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Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services

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This article is about the head of the armed forces of Myanmar. For other uses, see Commander-in-chief.
Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
တပ်မတော်ကာကွယ်ရေးဦးစီးချုပ်
Flag of Commander-in-Chief
since 30 March 2011
StyleHis Excellency
AbbreviationC-in-C DS
Member ofNational Defence and Security Council
SeatNaypyidaw, Myanmar
NominatorNational Defence and Security Council
AppointerState President
Formation1945
First holderMajor General Aung San
Unofficial namesတပ်ချုပ်၊ကာချုပ်
DeputyDeputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
WebsiteOfficial website

The Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services (Burmese: တပ်မတော်ကာကွယ်ရေးဦးစီးချုပ်, romanized: Tatmadaw Kakweyay Uzigyoke) is the supreme commander of the Tatmadaw, the armed forces of Myanmar. Since a state of emergency was declared following the 2021 military coup d'état, the Commander-in-Chief has been the highest authority in the country, with plenary power delegated by the president and the National Defence and Security Council (NDSC). Even in peacetime, however, the Tatmadaw is an independent branch of government under control of the Commander-in-Chief, though certain actions of the Commander-in-Chief require the approval of the NDSC.

According to the 2008 Constitution of Myanmar, the Commander-in-Chief is appointed by the President upon nomination by the NDSC, chaired by the President; the Commander-in-Chief is also a member of the NDSC. Article 418 of the 2008 Constitution allows the Commander-in-Chief broad authority over the government if the president declares a state of emergency in coordination with the NDSC. This happened after the 2021 military coup d'état: military-installed acting president Myint Swe declared a state of emergency and transferred power to Commander-in-Chief, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, who then formed a military junta—the State Administration Council.[1][2][3]

The current Commander-in-Chief is Min Aung Hlaing, since 30 March 2011.[4] By law, the Commander-in-Chief must be under the age of 65.[5] However, Min Aung Hlaing, who turned 65 on 3 July 2021, has remained in office.

List of commanders-in-chief

[edit]
No. Portrait Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services[6] Took office Left office Time in office Defence branch
1
Aung San
San, AungMajor General
Aung San
(1915–1947)
[a]		194519 July 1947 †2 years
Patriotic Burmese Forces
2
Let Yar
Yar, LetBrigadier
Let Yar
(1911–1978)
[b]		19 July 19474 January 1948169 days
Burma Army
3
Smith Dun
Dun, SmithLieutenant General
Smith Dun
(1906–1979)
[c]		4 January 194831 January 19491 year, 27 days
Burma Army
4
Ne Win
Win, NeGeneral
Ne Win
(1910–2002)
[d]		1 February 194920 April 197223 years, 79 days
Burma Army
5
San Yu
Yu, SanGeneral
San Yu
(1918–1996)
[e]		20 April 19721 March 19741 year, 315 days
Burma Army
6
Tin Oo
Oo, TinGeneral
Tin Oo
(1927–2024)
[f]		1 March 19746 March 19762 years, 5 days
Burma Army
7
Kyaw Htin
Htin, KyawGeneral
Kyaw Htin
(1925–1996)		6 March 19763 November 19859 years, 242 days
Burma Army
8
Saw Maung
Maung, SawSenior General
Saw Maung
(1928–1997)		4 November 198522 April 19926 years, 170 days Myanmar Army
9
Than Shwe
Shwe, ThanSenior General
Than Shwe
(born 1933)		22 April 199230 March 201118 years, 342 days Myanmar Army
10
Min Aung Hlaing
Hlaing, MinSenior General
Min Aung Hlaing
(born 1956)		30 March 2011Incumbent13 years, 237 days Myanmar Army

Timeline

[edit]
Min Aung HlaingThan ShweSaw MaungKyaw HtinTin OoSan YuNe WinSmith DunBo Let YaAung San

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Founder of modern Myanmar Army, leader of Thirty Comrades, father of pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi. Aung San was offered a post of Deputy Inspector General of post-World War II Burma Army under Major General T. Thomas but declined. He never served as Commander-in-Chief of post-World War II Burma Army but became Vice Chairman of HM Governor's council (Prime Minister) and Defence Councillor (Defence Minister from 22 September 1946 to 19 July 1947 according to Myanmar Official History records).
  2. ^ Member of Thirty Comrades, Vice Commander-in-Chief of PBF in 1945. Aung San chose him to replace him as a Deputy Inspector General of post-World War II Burma Army in December 1945. Became Brigadier and replaced Aung San as Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister when the latter was assassinated on 19 July 1947. Was made to resign from the post in February 1949 by AFPFL Government according to "Phay Phay Bo Let Yar by his daughter, Dr Khin Let Yar and other Myanmar official history records. Never was a Commander-in-Chief of post-World War II Burma Army.
  3. ^ Ethnic Karen, forced to retire due to the Karen conflict.
  4. ^ Later became President and Chairman of Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP). Position designated as Chief of Staff of Defense Services.
  5. ^ Later became President.
  6. ^ Later became Vice-Chairman of National League for Democracy.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2008)" (PDF). Burma Library. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  2. ^ "Statement from Myanmar military on state of emergency". Reuters. 1 February 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  3. ^ "Order No (9/2021), Office of the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services, Republic of the Union of Myanmar" (PDF). The Global New Light of Myanmar. 3 February 2021. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  4. ^ "New commander in chief of defence services: General Min Aung Hlaing" Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Mizzima, 30 March 2011.
  5. ^ Rasheed, Zaheena (1 February 2021). "Why Myanmar's military seized power in a coup". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  6. ^ Maung Aung Myoe, Building the Tatmadaw, Appendix (6)
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