Lateral olfactory tract usher substance

Lateral olfactory tract usher substance (LOTUS), also known as Cartilage acidic protein-1B (Crtac1B), is a membrane protein produced by neurons. During embryonic development, it is strongly expressed in the olfactory bulb by Mitral cells.^[1]

Function

LOTUS is an endogenous antagonist of the Nogo receptor (NgR1) and Paired Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor B (PirB in mice, LilrB2 in humans). These receptors block neuronal outgrowth when activated. By blocking their function, LOTUS promotes neuronal growth, e.g. during the formation of the lateral olfactory tract.^[2] As LOTUS generates a permissive brain environment for neuronal regeneration, it may aid recovery after spinal cord injury. It also has been shown to reduce synapse loss in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.^[3]

References

^ Sato Y, Iketani M, Kurihara Y, Yamaguchi M, Yamashita N, Nakamura F, et al. (August 2011). "Cartilage acidic protein-1B (LOTUS), an endogenous Nogo receptor antagonist for axon tract formation". Science. 333 (6043): 769–773. Bibcode:2011Sci...333..769S. doi:10.1126/science.1204144. PMC 3244695. PMID 21817055.
^ Takase H, Kurihara Y, Yokoyama TA, Kawahara N, Takei K (2017-09-07). "LOTUS overexpression accelerates neuronal plasticity after focal brain ischemia in mice". PLOS ONE. 12 (9): e0184258. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1284258T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184258. PMC 5589167. PMID 28880879.
^ Kawaguchi Y, Matsubayashi J, Kawakami Y, Nishida R, Kurihara Y, Takei K (December 2022). "LOTUS suppresses amyloid β-induced dendritic spine elimination through the blockade of amyloid β binding to PirB". Molecular Medicine. 28 (1): 154. doi:10.1186/s10020-022-00581-7. PMC 9743548. PMID 36510132.

[1] Sato Y, Iketani M, Kurihara Y, Yamaguchi M, Yamashita N, Nakamura F, et al. (August 2011). "Cartilage acidic protein-1B (LOTUS), an endogenous Nogo receptor antagonist for axon tract formation". Science. 333 (6043): 769–773. Bibcode:2011Sci...333..769S. doi:10.1126/science.1204144. PMC 3244695. PMID 21817055.

[2] Takase H, Kurihara Y, Yokoyama TA, Kawahara N, Takei K (2017-09-07). "LOTUS overexpression accelerates neuronal plasticity after focal brain ischemia in mice". PLOS ONE. 12 (9): e0184258. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1284258T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184258. PMC 5589167. PMID 28880879.

[3] Kawaguchi Y, Matsubayashi J, Kawakami Y, Nishida R, Kurihara Y, Takei K (December 2022). "LOTUS suppresses amyloid β-induced dendritic spine elimination through the blockade of amyloid β binding to PirB". Molecular Medicine. 28 (1): 154. doi:10.1186/s10020-022-00581-7. PMC 9743548. PMID 36510132.

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