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1894–95 United States Senate elections

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1894–95 United States Senate elections
← 1892 & 1893 Dates vary by state 1896 & 1897 →
30 of the 88 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections)
45 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader John Sherman[a] Arthur Pue Gorman[b]
Party Republican Democratic
Leader since March 4, 1891 March 4, 1889
Leader's seat Ohio Maryland
Seats before 37 44
Seats won 18 10
Seats after 39 40
Seat change Increase 2 Decrease 4
Seats up 16 14
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Populist Silver
Seats before 3 1
Seats won 1 0
Seats after 4 1
Seat change Increase 1 Steady
Seats up 0 0
Results of the elections:
     Democratic hold
     Republican gain      Republican hold
     Populist gain      Legislature failed to elect
Majority Party before election


Democratic

Elected Majority Party


Republican

The 1894–95 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1894 and 1895, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.

The Republican Party gained plurality control of the Senate with the support of the Populist Party and Silver Party.

Results summary

Senate party division, 54th Congress (1895–1897)

  • Plurality: Republican: 42
  • Minority: Democrats: 39
  • Other parties: Populist: 4, Silver: 2
  • Total: 88
  • Vacant: 1, due to failure to elect. Later filled by a Democrat

Change in composition

Before the elections

At the beginning of 1894, including early elections in Mississippi and Virginia.

D1 D2 D3 D4
D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5
D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24
D34
Ky.
Ran 		D33
Ga.
Ran 		D32
Ark.
Ran 		D31
Ala.
Ran 		D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25
D35
La.
Ran 		D36
N.C.
Ran 		D37
S.C.
Ran 		D38
Tenn.
Ran 		D39
W.Va.
Ran 		D40
Kan.
Unknown 		D41
N.J.
Unknown 		D42
Miss.
Retired 		D43
Texas
Retired 		D44
Va.
Retired
Majority with vacancies →
R35
Iowa
Retired 		R36
Mont.
Retired 		R37
R.I.
Retired 		S1 P1 P2 P3 V3 V2 V1
R34
Neb.
Unknown 		R33
Wyo.
Ran 		R32
S.D.
Ran 		R31
Ore.
Ran 		R30
N.H.
Ran 		R29
Minn.
Ran 		R28
Mich.
Ran 		R27
Mass.
Ran 		R26
Maine
Ran 		R25
Ill.
Ran
R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22
Colo.
Ran 		R23
Del.
Ran 		R24
Idaho
Ran
R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5
R1 R2 R3 R4

Result of the general elections

D1 D2 D3 D4
D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5
D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24
D34
La.
Appointee elected[c] 		D33
Ky.
Re-elected 		D32
Ark.
Re-elected 		D31
Ala.
Re-elected 		D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25
D35
Tenn.
Re-elected 		D36
Ga.
Hold 		D37
Miss.
Hold[d] 		D38
S.C.
Hold 		D39
Texas
Hold 		D40
Va.
Hold[d] 		P4
N.C.
Gain 		P3 V1 V2
No majority
R35
R.I.
Hold 		R36
Wyo.
Hold 		R37
Kan.
Gain 		R38
N.J.
Gain 		R39
W.Va.
Gain 		S1 P1 P2 V4
Del.
R Loss 		V3
R34
Ore.
Hold 		R33
Neb.
Hold 		R32
Mont.
Hold 		R31
Minn.
Hold 		R30
Iowa
Hold 		R29
S.D.
Re-elected 		R28
N.H.
Re-elected 		R27
Mich.
Re-elected 		R26
Mass.
Re-elected 		R25
Maine
Re-elected
R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22
Colo.
Re-elected 		R23
Idaho
Re-elected 		R24
Ill.
Re-elected
R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5
R1 R2 R3 R4

Result of the special elections and party change

D1
Calif.
Appointee elected 		D2
La.
Appointee elected 		D3 D4
D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5
D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24
D34
La.
Appointee elected[c] 		D33 D32 D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25
D35 D36
Ga.
Appointee elected 		D37
Miss.
Hold 		D38 D39 P4 P3 P2 P1 V1
↓ Republican plurality (majority with Silver support →) S1
R35 R36 R37 R38 R39
Mont.
Gain
from V 		R40
Wash.
Gain
from V 		R41
Wyo.
Gain
from V 		R42
N.C.
Gain
from D 		S2
Nev.
Changed from R
R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R25
R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24
R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5
R1
Mich.
Hold 		R2 R3 R4
Key:
D# Democratic
P# Populist
R# Republican
S# Silver
V# Vacant

Race summaries

Elections during the 53rd Congress

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1894 or in 1895 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Mississippi
(Class 2) 		Edward C. Walthall Democratic 1885 (appointed)
1886 (special)
1889
1892 (early) 		Incumbent resigned due to ill health.
New senator elected February 7, 1894.
Democratic hold.
Walthall, however, had already been re-elected to next term.[2]
Louisiana
(Class 2) 		Donelson Caffery Democratic 1892 (appointed) Interim appointee elected May 23, 1894.[3]
Winner had already been elected to the next term; see below.
Louisiana
(Class 3) 		Newton C. Blanchard Democratic 1894 (appointed) Interim appointee elected May 23, 1894.[4]
Georgia
(Class 2) 		Patrick Walsh Democratic 1894 (appointed) Interim appointee elected November 7, 1894.[5]
Winner was not elected to the next term; see below.
North Carolina
(Class 3) 		Thomas Jarvis Democratic 1894 (appointed) Interim appointee retired or lost election to finish the term.
New senator elected November 7, 1894.
Republican gain.
New senator qualified January 23, 1895.
Montana
(Class 1) 		Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.
New senator elected January 16, 1895.
Republican gain.
Wyoming
(Class 1) 		Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.
New senator elected January 23, 1895.
Republican gain.
California
(Class 3) 		George C. Perkins Republican 1893 (appointed) Interim appointee elected January 23, 1895.[6]
Michigan
(Class 1) 		John Patton Jr. Republican 1894 (appointed) Interim appointee lost election to finish the term.
New senator elected January 24, 1895.
Republican hold.
Washington
(Class 1) 		Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.
New senator elected February 1, 1895.
Republican gain.

Elections leading to the 54th Congress

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1895; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Alabama John T. Morgan Democratic 1876
1882
1888 		Incumbent re-elected in 1894.
Arkansas James Berry Democratic 1885 (special)
1889 		Incumbent re-elected in 1895.
Colorado Edward O. Wolcott Republican 1889 Incumbent re-elected in 1895.
Delaware Anthony C. Higgins Republican 1888–89 Legislature failed to elect.
Republican loss. 		▌Anthony C. Higgins (Republican)
[data missing]
Georgia Patrick Walsh Democratic 1894 (special) Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected in 1894.
Democratic hold.
Idaho George Shoup Republican 1890 Incumbent re-elected in 1895.
Illinois Shelby M. Cullom Republican 1882
1888 		Incumbent re-elected in 1894.
Iowa James F. Wilson Republican 1888 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 17, 1894.[7]
Republican hold.
Kansas John Martin Democratic 1893 (special) Incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected in January 1895.
Republican gain.
Kentucky William Lindsay Democratic 1893 (special) Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1894.[8]
Louisiana Donelson Caffery Democratic 1891 (appointed) Interim appointee elected May 14, 1894.[9]
Winner was later elected to finish the current term; see below.
Maine William P. Frye Republican 1881 (special)
1883
1889 		Incumbent re-elected in 1895.
Massachusetts George F. Hoar Republican 1877
1883
1889 		Incumbent re-elected in 1895.
Michigan James McMillan Republican 1889 Incumbent re-elected in 1895.
Minnesota W. D. Washburn Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1895.
Republican hold.
Mississippi Anselm J. McLaurin Democratic 1894 (special) Incumbent retired as predecessor had already been elected early to the next term January 20, 1892.[2]
Democratic hold.
Montana Thomas C. Power Republican 1890 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in January 1895.[10]
Republican hold.
Nebraska Charles F. Manderson Republican 1883
1888 		Incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected January 15, 1895.
Republican hold.
New Hampshire William E. Chandler Republican 1887 (special)
1889 (failure to elect)
1889 (special) 		Incumbent re-elected in 1895.
New Jersey John R. McPherson Democratic 1877
1883
1889 		Incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1895.
Republican gain.
North Carolina Matt W. Ransom Democratic 1872 (special)
1876
1883
1889 		Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1894.
Populist gain.
Oregon Joseph N. Dolph Republican 1882
1888 		Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected February 23, 1895.[11]
Republican hold.
Rhode Island Nathan F. Dixon III Republican 1889 (special) Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1894.
Republican hold.
South Carolina Matthew Butler Democratic 1876
1882
1888 		Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected in 1894.
Democratic hold.
South Dakota Richard F. Pettigrew Republican 1889 Incumbent re-elected in 1894.
Tennessee Isham G. Harris Democratic 1877
1883
1889 		Incumbent re-elected in 1895.
Texas Richard Coke Democratic 1876
1882
1888 		Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1894.
Democratic hold.
Virginia Eppa Hunton Democratic 1892 (appointed)
1893 (special) 		Incumbent retired.
New senator was already elected early December 19, 1893.[12]
Democratic hold.
West Virginia Johnson N. Camden Democratic 1893 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected January 23, 1895.[13]
Republican gain.
Wyoming Joseph M. Carey Republican 1890 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1895.
Republican hold.

Elections during the 54th Congress

There were no elections in 1895 after March 4.

Alabama

See also: List of United States senators from Alabama

Former brigadier general in the Confederate States Army John T. Morgan[14] was re-elected as one of the two senators in the state of Alabama. His tenure as senator ended in 1907 when he died in office.[15]

Arkansas

See also: List of United States senators from Arkansas

California (special)

See also: List of United States senators from California

Colorado

See also: List of United States senators from Colorado

Delaware

See also: List of United States senators from Delaware

Georgia

See also: List of United States senators from Georgia

Georgia (special)

See also: List of United States senators from Georgia

Idaho

See also: List of United States senators from Idaho

Illinois

See also: List of United States senators from Illinois

Iowa

See also: List of United States senators from Iowa

Kansas

See also: List of United States senators from Kansas

Kentucky

See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky

Louisiana

See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana

Interim appointee Donelson Caffery (D) was elected May 14, 1894 to the next term. He was later (May 23, 1894) elected to finish the current term.

Louisiana (special, class 2)

See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana

Randall L. Gibson (D) had been re-elected in 1889, but died December 15, 1892. Donelson Caffery (D) was appointed by the Governor of Louisiana December 31, 1892 to continue the term, pending a special election. On May 14, 1894, Caffery was elected to the next term, and on May 23, 1894, Caffery was elected to finish the current term.

Louisiana (special, class 3)

See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana

Edward Douglass White (D) had been elected in 1891, but resigned March 12, 1894 when appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Newton C. Blanchard (D) was appointed by the Governor of Louisiana March 12, 1894 to continue the term, pending a special election. On May 23, 1894, Blanchard was elected to finish the current term, which would end March 3, 1897.

Maine

See also: List of United States senators from Maine

Massachusetts

See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts

Michigan

See also: List of United States senators from Michigan

Michigan (special)

See also: List of United States senators from Michigan

Minnesota

See also: List of United States senators from Minnesota

Mississippi

Main article: 1892 United States Senate elections in Mississippi
See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi

Mississippi (special)

See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi and 1892 United States Senate elections in Mississippi

Montana

See also: List of United States senators from Montana

Montana (special)

See also: List of United States senators from Montana

Nebraska

See also: List of United States senators from Nebraska

New Hampshire

See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire

New Jersey

See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey

North Carolina

See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina

North Carolina (special)

See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina

Oregon

See also: List of United States senators from Oregon

Rhode Island

See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island

South Carolina

See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina

South Dakota

See also: List of United States senators from South Dakota

Tennessee

See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee

Texas

See also: List of United States senators from Texas

Virginia

Main article: 1893 United States Senate election in Virginia
See also: List of United States senators from Virginia

Washington (special)

See also: List of United States senators from Washington

John B. Allen (R) had been elected in 1889 as one of the first senators from Washington. In 1893, however, the Washington State Legislature failed to elect a senator for the term beginning March 4, 1893. The governor appointed Allen to serve until March 20, 1893, but the Senate rejected his credentials.

John L. Wilson (R) was elected February 1, 1895 to finish the term, that would end March 3, 1899, taking his seat February 19, 1895.

West Virginia

See also: List of United States senators from West Virginia

Wyoming

See also: List of United States senators from Wyoming

Wyoming (special)

See also: List of United States senators from Wyoming

See also

Notes

  1. ^ as Republican Conference Chair
  2. ^ as Democratic Caucus Chair
  3. ^ a b Same result for this seat in general and special elections
  4. ^ a b Elected early
  1. ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
  2. ^ a b c "GEORGE AND WALTHALL ELECTED". The New York Times. January 20, 1892. p. 1.
  3. ^ Byrd, p. 114.
  4. ^ Byrd, p. 115.
  5. ^ Byrd, p. 96.
  6. ^ Byrd, p. 83.
  7. ^ Clark, p. 234.
  8. ^ Kleber, John E. (1992). The Kentucky Encyclopedia. University Press of Kentucky. p. 558. ISBN 0-8131-2883-8.
  9. ^ a b "MR. CAFFERY HIS OWN SUCCESSOR". The New York Times. May 15, 1894. p. 1.
  10. ^ Goodspeed, p. 457.
  11. ^ "George Wycliffe McBride". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. United States Congress. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
  12. ^ ""TWO VIRGINIA SENATORS ELECTED"". The New York Times. December 20, 1893.
  13. ^ a b "Elkins Elected in West Virginia". The New York Times. January 24, 1895. p. 5.
  14. ^ "The Selma Times-Journal 15 Mar 1924, page 8".
  15. ^ Fry, Joseph A. (1992). John Tyler Morgan and the search for southern autonomy. University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 978-0-87049-753-7.

References

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