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List of proposed Solar System probes

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This is a list of proposed space probes that are planned to focus on the exploration of the Solar System, ordered by date of spacecraft launch. Launched probes are in the List of Solar System probes and the List of active Solar System probes.

Planned or scheduled missions

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Mission name Launch date Description Ref(s)
United StatesNew Zealand Venus Life Finder 30 December 2024 Private Venus atmospheric probe by Rocket Lab [1]
Japan Hakuto-R Mission 2 January 2025 Private lunar lander and rover [2]
United States Blue Ghost M1 January 2025 Lunar lander [3][4][5]
United States Nova-C IM-2 January 2025 Lunar lander [6]
United States AstroForge's Odin (Brokkr-2) January 2025 First commercial asteroid fly-by mission, rideshare of the IM-2 mission [7]
United States Lunar Trailblazer January 2025 Lunar orbiter, a secondary payload on the IM-2 mission [8]
United States EscaPADE Spring 2025 Two Mars orbiters [9]
China Tianwen-2 May 2025 Asteroid 469219 Kamoʻoalewa sample return, comet 311P/PanSTARRS orbiter [10]
United States Artemis II April 2026 4-person lunar flyby [11][12]
JapanFranceGermany Martian Moons eXploration 2026 Martian moon sample return mission [13]
China Chang'e 7 2026 Lunar south pole lander, rover and flying probe [14]
IndiaJapan Lunar Polar Exploration Mission 2026-2028 Lunar lander and rover [15]
India Chandrayaan-4 2027 Lunar sample return mission [16]
United States Artemis III Mid 2027 4-person lunar flyby, 2-person lunar landing [11][17]
Russia Luna 26 2027 Lunar orbiter [18]
Japan DESTINY+ 2028 Asteroid 3200 Phaethon flyby [19]
United States Dragonfly July 2028 Titan rotorcraft lander [20][21]
Europe Rosalind Franklin 2028 Mars rover, ExoMars [22][23]
Russia Luna 27 2028 Lunar lander [18]
China Tianwen-3 2028 Mars sample return mission [24]
United Arab Emirates MBR Explorer 2028 Flyby mission to seven asteroids [25]
India Venus Orbiter Mission 2028 Venus orbiter [26]
China Tianwen-4 September 2029 Jupiter and Callisto orbiter, Uranus flyby [27][28]
EuropeJapan Comet Interceptor 2029 Flyby of an Oort Cloud comet [29][30][31]
United States VERITAS 2029 Venus orbiter [32]
Russia Luna 28 2030 Lunar sample return mission [33]
Europe EnVision 2031 Venus orbiter [34]
India Mangalyaan-2 2031 Mars orbiter and lander [35][36]
United States DAVINCI 2032 Venus orbiter and atmospheric probe [37]

Proposed missions

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Mission name Preliminary launch date estimate Description Ref(s)
Estimated launch date Estimate by Estimate as of
China Shensuo (Interstellar Express) 2024[needs update] Scientia Sinica Informationis 2019 "Voyager-like" mission to outer planets [38][39]
Israel Beresheet 2 2025 Ramon.Space 2022 Lunar lander [40]
United StatesEurope NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return 2027[needs update] ESA 2023 Mars sample return mission [41]
Europe Ramses 2028 ESA 2024 Asteroid orbiter [42][43]
Japan Tera-hertz Explorer 2020s[citation needed] Mars orbiter and lander [44][45]
Russia Venera-D 2031 Russian Space Research Institute 2023 Venus orbiter and lander [46]
United States Uranus Orbiter and Probe NET 2031 NASA 2023 Uranus orbiter and probe [47][48]
United States Interstellar Probe 2036 NASA 2022 "Voyager on steroids" [49]
United States Enceladus Orbilander 2038 NASA 2023 Enceladus orbiter/lander [50]

Suspended missions

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The following missions were suspended or cancelled because of political, budgetary, or other reasons. The spacecraft were already assembled at the time of suspension/cancellation, so these missions can be resumed.

Mission name Cancellation date Description Status and reason Ref(s)
United States VIPER 2024 Lunar rover "NASA stated cost increases, delays to the launch date, and the risks of future cost growth as the reasons to stand down on the mission." NASA announced they would consider "expressions of interest" from industry to use the "VIPER rover system at no cost to the government".
In October 2024, VIPER passed all pre-launch tests. 		[51][52]
United States Janus 2023 Dual asteroids probe Was expected to be a secondary payload on the Psyche launch. After the delay, it was assessed that Janus wouldn't be able to reach the required trajectory. Both spacecraft were placed into long-term storage. [53]
Russia Kazachok 2022 Mars lander Originally part of the joint ExoMars mission with ESA, planned to deliver Rosalind Franklin rover. Mission was cancelled because of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Spacecraft was returned to Roscosmos; officials stated that they will launch it without the rover, but no date was given. [54]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Foust, Jeff (31 October 2023). "Rocket Lab plans launch of Venus mission as soon as late 2024". SpaceNews.com. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  2. ^ "space Mission 2 RESILIENCE lunar lander Arrives in Florida for Final Launch Preparations". ispace. 27 November 2024.
  3. ^ Alamalhoadei, Aria (6 November 2023). "Firefly's Blue Ghost lander represents a big bet on a future lunar economy". TechCrunch. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  4. ^ "Firefly Completes Integration Readiness Review of its Blue Ghost Lunar Lander". Firefly Aerospace. 26 April 2022. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  5. ^ "Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost Mission 1 to the Moon Readies for Launch". Firefly Aerospace. 2024-11-25. Retrieved 2024-11-30.
  6. ^ David, Leonard (12 September 2024). "Ice-hunting Lunar Trailblazer and IM-2 nearly ready for January 2025 launch". SpaceNews. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
  7. ^ "An update on Mission 1 and Mission 2: Same name, new vehicle, new standard for space exploration". astroforge.io. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  8. ^ David, Leonard (12 September 2024). "Ice-hunting Lunar Trailblazer and IM-2 nearly ready for January 2025 launch". SpaceNews. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
  9. ^ Foust, Jeff (25 April 2024). "NASA planning September launch of Mars smallsat mission on first New Glenn". SpaceNews. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  10. ^ Jones, Andrew (2022-05-18). "China to launch Tianwen 2 asteroid-sampling mission in 2025". Space.com. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  11. ^ a b Tingley, Brett (9 January 2024). "Astronauts won't walk on the moon until 2026 after NASA delays next 2 Artemis missions". Space.com. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  12. ^ "NASA's Artemis 2 mission set for November 2024". Phys.org. Agence France-Presse. 7 March 2023. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  13. ^ "MMX - Martian Moons eXploration". MMX - Martian Moons eXploration. Retrieved 2 June 2024. The current schedule has a launch date in JFY 2026, followed by Martian orbit insertion in JFY 2027 and the spacecraft will return to Earth in JFY 2031.
  14. ^ Jones, Andrew (5 August 2020). "China is moving ahead with lunar south pole and near-Earth asteroid missions". SpaceNews. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  15. ^ Shimbun, The Yomiuri (30 July 2019). "Japan, India to team up in race to discover water on moon". The Japan News. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  16. ^ Jones, Andrew (2024-05-14). "India plans Chandrayaan-4 moon sample return, will involve private sector". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2024-07-10.
  17. ^ "Artemis III Launch - NASA". Retrieved 2023-12-01.
  18. ^ a b "Ученый сообщил об активном ходе работ по импортозамещению комплектующих "Луны-27"" [The scientist reported on the active progress of work on import substitution of Luna-27 components]. TASS (in Russian). 19 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  19. ^ "宇宙科学・探査ミッションの進捗状況について" [Space Science and Exploration Mission Progress] (PDF). ISAS (in Japanese). CAO. 9 October 2024. p. 11. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
  20. ^ "Dragonfly". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2021-05-14.
  21. ^ "NASA New Frontiers 5: Third Community Announcement". NASA Science Mission Directorate. 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2021-05-14. The launch date for Dragonfly, the fourth mission in the New Frontiers Program, has been delayed to June 2027.
  22. ^ "NASA, European Space Agency Unite to Land Europe's Rover on Mars - NASA". Retrieved 2024-05-17.
  23. ^ Foust, Jeff (2024-04-10). "ESA awards contract to Thales Alenia Space to restart ExoMars". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2024-04-11.
  24. ^ Jones, Andrew (2024-03-08). "China targets 2030 for Mars sample return mission, potential landing areas revealed". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2024-03-13.
  25. ^ Kenneth Chang (May 29, 2023). "The United Arab Emirates Is Heading for the Asteroid Belt". The New York Times.
  26. ^ "Union Cabinet Approves India's Mission to Venus, and Sample Return from the Moon". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
  27. ^ CNSA Watcher [@CNSAWatcher] (23 December 2023). "Tianwen-4, launching Sept 2029, will journey to Jupiter using Venus & Earth gravity assists. Targeting Jupiter capture by Dec 2035 & a Uranus flyby in March 2045, the mission includes 2 probes, one exploring Jupiter's system and another flying by Uranus" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  28. ^ Andrew Jones published (2022-09-22). "China wants to probe Uranus and Jupiter with 2 spacecraft on one rocket". Space.com. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  29. ^ "Ariel moves from blueprint to reality". ESA. 12 November 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  30. ^ "ESA's new mission to intercept a comet". www.esa.int. Retrieved 2020-01-06.
  31. ^ "Comet Interceptor". www.cometinterceptor.space. Retrieved 2020-01-06.
  32. ^ "NASA Selects 2 Missions to Study 'Lost Habitable' World of Venus - NASA". Retrieved 2023-11-30.
  33. ^ "Борисов назвал сроки запуска миссий "Луна-26", "Луна-27" и "Луна-28"". TACC (in Russian). Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  34. ^ "ESA selects revolutionary Venus mission EnVision". www.esa.int. ESA. 10 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  35. ^ Kuthunur, Sharmila (17 May 2024). "India's ambitious 2nd Mars mission to include a rover, helicopter, sky crane and a supersonic parachute". Space.com.
  36. ^ "Unmanned helicopter likely to join India's second space odyssey to Mars". rfi.
  37. ^ "FY 2025 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET REQUEST SUMMARY". NASA. Retrieved 2024-03-19.
  38. ^ Wu, Weiren; Yu, Dengyun; Huang, Jiangchuan; Zong, Qiugang; Wang, Chi; Yu, Guobin; He, Rongwei; Wang, Qian; Kang, Yan; Meng, Linzhi; Wu, Ke; He, Jiansen; Li, Hui (2019-01-09). "Exploring the solar system boundary". Scientia Sinica Informationis. 49 (1): 1. doi:10.1360/N112018-00273. ISSN 2095-9486. S2CID 86476811.
  39. ^ Jones, Andrew (November 19, 2019). "China Considers Voyager-like Mission to Interstellar Space". Planetary.org. The Planetary Society. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  40. ^ "Ramon.Space and Lulav Space Partner to Navigate Space IL's Next Two Lunar Landings". Ramon.Space (Press release). 7 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  41. ^ "Earth Return Orbiter – the first round-trip to Mars". ESA. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  42. ^ "ESA moves forward with Apophis mission preparations".
  43. ^ "Introducing Ramses: ESA's mission to asteroid Apophis".
  44. ^ Takeshi Kuroda, Yasuko Kasai, Shinichi Nakasuka, Hiroyuki Maezawa, Takayoshi Yamada, Ryohei Takahashi: TEREX-1: A micro-satellite terahertz lander for the exploration of water/oxygen resources on Mars. 43rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Abstract B0.5-0006-21 (oral), id.223, January 2021.
  45. ^ Kasai, Yasuko (13 June 2018). "Tera-hertz Explorer, TEREX, Mission" (PDF). University of Tsukuba. NICT. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
  46. ^ Zak, Anatoly (5 March 2021). "New promise for the Venera-D project". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
  47. ^ Simon, Amy; Nimmo, Francis; Anderson, Richard C. (7 June 2021). "Journey to an Ice Giant System: Uranus Orbiter and Probe". Planetary Mission Concept for the 2023–2032 Planetary Science Decadal Survey. NASA. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  48. ^ Foust, Jeff (2023-05-03). "Plutonium availability constrains plans for future planetary missions". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2023-05-03.
  49. ^ Stone, Richard (28 July 2022). "'Voyager on steroids.' Mission would probe mysterious region beyond our Solar System". Science. doi:10.1126/science.ade1070. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  50. ^ MacKenzie, Shannon M.; Kirby, Karen W.; Greenauer, Peter J.; Neveu, Marc; Gold, Rob; Davila, Alfonso; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Cable, Morgan; Craft, Kate; Eigenbrode, Jennifer; Glein, Christopher; Hofgartner, Jason; Mckay, Christopher; Phillips-Lander, Charity; Waite, Hunter; Burton, Dana; Seifert, Helmut; Boye, Jeff; Brock, Spencer; Chen, Michelle; Coker, Rob; Colonel, Grace; Criss, Tom; Crowley, Doug (14 October 2020). "Encealdus Orbilander: A Flagship Mission Concept for Astrobiology". NASA Technical Reports Server. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  51. ^ "NASA Ends VIPER Project, Continues Moon Exploration - NASA". Retrieved 2024-07-17.
  52. ^ "VIPER Passes All Its Tests, But Future Still Uncertain". spacepolicyonline. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  53. ^ "NASA to Store Janus Spacecraft, Mission to Study Asteroid Systems – Janus". blogs.nasa.gov. 2023-07-11. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  54. ^ "Europe ending cooperation with Russia on life-hunting Mars rover". Space.com.
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