relations
editTwin towns — Sister cities
editYavoriv is twinned with:
| City | Country | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Jarosław |  Poland
|
2006 |
| Węgorzewo | Poland
|
|
| Lubaczów | Poland
|
|
| Havant |  United Kingdom
|
|
| Trakai |  Lithuania
|
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Яворовская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ a b c One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Jaworów". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 294.
- ^ "11 czerwca 1675 roku król Polski Jan III Sobieski i ambasador króla Francji Ludwika XIV podpisali tajny traktat w Jaworowie". Historykon (in Polish). Retrieved 25 October 2020.
- ^ Żygulski jun., Zdzisław (1994). Odsiecz Wiednia 1683 (in Polish). Kraków: Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza. p. 60.
- ^ Z Bogiem za ojczyznę i wolność – o Franciszku II Rakoczym bohaterze Węgier (in Polish). Warszawa: Muzeum Niepodległości w Warszawie. 2016. p. 31. ISBN 978-83-62235-88-9.
- ^ "Yahad - in Unum".
- ^ Megargee, Geoffrey (2012). Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos. Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press. p. Volume II 784-686. ISBN 978-0-253-35599-7.
- ^ Grzegorz Motyka (2006), Ukraińska partyzantka 1942-1960 (in Polish), Warsaw: Instytut Studiów Politycznych PAN, p. 518, ISBN 83-88490-58-3, OCLC 838973434
- ^ a b Grzegorz Rąkowski (2007), Ziemia Lwowska. Przewodnik po Ukrainie Zachodniej. Część III (in Polish), Pruszków: Rewasz, p. 506-511, ISBN 978-83-89188-66-3, OCLC 189428719
- ^ Russia claims to kill ‘180 foreign mercenaries’ in strike on western Ukraine (The Times of Israel, 13 March 2022, 8:23 pm)
- ^ Hugo Bachega (13 March 2022), Ukraine war: 'Sky turned red' as missiles hit Lviv military base, Yavoriv, Ukraine: BBC News
- ^ Luke Harding; Peter Beaumont; Lorenzo Tondo (13 March 2022), "Russia targets Ukrainian military base near Polish border in escalation", The Guardian, Yavoriv & Lviv
- ^ Hubert Ossowski (13 March 2022), Rakiety spadły przy polskiej granicy. Zaatakowano poligon w Jaworowie (in Polish), Wirtualna Polska
- ^ PAP (13 March 2022), Atak na poligon koło Lwowa był słyszalny w Polsce (in Polish), Rzeszów: onet.pl
- ^ Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego (in Polish). Vol. X. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1932. p. 141.
- ^ "Національний склад міст". Datatowel.in.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2024-06-01.
- ^ "Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України" (in Ukrainian).
- ^ "David Altschuler", Wikipedia, 2021-12-18, retrieved 2022-03-02
- ^ "ALTSCHUL, ALTSCHULER, ALTSCHUELER - JewishEncyclopedia.com". www.jewishencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
