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{{Short description|Unix-like operating system from the Soviet era}}
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{{unreferenced|date=November 2008}}
{{otheruses}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox_OS
{{Infobox OS
| name = DEMOS
| name = DEMOS
| logo =
| logo =
| screenshot =
| screenshot =ДЕМОС-ДВК-3.0.jpg
| caption =
| caption =DEMOS-[[DVK]] 3.0, 2011
| developer = [[Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy]], [[DEMOS Co-operative]]
| developer = [[Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy]], DEMOS Co-operative
| source_model = ?
| source model =
| kernel_type = ?
| kernel type = [[Monolithic kernel|Monolithic]]
| supported_platforms = [[SM-4]], [[Elektronika]]-1082, [[Elektronika]]-85, [[BESM]], [[ES EVM]], [[VAX-11]], [[PC/XT]], [[Motorola 68020]]
| supported platforms = [[SM-4]], [[Elektronika-1082]], [[Elektronika-85]], [[BESM]], [[ES EVM]], [[VAX-11]], [[PC/XT]], [[Motorola 68020]]
| ui = [[Command line interface]]
| family = [[Unix]]
| ui = [[Command-line interface]]
| family = [[Unix-like]] ([[BSD]])
| latest_release_version = ?
| released = {{Start date and age|1982}}<!-- If known, add |mm|dd|df=yes -->
| latest_release_date = 1991
| latest release version = 2.x
|marketing_target =
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|1991}}<!-- If known, add |mm|dd|df=yes -->
| language = ?
| discontinued = Yes
| updatemodel =
| marketing target =
| package_manager =
| language = [[Russian language|Russian]]
| working_state = Historical
| update model =
⚫
| license = ?
| package manager =
⚫
| website =
| working state = Discontinued
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| license =
⚫
| website =
| preceded by = [[MNOS (operating system)|MNOS]]
| succeeded by =
}}
}}
'''DEMOS''' (meaning "Dialogovaya Edinaya Mobilnaya Operatsionnaya Sistema" (Диалоговая Единая Мобильная Операционная Система, ДЕМОС), or "Interactive Common Portable Operating System") was a [[Unix-like]] [[operating system]] developed in the [[Soviet Union]]. It was derived from [[BSD Unix]].
'''DEMOS''' ('''Dialogovaya Edinaya Mobilnaya Operatsionnaya Sistema''': {{langx|ru|Диалоговая Единая Мобильная Операционная Система, ДЕМОС|lit=Interactive Unified Portable Operating System}}) is a [[Unix-like]] [[operating system]] developed in the [[Soviet Union]]. It is derived from [[Berkeley Software Distribution]] (BSD) Unix.


== Development ==
Its development was initiated in the [[Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy]] in [[Moscow]] in 1982, and development continued in cooperation from other institutes, and commercialized by [[DEMOS Co-operative]] which employed most key contributors to DEMOS and to its earlier alternative, [[MNOS]] (a clone of [[Version 6 Unix|Unix Version 6]]). [[MNOS]] and DEMOS version 1.x were gradually merged from 1986 until 1990, leaving the joint OS, DEMOS version 2.x, with support for different [[Cyrillic]] [[charsets]] ([[KOI-8]] and [[U-code]], used in DEMOS 1 and MNOS, respectively).
DEMOS's development was initiated in the [[Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy]] in [[Moscow]] in 1982, and development continued in cooperation from other institutes, and commercialized by DEMOS Co-operative which employed most key contributors to DEMOS and to its earlier alternative, [[MNOS (operating system)|MNOS]] (a clone of [[Version 6 Unix]]). MNOS and DEMOS version 1.x were gradually merged from 1986 until 1990, leaving the joint OS, DEMOS version 2.x, with support for different [[Cyrillic script]] [[character encoding]] (charsets) ([[KOI-8]] and [[U-code]], used in DEMOS 1 and MNOS, respectively).


Initially it was developed for [[SM-4]] (a [[PDP-11/40]] clone). Later it was ported to [[Elektronika]]-1082, [[BESM]], [[ES EVM]], clones of [[VAX-11]], and a number of other platforms, including [[PC/XT]], [[Elektronika]]-85 (a clone of [[DEC Professional (computer)|DEC Professional]]), and a number of [[Motorola 68020]]-based microcomputers.
Initially it was developed for [[SM-4]] (a [[PDP-11/40]] clone) and SM-1600. Later it was ported to [[Elektronika-1082]], [[BESM]], [[ES EVM]], clones of [[VAX-11]] (SM-1700), and several other platforms, including [[PC/XT]], [[Elektronika-85]] (a clone of [[DEC Professional (computer)|DEC Professional]]), and several [[Motorola 68020]]-based microcomputers.


The development of DEMOS effectively ceased in 1991, when the second project of the DEMOS team, [[RELCOM]], took priority.
The development of DEMOS effectively ceased in 1991, when the second project of the DEMOS team, [[RELCOM]], took priority.


{{expand Russian|ДЕМОС|date=December 2016}}
The originally suggested name was УНАС (UNAS), which was a [[volapuk (Romanization)|volapuk]]ish word play on Unix; "у них" ("u nih") in Russian means "at theirs", "у нас" ("u nas") means "at ours", but a more serious management dismissed this idea in favor of a traditional "[[Alphabet soup (linguistics)|alphabet soup]]".


==See also==
== See also ==
* [[MOS (operating system)]]
*[[RELCOM]]
*[[MNOS]]


== References ==
{{unix-like}}
* [https://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/879B8965BF0AE0ED80256B67005B738A/$file/dp115.pdf Mapping Russian Cyberspace] — Rafal Rohozinski, [[United Nations Research Institute for Social Development]], 1999

* https://astr0baby.wordpress.com/2016/10/17/soviet-unix-clone-demos/
{{unix-stub}}
* https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/usenet-coup/
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{{no footnotes|date=November 2008}}
{{Unix}}
{{Russian operating systems}}


[[Category:Computing in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Computing in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Soviet inventions]]
[[Category:Soviet inventions]]
[[Category:BSD]]
[[Category:Berkeley Software Distribution]]
[[Category:Unix variants]]

[[ru:ДЕМОС]]
[[pl:DEMOS]]

Latest revision as of 03:04, 3 November 2024

For other uses, see DEMOS (disambiguation).

DEMOS
DEMOS-DVK 3.0, 2011
DeveloperKurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, DEMOS Co-operative
OS familyUnix-like (BSD)
Working stateDiscontinued
Initial release1982; 42 years ago (1982)
Final release2.x / 1991; 33 years ago (1991)
Available inRussian
PlatformsSM-4, Elektronika-1082, Elektronika-85, BESM, ES EVM, VAX-11, PC/XT, Motorola 68020
Kernel typeMonolithic
Default
user interface		Command-line interface
Preceded byMNOS

DEMOS (Dialogovaya Edinaya Mobilnaya Operatsionnaya Sistema: Russian: Диалоговая Единая Мобильная Операционная Система, ДЕМОС, lit. 'Interactive Unified Portable Operating System') is a Unix-like operating system developed in the Soviet Union. It is derived from Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) Unix.

Development

[edit]

DEMOS's development was initiated in the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy in Moscow in 1982, and development continued in cooperation from other institutes, and commercialized by DEMOS Co-operative which employed most key contributors to DEMOS and to its earlier alternative, MNOS (a clone of Version 6 Unix). MNOS and DEMOS version 1.x were gradually merged from 1986 until 1990, leaving the joint OS, DEMOS version 2.x, with support for different Cyrillic script character encoding (charsets) (KOI-8 and U-code, used in DEMOS 1 and MNOS, respectively).

Initially it was developed for SM-4 (a PDP-11/40 clone) and SM-1600. Later it was ported to Elektronika-1082, BESM, ES EVM, clones of VAX-11 (SM-1700), and several other platforms, including PC/XT, Elektronika-85 (a clone of DEC Professional), and several Motorola 68020-based microcomputers.

The development of DEMOS effectively ceased in 1991, when the second project of the DEMOS team, RELCOM, took priority.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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