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{{Short description|Polish politician (1928–2013)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox Minister
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Józef Czyrek
| image = Jozef Czyrek PZPR.jpg
| image = Jozef Czyrek PZPR.jpg
| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| caption = Czyrek in 1981
| office = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
| office = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
| primeminister =
| primeminister =
| predecessor = [[Emil Wojtaszek]]
| predecessor = [[Emil Wojtaszek]]
| successor = [[Stefan Olszowski]]
| successor = [[Stefan Olszowski]]
| term_start = 1980
| term_start = 24 August 1980
| term_end = 1982
| term_end = 21 July 1982
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1928|7|20}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1928|7|20}}
| birth_place =[[Białobrzegi, Podkarpackie Voivodeship|Białobrzegi]], [[Lwów Voivodeship]], [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]]
| birth_place = [[Białobrzegi, Podkarpackie Voivodeship|Białobrzegi]], [[Lwów Voivodeship]], [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2013|6|3|1928|7|20}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2013|6|3|1928|7|20}}
| death_place =Warsaw, Poland
| death_place. = [[Grodzisk Mazowiecki]], Poland
| restingplace =
| restingplace =
| party =[[Polish United Workers' Party]]
| party = [[Polish United Workers' Party]]
⚫
| alma_mater = [[Jagiellonian University]]
| residence =
⚫
| spouse =
⚫
| alma_mater =[[Jagiellonian University]]
⚫
| nationality = [[Polish people|Polish]]
⚫
| spouse =
⚫
| children =
⚫
| nationality = [[Polish people|Polish]]
|awards= {{See below|[[#Awards and decorations|below]]}}
| religion=
⚫
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
⚫
'''Józef Czyrek''' (20 July 1928 – 3 June 2013) was a Polish politician who served as the minister of foreign affairs of the [[People's Republic of Poland (1945-1989)|People's Republic of Poland]] from 1980 to 1982.

⚫
'''Józef Czyrek''' (20 July 1928 – 3 June 2013) was a Polish politician who served as the minister of foreign affairs of [[People's Republic of Poland (1945-1989)|the People's Republic of Poland]] from 1980 to 1982.


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Czyrek was born in [[Białobrzegi, Podkarpackie Voivodeship|Białobrzegi]], in the [[Lwów Voivodeship]] of [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]], in 1928.<ref name=dzieje>{{cite news|title=Józef Czyrek|url=http://dzieje.pl/postacie/jozef-czyrek|accessdate=7 July 2013|newspaper=dzieje|date=1 June 2009}}</ref> He graduated with a bachelor's degree in economics from [[Jagiellonian University]] in 1950.<ref name=dzieje/>
Czyrek was born in [[Białobrzegi, Podkarpackie Voivodeship|Białobrzegi]], in the [[Lwów Voivodeship]] of [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]], in 1928.<ref name=dzieje>{{cite news|title=Józef Czyrek|url=http://dzieje.pl/postacie/jozef-czyrek|access-date=7 July 2013|work=dzieje|date=1 June 2009|language=pl}}</ref> He graduated with a bachelor's degree in economics from [[Jagiellonian University]] in 1950.<ref name=dzieje/>


==Career==
==Career==
Czyrek began his career as a researcher at Jagiellonian University and [[Cracow University of Economics|the University of Economics]] in [[Krakow]].<ref name=dzieje/> In 1952 he joined the ministry of foreign affairs.<ref name=dzieje/> He was a member of the Politburo of [[Polish United Workers' Party|the Polish United Workers' party]] to which he joined in 1955.<ref name=dzieje/><ref name=SavranskayaBlanton2010>{{cite book|author1=Svetlana Savranskaya|author2=Thomas S. Blanton|author3=Vladislav Martinovich Zubok|title=Masterpieces of History: The Peaceful End of the Cold War in Eastern Europe, 1989|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3jCFibmNyIcC&pg=PA292|accessdate=14 June 2013|year=2010|publisher=Central European University Press|isbn=978-963-9776-77-7|pages=292}}</ref> He served as [[Counsel|the counsel]] in [[Belgrade]] (1962 - 1968) and deputy director as well as director of studies and programming department at the ministry of foreign affairs (1969 - 1971).<ref name=dzieje/>
Czyrek began his career as a researcher at Jagiellonian University and [[Cracow University of Economics]].<ref name=dzieje/> In 1952 he joined the ministry of foreign affairs.<ref name=dzieje/> He was a member of the Politburo of the [[Polish United Workers' Party|Polish United Workers' party]] to which he joined in 1955.<ref name=dzieje/><ref>{{cite book|editor1=Svetlana Savranskaya|editor2=Thomas S. Blanton|editor3=Vladislav Martinovich Zubok|title=Masterpieces of History: The Peaceful End of the Cold War in Eastern Europe, 1989|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3jCFibmNyIcC&pg=PA292|year=2010|publisher=Central European University Press|isbn=978-963-9776-77-7|page=292|location=Budapest; New York}}</ref> He served as the [[counsel]] in [[Belgrade]] (1962–1968) and deputy director as well as director of studies and programming department at the ministry of foreign affairs (1969–1971).<ref name=dzieje/>


He was the deputy minister of foreign affairs until August 1980.<ref name=conwatch>{{cite web|title=Protocol (1974)|url=http://www.concordatwatch.eu/showtopic.php?kb_header_id=35481&org_id=931&infoXpg=3|publisher=Concordat Watch|accessdate=14 June 2013}}</ref><ref name=tbalde80>{{cite news|title=Polish premier ousted|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19800825&id=ETFPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=mQIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6217,4986809|accessdate=16 June 2013|newspaper=Toledo Blade|date=25 August 1980|agency=Reuters|location=Warsaw}}</ref> He served as the minister of foreign affairs from August 1980 to 1982, replacing [[Emil Wojtaszek]] in the post.<ref name=rulers13/> In 1981 he was named as the member of the party's secretariat.<ref name=kramer>{{cite journal|last=Kramer|first=Mark|title=Soviet deliberations during the Polish crisis, 1980 - 1981|journal=Cold War International History Project|series=Special Working Papers|issue=1|page=150|url=http://wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/ACF56F.PDF|accessdate=14 July 2013}}</ref> In December 1982, he was appointed vice-president of [[Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth|the Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth (PRON)]].<ref name=dzieje/> Czyrek also acted as top aide to the then Polish president and general secretary of the communist party [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]].<ref name=anne18nov>{{cite news|last=Geyer|first=G. Anne|title=A nation in waiting|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EzlSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OjYNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4891,3915023&dq=j%C3%B3zef+czyrek&hl=en|accessdate=16 June 2013|newspaper=The Victoria Advocate|date=18 November 1989}}</ref> Czyrek participated in [[Polish Round Table Agreement|round table talks]] between the ruling party and opposition figures that lasted from 6 February to 4 April 1989.<ref name=kennedy>{{cite web|last=Kennedy|first=Michael D.|title=Negotiating revolution in Poland|url=http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2002-815-10g-Kennedy.pdf|work=NCEEER|year=2002|accessdate=14 July 2013}}</ref>
He was the deputy minister of foreign affairs until August 1980.<ref>{{cite web|title=Protocol (1974)|work=Concordat Watch|access-date=14 June 2013|url=http://www.concordatwatch.eu/showtopic.php?kb_header_id=35481&org_id=931&infoXpg=3}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Polish premier ousted
|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19800825&id=ETFPAAAAIBAJ&pg=6217,4986809|access-date=16 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Blade (Toledo, Ohio)|Toledo Blade]]|date=25 August 1980|agency=[[Reuters]]|location=Warsaw}}</ref> He was appointed minister of foreign affairs in August 1980, replacing [[Emil Wojtaszek]] in the post. In 1981 he was named as the member of the party's secretariat.<ref>{{cite journal
|author=Mark Kramer|title=Soviet deliberations during the Polish crisis, 1980 - 1981|journal=Cold War International History Project
|issue=1|page=150|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/soviet-deliberations-during-the-polish-crisis-1980-1981}}</ref> Czyrek's tenure as minister of foreign affairs ended in 1982. In December 1982, he was appointed vice-president of the [[Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth]] (PRON).<ref name=dzieje/> Czyrek also acted as top aide to the Polish president and general secretary of the communist party [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]].<ref>{{cite news|author=G. Anne Geyer|title=A nation in waiting|access-date=16 June 2013|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EzlSAAAAIBAJ&pg=4891,3915023&dq=j%C3%B3zef+czyrek&hl=en|newspaper=[[The Victoria Advocate]]|date=18 November 1989}}</ref> Czyrek participated in [[Polish Round Table Agreement|round table talks]] between the ruling party and opposition figures that lasted from 6 February to 4 April 1989.<ref>{{cite web|author=Michael D. Kennedy|title=Negotiating revolution in Poland|work=NCEEER|access-date=14 July 2013|year=2002
|url=http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2002-815-10g-Kennedy.pdf}}</ref>


His term as top aide ended on 30 July 1989 when Jaruzelski resigned from the leadership of the communist party.<ref name=TagliabueTimes>{{cite news|last1=Tagliabue|first1=John|title=Jarzelski quits as party leader; Premier gets post|work=The New York Times|page=1|date=30 July 1989|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/30/world/jaruzelski-quits-as-party-leader-premier-gets-post.html|accessdate=16 June 2013}}</ref> Czyrek also resigned from the communist party's central committee on that date.<ref name=paula>{{cite news|last=Butturini|first=Paula|title=Solidarity Foe Is New Polish Party Chief|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1989-07-30/news/8902210508_1_solidarity-secretaries-party-leadership-positions|accessdate=14 July 2013|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=30 July 1989|location=Warsaw}}</ref><ref name=dnews30july>{{cite news|title=Polish communists pick Hard-liner to lead party|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/57187/POLISH-COMMUNISTS-PICK-HARD-LINER-TO-LEAD-PARTY.html?pg=all|accessdate=14 July 2013|newspaper=Deseret News|date=30 July 1989}}</ref>
His term as top aide ended on 30 July 1989 when Jaruzelski resigned from the leadership of the communist party.<ref>{{cite news|author=John Tagliabue|title=Jarzelski quits as party leader; Premier gets post|work=[[The New York Times]]|page=1|date=30 July 1989|access-date=16 June 2013
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/30/world/jaruzelski-quits-as-party-leader-premier-gets-post.html}}</ref> Czyrek also resigned from the communist party's central committee on that date.<ref>{{cite news|author=Paula Butturini|title=Solidarity Foe Is New Polish Party Chief
|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1989/07/30/solidarity-foe-is-new-polish-party-chief/|access-date=14 July 2013
|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=30 July 1989|location=Warsaw}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Polish communists pick Hard-liner to lead party
|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/57187/POLISH-COMMUNISTS-PICK-HARD-LINER-TO-LEAD-PARTY.html?pg=all|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130714223133/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/57187/POLISH-COMMUNISTS-PICK-HARD-LINER-TO-LEAD-PARTY.html?pg=all|archive-date=14 July 2013|access-date=14 July 2013
|newspaper=[[Deseret News]]|date=30 July 1989}}</ref>


==Death==
==Death==
Czyrek died on 3 June 2013.<ref name=rulers13>{{cite web|title=June 2013|url=http://rulers.org/2013-06.html|publisher=Rulers|accessdate=14 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Józef Czyrek|url=http://nekrologi.wyborcza.pl/0,11,,221360,J%C3%B3zef-Czyrek-nekrolog.html|accessdate=16 June 2013|newspaper=Gazeta|date=7 June 2013}}</ref>
Czyrek died on 3 June 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Józef Czyrek|url=http://nekrologi.wyborcza.pl/0,11,,221360,J%C3%B3zef-Czyrek-nekrolog.html
|access-date=16 June 2013|newspaper=Gazeta|date=7 June 2013|language=pl}}</ref>

==Awards and decorations==
* [[File:POL Order Sztandaru Pracy 1 klasy BAR.svg|60px]] [[Order of the Banner of Labour]], 1st Class
* [[File:POL Order Sztandaru Pracy 2 klasy BAR.svg|60px]] Order of the Banner of Labour, 2nd Class
* [[File:POL Polonia Restituta Komandorski ZG BAR.svg|60px]] Commander's Cross with Star of the [[Order of Polonia Restituta]]
* [[File:POL Polonia Restituta Komandorski BAR.svg|60px]] Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta
* [[File:POL Polonia Restituta Kawalerski BAR.svg|60px]] Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta
* [[File:POL Złoty Krzyż Zasługi BAR.svg|60px]] Gold [[Cross of Merit (Poland)|Cross of Merit]]
* [[File:POL Srebrny Krzyż Zasługi BAR.svg|60px]] Silver Cross of Merit (1955)<ref>{{Monitor Polski|1955|89|1079}}.</ref>
* [[File:POL Medal 30-lecia Polski Ludowej BAR.svg|60px]] [[Medal of the 30th Anniversary of People's Poland]]
* [[File:POL Medal 40-lecia Polski Ludowej BAR.svg|60px]] [[Medal of the 40th Anniversary of People's Poland]]
* [[File:POL Odznaka im. Ludwika Waryńskiego BAR.png|60px]] Medal od Ludwik Waryński (1988)<ref>{{Cite magazine |magazine= Życie Partii |date= 8 March 1989 |page= 20 |language=pl}}</ref>
* [[File:Legion Honneur Commandeur ribbon.svg|60px]] Commander of the [[Legion of Honour]]
* [[File:AUT Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria - 4th Class BAR.svg|60px]] Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Star of the [[Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria]] (Austria, 1974)<ref>[http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf Aufstellung aller durch den Bundespräsidenten verliehenen Ehrenzeichen für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ab 1952] (list of decorated 1952–2012) {{in lang|de}}.</ref>
* [[File:PRT Order of Prince Henry - Grand Officer BAR.svg|60px]] Grand Officer of the [[Order of Prince Henry]] (Portugal, 1976)<ref>{{Cite web |publisher = Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas | url=http://www.ordens.presidencia.pt/?idc=154&list=1 |title = Ordem do Infante D. Henrique |date = 1976}}</ref>
* [[File:SU Order of the October Revolution ribbon.svg|60px]] [[Order of the October Revolution]] (USSR, 1988)<ref>{{Cite magazine |title= Order of the October Revolution for J. Czyrek |magazine= Trybuna Robotnicza |date= 27 December 1988 |page= 4 |language=pl}}</ref>
* [[File:40 years of victory rib.png|60px]] [[Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"]] (USSR, 1985)<ref>{{Cite magazine |magazine= Życie Partii |date= 22 May 1985 |page= 21 |language=pl}}</ref>
* [[File:100th anniversary of the birth of Georgi Dimitrov medal ribbon.svg|60px]] 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Georgi Dimitrov Medal (Bulgaria, 1983)<ref>{{Cite magazine |magazine= Wojskowy Przegląd Historyczny |date= January 1984 |page= 116 |language=pl}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|33em}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
*{{Commons-inline}}
{{Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Poland|state=collapsed}}
{{Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Poland|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Czyrek, Jozef}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Czyrek, Jozef}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:Burials at Powązki Military Cemetery]]
[[Category:People from Łańcut County]]
[[Category:People from Łańcut County]]
[[Category:Polish People's Party (1945–49) politicians]]
[[Category:People from Lwów Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Polish People's Party (1945–1949) politicians]]
[[Category:United People's Party (Poland) politicians]]
[[Category:United People's Party (Poland) politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Party]]
[[Category:Members of the Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Party]]
[[Category:Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Poland]]
[[Category:Ministers of foreign affairs of Poland]]
[[Category:Members of the Sejm of the Polish People's Republic (1985–89)]]
[[Category:Members of the Polish Sejm 1985–1989]]
[[Category:Polish Round Table Talks participants]]
[[Category:Polish Round Table Talks participants]]
[[Category:Polish economists]]
[[Category:20th-century Polish economists]]
[[Category:Jagiellonian University alumni]]
[[Category:Jagiellonian University alumni]]
[[Category:Jagiellonian University faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Jagiellonian University]]
[[Category:Commanders with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta]]
[[Category:Commanders with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of Polonia Restituta]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of Polonia Restituta]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Banner of Work]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Banner of Work]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Gold Cross of Merit (Poland)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Medal of the 40th Anniversary of the People's Republic of Poland]]

Latest revision as of 00:46, 10 December 2024

Józef Czyrek
Czyrek in 1981
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
24 August 1980 – 21 July 1982
Preceded byEmil Wojtaszek
Succeeded byStefan Olszowski
Personal details
Born(1928-07-20)20 July 1928
Białobrzegi, Lwów Voivodeship, Poland
Died3 June 2013(2013-06-03) (aged 84)
Political partyPolish United Workers' Party
Alma materJagiellonian University
Awards(see below)

Józef Czyrek (20 July 1928 – 3 June 2013) was a Polish politician who served as the minister of foreign affairs of the People's Republic of Poland from 1980 to 1982.

Early life and education

[edit]

Czyrek was born in Białobrzegi, in the Lwów Voivodeship of Poland, in 1928.[1] He graduated with a bachelor's degree in economics from Jagiellonian University in 1950.[1]

Career

[edit]

Czyrek began his career as a researcher at Jagiellonian University and Cracow University of Economics.[1] In 1952 he joined the ministry of foreign affairs.[1] He was a member of the Politburo of the Polish United Workers' party to which he joined in 1955.[1][2] He served as the counsel in Belgrade (1962–1968) and deputy director as well as director of studies and programming department at the ministry of foreign affairs (1969–1971).[1]

He was the deputy minister of foreign affairs until August 1980.[3][4] He was appointed minister of foreign affairs in August 1980, replacing Emil Wojtaszek in the post. In 1981 he was named as the member of the party's secretariat.[5] Czyrek's tenure as minister of foreign affairs ended in 1982. In December 1982, he was appointed vice-president of the Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth (PRON).[1] Czyrek also acted as top aide to the Polish president and general secretary of the communist party Wojciech Jaruzelski.[6] Czyrek participated in round table talks between the ruling party and opposition figures that lasted from 6 February to 4 April 1989.[7]

His term as top aide ended on 30 July 1989 when Jaruzelski resigned from the leadership of the communist party.[8] Czyrek also resigned from the communist party's central committee on that date.[9][10]

Death

[edit]

Czyrek died on 3 June 2013.[11]

Awards and decorations

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Józef Czyrek". dzieje (in Polish). 1 June 2009. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  2. ^ Svetlana Savranskaya; Thomas S. Blanton; Vladislav Martinovich Zubok, eds. (2010). Masterpieces of History: The Peaceful End of the Cold War in Eastern Europe, 1989. Budapest; New York: Central European University Press. p. 292. ISBN 978-963-9776-77-7.
  3. ^ "Protocol (1974)". Concordat Watch. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  4. ^ "Polish premier ousted". Toledo Blade. Warsaw. Reuters. 25 August 1980. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  5. ^ Mark Kramer. "Soviet deliberations during the Polish crisis, 1980 - 1981". Cold War International History Project (1): 150.
  6. ^ G. Anne Geyer (18 November 1989). "A nation in waiting". The Victoria Advocate. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  7. ^ Michael D. Kennedy (2002). "Negotiating revolution in Poland" (PDF). NCEEER. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  8. ^ John Tagliabue (30 July 1989). "Jarzelski quits as party leader; Premier gets post". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  9. ^ Paula Butturini (30 July 1989). "Solidarity Foe Is New Polish Party Chief". Chicago Tribune. Warsaw. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  10. ^ "Polish communists pick Hard-liner to lead party". Deseret News. 30 July 1989. Archived from the original on 14 July 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  11. ^ "Józef Czyrek". Gazeta (in Polish). 7 June 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  12. ^ M.P. z 1955 r. Nr 89, poz. 1079.
  13. ^ Życie Partii (in Polish). 8 March 1989. p. 20. {{cite magazine}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  14. ^ Aufstellung aller durch den Bundespräsidenten verliehenen Ehrenzeichen für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ab 1952 (list of decorated 1952–2012) (in German).
  15. ^ "Ordem do Infante D. Henrique". Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas. 1976.
  16. ^ "Order of the October Revolution for J. Czyrek". Trybuna Robotnicza (in Polish). 27 December 1988. p. 4.
  17. ^ Życie Partii (in Polish). 22 May 1985. p. 21. {{cite magazine}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  18. ^ Wojskowy Przegląd Historyczny (in Polish). January 1984. p. 116. {{cite magazine}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
[edit]
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