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Biathlon at the Winter Olympics

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Biathlon at the Winter Olympics
IOC CodeBTH
Governing bodyIBU
Events11 (men: 5; women: 5; mixed: 1)
Winter Olympics
Note: demonstration or exhibition sport years indicated in italics

Biathlon debuted at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, California with the men's 20 km individual event. At the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, the men's 4 × 7.5 km relay debuted, followed by the 10 km sprint event at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York. Beginning at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, women's biathlon debuted with the 15 km individual, 3 × 7.5 km relay (4 × 7.5 km during 1994–2002, and 4 × 6 km in 2006), and 7.5 km sprint. A pursuit race (12.5 km for men and 10 km for women) was included at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. The top 60 finishers of the sprint race (10 km for men and 7.5 km for women) would qualify for the pursuit event. The sprint winner starts the race, followed by each successive biathlete at the same time interval they trailed the sprint winner in that event. At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, a mass start (15 km for men and 12.5 km for women) was introduced where the top 30 biathletes from the previous four events were allowed to start together for the competition.

Military patrol

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Main article: Military patrol at the Winter Olympics

Prior to the biathlon debut at the 1960 Winter Olympics, there was a military patrol event that was held at four Winter Olympic Games: 1924, 1928, 1936, and 1948. Medals were awarded for military patrol in 1924, but it was a demonstration event for the other three Winter Games. Military patrol is considered by the International Biathlon Union to be the precursor to biathlon.[1]

Summary

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Games Year Events Best Nation
1 1924 1  Switzerland (1)
2 1928 1  Norway (1)
3
4 1936 1  Italy (1)
5 1948 1  Switzerland (2)
6
7
8 1960 1  Sweden (1)
9 1964 1  Soviet Union (1)
10 1968 2  Soviet Union (2)
11 1972 2  Soviet Union (3)
12 1976 2  Soviet Union (4)
13 1980 3  Soviet Union (5)
Games Year Events Best Nation
14 1984 3  Norway (2)
15 1988 3  East Germany (1)
16 1992 6  Germany (1)
17 1994 6  Russia (1)
18 1998 6  Norway (3)
19 2002 8  Norway (4)
20 2006 10  Germany (2)
21 2010 10  Norway (5)
22 2014 11  Norway (6)
23 2018 11  Germany (3)
24 2022 11  Norway (7)
25 2026 11

Events

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Men's

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• = official event, (d) = demonstration event

Event 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 18 22 Years
Military patrol • (d) (d) (d) 4
individual (20 km) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 17
relay (4×7.5 km) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 15
sprint (10 km) • • • • • • • • • • • • 12
pursuit (12.5 km) • • • • • • 6
mass start (15 km) • • • • • 5
Total events 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 5

Women's

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• = official event, (d) = demonstration event

Event 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 18 22 Years
individual (15 km) • • • • • • • • • 9
relay (4×6 km) [2] • • • • • • • • • 9
sprint (7.5 km) • • • • • • • • • 9
pursuit (10 km) • • • • • • 6
mass start (12.5 km) • • • • • 5
Total events 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 5

Mixed

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Event 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 18 22 Years
relay (4×6 km) [3] • • • 3
Total events 1 1 1

Medal table

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See also: List of Olympic medalists in biathlon

Sources (after the 2022 Winter Olympics):[4]
Accurate as of 2022 Winter Olympics and IOC Executive Board decision of May 19, 2022 to redistribute medals in the biathlon women's 4x6km event at the 2014 Winter Olympics.

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Norway22181555
2 Germany20211354
3 France1291132
4 Russia105823
5 Soviet Union95519
6 Sweden66618
7 Belarus44311
8 East Germany34411
9 Slovakia3317
10 Unified Team2226
11 Canada2013
12 West Germany1225
13 Ukraine1135
14 Bulgaria1012
15 Czech Republic0448
16 Finland0426
17 Austria0336
18 Italy0167
19 ROC (ROC)0134
20 Slovenia0112
21 Kazakhstan0101
 Poland0101
 Switzerland0101
24 Croatia0011
Totals (24 entries)969795288
Notes

Number of biathletes by nation

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Nation 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 18 22 Years
 Andorra               1 1
 Argentina               4 3 3 7 1 2 1 7
 Australia               1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 8
 Austria               4 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 9 9 10 15
 Belarus               11 9 11 10 9 10 10 10 8
 Belgium               2 5 2
 Brazil               1 1
 Bosnia and Herzegovina               2 1 1 3
 Bulgaria               2 2 3 5 10 5 5 5 6 6 6 10 8 13
 Canada               5 5 9 7 6 1 7 8 8 10 8 11
 Chile               2 2 2
 China               5 5 8 4 4 5 6 6 5 2 8 11
 Chinese Taipei               2 1 2
 Costa Rica               1 1
 Croatia               1 1 2 3
 Czech Republic               10 8 10 10 10 10 11 10 8
 Denmark               1 1 2
 Estonia               8 9 4 4 6 9 9 6 8 9
 Finland               4 4 6 5 4 6 5 5 9 9 7 9 1 4 4 8 8 17
 France               4 1 6 5 5 5 4 7 10 11 10 10 9 11 12 12 12 17
 Germany               10 9 11 11 10 12 12 12 11 11
 Great Britain               2 4 5 4 4 4 6 4 5 4 2 4 2 1 2 1 16
 Greece               2 1 1 2 1 2 1 7
 Guam               1 1
 Hungary               1 5 1 9 5 5 3 2 1 1 10
 Italy               5 4 5 5 6 10 6 6 10 10 10 10 11 10 14
 Japan               2 4 4 5 4 4 4 3 2 8 8 9 2 5 6 6 16
 Kazakhstan               2 8 2 2 9 10 10 3 8
 Kyrgyzstan               1 1 1 3
 Latvia               4 5 5 5 9 9 2 3 1 9
 Lithuania               2 2 1 2 2 1 2 4 5 9
 Moldova               2 2 2 4 2 1 4 7
 Mongolia               4 2 2
 Norway               3 4 5 5 4 5 5 6 12 11 9 9 10 11 12 11 12 17
 New Zealand               1 1 2
 Poland               4 6 5 4 9 10 9 5 10 10 10 7 5 13
 Puerto Rico               1 1
 Romania               4 4 5 4 5 6 5 2 4 5 5 2 6 2 14
 Russia               10 11 11 12 11 12 6
 Serbia               1 1 2
 Slovenia               5 6 9 10 8 8 6 7 6 9
 Slovakia               6 5 6 10 10 8 10 8 8
 South Korea               1 5 4 1 2 1 2 2 6 3 10
 Spain               2 1 1 2 4
 Switzerland               4 3 2 1 1 3 1 4 2 6 9 10 8 13
 Sweden               4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 10 10 8 5 6 10 5 10 11 17
 Ukraine               10 10 11 10 11 11 11 10 8
 United States               4 4 5 4 5 6 6 5 11 9 9 8 9 9 10 10 8 17
NOCs no longer competing at the Winter Olympics
 Czechoslovakia               2 5 5 4 5 5 10 7
 East Germany               5 5 5 4 4 6 6
 Olympic Athletes from Russia               4 1
 Serbia and Montenegro               1 1
 ROC               10 1
 Soviet Union               4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 8
 Unified Team               11 1
 United Team of Germany               4 4 2
 West Germany               4 2 6 6 4 5 6
 Yugoslavia               1 6 1 4 4
Nations - - - - - - - 9 14 16 14 18 18 25 22 28 32 32 34 37 37 36 28 30 56
Biathletes - - - - - - - 30 51 72 62 74 76 95 90 196 193 183 190 204 221 216 219 212 1583
Year 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 18 22

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "A Quick Look at Biathlon through the Years". International Biathlon Union - IBU. 2022-01-04. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  2. ^ The women's relay has been contested over three different distances: 3×7.5 km (1992), 4×7.5 km (1994–2002) and 4×6 km (2006–10)
  3. ^ The mixed relay has been contested over two different distances: 2×6 km + 2×7.5 km (2014–18) and 4×6 km (2022)
  4. ^ "Olympic Analytics - Medals by Countries". olympanalyt.com. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
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