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Petrinja

Coordinates: 45°26′26″N 16°16′42″E / 45.44056°N 16.27833°E / 45.44056; 16.27833
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Petrinja
Town
Grad Petrinja
Town of Petrinja
Park and St. Lawrence church in Petrinja
Park and St. Lawrence church in Petrinja
Petrinja is located in Croatia
Petrinja
Petrinja
Location of Petrinja in Croatia
Coordinates: 45°26′26″N 16°16′42″E / 45.44056°N 16.27833°E / 45.44056; 16.27833
Country Croatia
RegionContinental Croatia (Banovina)
County Sisak-Moslavina
Government
 • MayorMagdalena Komes (HDZ)
Area
[1]
 • Town
379.3 km2 (146.4 sq mi)
 • Urban
39.4 km2 (15.2 sq mi)
Elevation
106 m (348 ft)
Population
 (2021)[2]
 • Town
19,950
 • Density53/km2 (140/sq mi)
 • Urban
12,963
 • Urban density330/km2 (850/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
44 250
Area code044
Vehicle registrationSK
Websitepetrinja.hr

Petrinja (Croatian pronunciation: [pětriːɲa]) is a town in central Croatia near Sisak in the historic region of Banovina. It is administratively located in Sisak-Moslavina County.

On December 29, 2020, the town was hit by a strong earthquake with a magnitude of 6.4 Mw, causing significant damage to the town.

Name

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The name of Petrinja has its roots in Greek πέτρα - pétra, meaning "stone" through Latin petrus. Another possibility is that Petrinja was named after the church of St. Peter from the time of the Diocese of Sisak.[3] It is said that the town existed in Roman era in the area of Zrinska Gora, which is very rich in stone.

History

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Middle Ages

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West of Petrinja is Petrova gora (Peter's mountain), site of the 1097 Battle of Gvozd Mountain between King Petar Snačić of Croatia and Coloman of Hungary.

The first written record of Petrinja as an inhabited settlement is the one about the benefits awarded to the inhabitants of Petrinja by the Slavonian duke Koloman in 1240. This old medieval Petrinja belongs to the time of warring with the Ottoman Empire.

16th and 17th centuries

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The old fortress was abandoned and destroyed in 1543, to prevent it from coming under Ottoman control.[4] In 1592, Petrinja was given a new location with the construction and building of an Ottoman fortress at the confluence of the Petrinjčica and Kupa rivers. The fortress was to serve the Ottomans in their offensives in central Croatia, such as the 1593 battle of Sisak.

On August 10, 1594, the fortress was first liberated by the Croatian army. Therefore, August 10 has become the day of gratitude towards God and St. Lawrence, and this saint has been chosen for the patron saint of the parish and the town of Petrinja. Over time, Petrinja attracted craftsmen and merchants whose arrival marks the beginning of the town's development.

Petrinja–town and fortress, as an example of the use of geometry in fortress architecture, A.E.B. von Birckenstein, 1698

In the year 1773, Austrian empress Maria Theresa decided that Petrinja was to be a craft guild center for the entire territory of the Military Frontier.[5]

18th and 19th centuries

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Old street in Petrinja, 2011

Petrinja was part of Napoleon's Illyria from 1809 till 1813 when the town became a significant trade and traffic center. In the same period, the French army planted the linden trees that stand to this day.

The influence of Croatian national revival in the 19th century was felt in Petrinja. That was the time of the founding of the Town Orchestra (1808), Music Department (1841), Library and reading-room (1842), Teachers' Training School (1862), Croatian Choir "Slavulj" (1864), Town fire-brigade (1880), First printing-house (1881).

In the late 19th and early 20th century, Petrinja was a district capital in the Zagreb County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.

20th and 21st centuries

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From 1929 to 1939, Petrinja was part of the Sava Banovina and from 1939 to 1941 of the Banovina of Croatia within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

During the Second World War, with the establishment of the so-called Independent State of Croatia (a fascist puppet state), Petrinja and the surrounding area were the scene of persecution of the Serbian, Jewish and Roma minorities, but also of harsh repression of many Croatian anti-fascists, in a context of armed struggle between partisans and local collaborators of the Axis forces.[6]

Recent history has witnessed the war in Croatia during which many people (Croats first, then the Serbs in 1995) were exiled from their hometown of Petrinja in the period from September 1991 to August 1995.[7] The town itself has gone through severe damage. On November 25, 1991, the Serb mayor of Petrinja Radovan Marković sent a message to Željko Ražnatović to have his troops enter the city as part of a "2. motorized battalion" of the 622. Motorized Brigade of the then already Serbian-dominated Yugoslav People's Army.[8] After Operation Storm in 1995, many monuments have been erected in memory of Croatian war heroes and victims of the war.

In reconstructing and rebuilding their town, the inhabitants of Petrinja took great care of the town's urban tradition by keeping the old customs alive, celebrating Catholic holidays, and organizing numerous cultural, social and sports events.[citation needed]

Reconstruction works in Petrinja city centre after the 2020 earthquake

On 29 December 2020, the town was struck by a violent earthquake of magnitude 6.4 Mw, killing seven people, including a seven-year-old girl.[9] Half of the town was destroyed during the quake.[10] At least 20 people were injured. A series of aftershocks continued to jolt the area, with 291 smaller tremors recorded during the subsequent days.[11]

Economy

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City economy is in a major decline for the last 20 years. High impact of the war from the 1990s is felt through the abandonment and depopulation of many villages and closure of many farms which used to supply local meat packing plant Gavrilović [hr] and dairy processors from other cities. Gavrilović still remains the biggest company and employer in the city, currently employing about 800 workers.

Other notable industries are saw mills and wood flooring manufacturing. Former Finel furniture factory now mostly lays abandoned while there are current plans to activate part of its capacity for hardwood flooring manufacturing. Former Ciglana brick factory is now converted into a large saw mill called Nil-Ž and employs more than a 100 people.

Small entrepreneurship is still underdeveloped due to lack of a finished small business zone. City owned agency Poslovne Zone Petrinja has been announcing the opening of a small business zone at the suburb of Mošćenica for the last several years, but there are still no visible results.

Small family farming operations called O.P.G. have been registered by many small farmers but just a few are producing in larger quantity and being able to offer fresh or processed meat, fruits, vegetables, flowers and herbs to markets. Lack of local and national co-operative organization management is making small farmers not competitive enough to other EU producers. This stems from an inherent belief that co-op are a negative heritage from the socialist era of pre-1990 period and should not be established again, while at the same time people buy products produced by strong Italian, Austrian, French and German co-operatives.

City used to have a local transportation company called Slavijatrans, which operated local and regional bus lines and cargo transport with an extensive fleet of fuel, bulk and general cargo carrier trucks. Due to mismanagement and numerous cases of corruption on one hand, and lack of law enforcement in the field of passenger transport, many private taxi's took over the passenger traffic from the most profitable lines, while cargo traffic was gradually reduced to just a few trucks from a fleet of a few hundred trucks. Now the company is sold to a large national carried Čazmatrans and only operates local passenger lines.

  • Gavrilović d.o.o. meat packing
  • Ciglana brick factory
  • Nil-Ž sawmill
  • Finel furniture and flooring manufacturing
  • TSH animal feed factory
  • Slavijatrans (Čazmatrans) transportation company, public transit
  • Rotomat specialty rotary sanding discs manufacturing
  • Pekarne EDI bakery chain

Traditional crafts and gastronomy

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The Gavrilović house

After the liberation from Ottoman rule at the end of the 16th century, Petrinja started attracting craftsmen and merchants who helped developing the town. There is a very lively tradition of the potting and ceramic crafts, which represent the main souvenir production of the items characteristic for this area, all made of high quality clay. The main souvenir is "stucka", an ornamented multi-use jar made of clay that has become a symbol of the town of Petrinja.

The foundations of the Prva hrvatska tvornica salame, sušena mesa i masti (first Croatian salami, cured meat and lard factory) were set in the year 1792, now developed into the "Gavrilović" factory, the principal factor of the area's economic development, well known for the quality of its gastronomical products.

Landmarks

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Stjepan Radić monument

The first Catholic parish Church of St. Lawrence was first built in 1603, but due to the time and type of building, a new one was built in 1781, in late baroque—classicist style.

A statue of Croatian politician Stjepan Radić was made in Petrinja in 1929 by Mila Wood after his assassination the previous year.[12] In 1936, the statue was placed in the city's central square, which was named after him. In 1963 the communist regime moved the statue to a city park.[12] In 1991, the statue was damaged and thrown into an orchard in a nearby village. It was not found until 1998, when it was restored. In 1999, it was restored to Petrinja's central square, and was unveiled by Croatian minister of culture Božo Biškupić.[12]

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±%
1869 20,403—    
1880 21,091+3.4%
1890 24,958+18.3%
1900 27,873+11.7%
1910 29,633+6.3%
1921 28,383−4.2%
1931 29,808+5.0%
1948 24,293−18.5%
1953 25,070+3.2%
1961 27,517+9.8%
1981 33,570+22.0%
1991 35,565+5.9%
2001 23,413−34.2%
2011 24,671+5.4%
Source: Naselja i stanovništvo Republike Hrvatske 1857–2001, DZS, Zagreb, 2005 & Popis stanovništva 2011

As of 2011, Petrinja had a population of 24,671, of which 15,683 were living in the urban settlement.[13]

The municipal area includes the following settlements (listed here with their respective 2011 population census numbers):[13]

Town of Petrinja: Population trends 1857–2021
population
18448
20403
21091
24958
27873
29633
28383
29808
24293
25070
27465
30545
33124
35151
23413
24671
19950
18571869188018901900191019211931194819531961197119811991200120112021
Sources: Croatian Bureau of Statistics publications
Population by ethnicity
Year of census total Croats Serbs others
1961 27,517 14,942 (54.30%) 11,955 (43.45%) 620 (2.25%)
1981 33,570 14,621 (43.55%) 12,617(37.58%) 6,332 (18.86%)
1991 35,565 15,791 (44.40%) 15,969 (44.90%) 3,805 (10.70%)
2001 23,413 19,280 (82.35%) 2,809 (12.00%) 1,324 (5.65%)
2011 24,671 20,925 (84.82%) 2,710 (10.98%) 1,036 (4.20%)

Politics

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Minority councils and representatives

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Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs.[14] At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Bosniaks and Serbs of Croatia fulfilled legal requirements to each elect their own 15 members minority council of the Town of Petrinja.[15]

Notable people

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Chronological list.

References

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  1. ^ Register of spatial units of the State Geodetic Administration of the Republic of Croatia. Wikidata Q119585703.
  2. ^ "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements" (xlsx). Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in 2021. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2022.
  3. ^ "Povijest grada". Grad Petrinja (in Croatian). Retrieved 2023-04-19.
  4. ^ "Petrinja". www.enciklopedija.hr.
  5. ^ Tradition Archived 2020-10-20 at the Wayback Machine at petrinjaturizam.hr
  6. ^ Local dimensions of the Second World War in Southeastern Europe. Xavier Bougarel, Hannes Grandits, Marija Vulesica. Abingdon, Oxon. 2019. ISBN 978-0-429-79878-8. OCLC 1079400048.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  7. ^ {{Cite book|last=Hrvatski helsinški odbor za ljudska prava|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/268618991%7Ctitle=Military operation Storm and it's [sic]} aftermath : report
  8. ^ Bilić, Ivan (2005). "Kronologija raspada SFRJ i stvaranje Republike Hrvatske do 15. siječnja, 1992". National Security and the Future (in Croatian). 6 (1–2): 157. ISSN 1332-4454.
  9. ^ "Croatia earthquake: Seven dead as rescuers search rubble for survivors". BBC News. 2020-12-30. Retrieved 2021-01-04.
  10. ^ "Croatia earthquake: Rescue efforts under way in Petrinja". BBC. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
  11. ^ "M6.4 CROATIA on December 29th 2020 at 11:19 UTC".
  12. ^ a b c Spomenik Radiću u Petrinji[permanent dead link‍]
  13. ^ a b "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2011 Census: Petrinja". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
  14. ^ "Manjinski izbori prve nedjelje u svibnju, kreću i edukacije". T-portal. 13 March 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  15. ^ "Informacija o konačnim rezultatima izbora članova vijeća i izbora predstavnika nacionalnih manjina 2023. III. SISAČKO-MOSLAVAČKA ŽUPANIJA" (PDF) (in Croatian). Državno izborno povjerenstvo Republike Hrvatske. 2023. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
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