Yarka

Yarka

יִרְכָּא‎
يركا
Yarka יִרְכָּא‎; يركا;
Local council
Hebrew transcription(s)
• Also spelled	Yirka (official)
	Yarka local council building
	Yarka Yarka
	Coordinates: 32°57′14″N 35°12′44″E / 32.95389°N 35.21222°E
Grid position	170/261 PAL
Country	Israel
District	Northern
Area
• Total	15,564 dunams (15.564 km2 or 6.009 sq mi)
Population (2022)
• Total	17,759
• Density	1,100/km2 (3,000/sq mi)

Yarka, officially Yirka (Hebrew: יִרְכָּא, Arabic: يركا),^[2] is a Druze village^[3] and local council in the Northern District of Israel. In 2019 it had a population of 17,171, 98.8% of them members of the Druze community, with a small Muslim (1.0%) and Christian (0.1%) minorities.^[4]

History

Ancient era

Yarka is an ancient village site, where old columns and cisterns have been found. A Greek inscription here dating from the early Christian era was found by Clermont-Ganneau in 1881.^[5]

Crusader period

During the Crusader era, Yarka was known under the name of Arket. In 1220, Joscelin III's daughter Beatrix de Courtenay and her husband Otto von Botenlauben, Count of Henneberg, sold their land, including Arket, to the Teutonic Knights.^[6]

Ottoman era

In 1517, Yarka was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire after Palestine was captured from the Mamluks. By 1596, Yarka appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as part of the Nahiya of Akka of the Liwa of Safad. It had a population of 174 Muslim households and 24 bachelors.^[7]^[8]

A map by Pierre Jacotin from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 showed the town under the name Hierka.^[9]

The French explorer Victor Guérin visited Yarka in 1875, and wrote that "cut stones of ancient appearance have been used in building the modern houses. [...] About a hundred cisterns cut in rock, a half of which are no longer used, and the other half serve for the wants of the people, reveal the existence in this place of an ancient locality of some importance."^[10] In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Yarka as a well-built stone village inhabited by 400 Druze who grew olives and figs.^[11]

A population list from about 1887 showed that Yerka had about 1,285 inhabitants; virtually all Druze.^[12]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Yarka had a population of 978 residents; 937 Druze, 26 Muslims, and 15 Christians,^[13] where the Christians were 11 Orthodox, 3 Roman Catholics, and 1 Maronite.^[14] The population increased in the 1931 census to 1,196; 1,138 Druze, 46 Muslims, and 11 Christians living in a total of 343 houses.^[15]

According to an official land and population survey, Yarka had a population of 1,500 in 1945; 70 Muslims, 10 Christians, and 1420 Druze,^[16] encapsulating with 42,452 dunams of land.^[17] Of this, 5,747 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 5,909 used for cereal,^[18] while 140 dunams were built-up land^[19] in 1945.

Religious sites

Yarka contains the maqam ("saintly-person tomb") of Shaykh Ghana'im Abu Saraya,^[20]^[21] a native of the town and one of the first missionary sheikhs to spread the Druze faith in Galilee during the 11th century.^[20]^[22]^[23] He was the principle Druze sheikh in the Acre coastal area.^[22] Druze tradition has it that Abu Saraya is buried underneath the floor of the shrine.^[21]

The town is also the site of the al-Nabi Siddiq maqam. The Druze associate al-Nabi Siddiq with the biblical figure Hushai. According to this tradition, the name "Yarka" derives from "ha-Arki". The Druze prayer house "Khalwah ash-Sheikh Muhammad" is situated just east of Yarka. It was built sometime prior to 1931 by the religious sheikh Muhammad Mu'addi as a center for Druze religious studies.^[24]

Economy

Yarka houses Kadmani Metal Works, Inc., now defunct.^[25] My Baby, Israel's largest store for children's and baby's supplies, with 11,000 meters of retail space, is also stationed in Yarka. The store has an annual turnover of NIS 100 million ($27.1 million USD).^[26]

References

^ "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
^ Personal name, according to Palmer, 1881, p. 60
^ ירכא 2016
^ Yarka 2019 (in Hebrew)
^ Dauphin, 1998, p. 639, citing Clermont-Ganneau, 1881, pp. 37-38.
^ Strehlke, 1869, pp. 43- 44, No. 53; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. 248, No. 934 (34); cited in Frankel, 1988, pp. 254, 263
^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 191
^ Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 writes that the Safad register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
^ Karmon, 1960, p. 162.
^ Guérin, 1880, pp. 16-17, as translated and cited by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 193
^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 148
^ Schumacher, 1888, p. 172
^ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. 36
^ Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. 50
^ Mills, 1932, p. 103
^ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 5
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 41
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 82
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 132
^ ^a ^b Swayd, 2009, p. 8
^ ^a ^b Dana, 2003, p. 36.
^ ^a ^b Abu-Izzedin, 1993, p. 131
^ Dana, 2003, p. 106.
^ Dana, 2003, p. 32.
^ Westheimer, Ruth; Sedan, Gil (2006). The Olive and the Tree: The Secret Strength of the Druze. Lantern. p. 35.
^ Israel's only American-style baby store, in the heart of a Druze village

Bibliography

Abu Izzedin, Nejla M. (1993). The Druzes: A New Study of Their History, Faith, and Society. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-09705-6.
Barag, Dan (1979). "A new source concerning the ultimate borders of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem". Israel Exploration Journal. 29: 197–217.
Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
Clermont-Ganneau, C. S. (1881). "Note IV by Clermont-Ganneau". Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 13: 37–38.
Conder, C. R.; Kitchener, H. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. (p. 152)
Dana, Nissim (2003). The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1903900369.
Dauphin, C. (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations. BAR International Series 726 (in French). Vol. III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. ISBN 978-0-860549-05-5.
Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
Frankel, Rafael (1988). "Topographical notes on the territory of Acre in the Crusader period". Israel Exploration Journal. 38 (4): 249–272. JSTOR 27926125.
Guérin, V. (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 3: Galilee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
Hütteroth, W.-D.; Abdulfattah, K. (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 978-3-920405-41-4.
Karmon, Y. (1960). "An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine" (PDF). Israel Exploration Journal. 10 (3, 4): 155–173, 244–253.
Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
Rhode, H. (1979). Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century. Columbia University.
Röhricht, R. (1893). (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI) (in Latin). Berlin: Libraria Academica Wageriana.
Schumacher, G. (1888). "Population list of the Liwa of Akka". Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 20: 169–191.
Strehlke, E. [in German], ed. (1869). Tabulae Ordinis Theutonici ex tabularii regii Berolinensis codice potissimum. Berlin: Weidmanns.
Swayd, Sami (2009). The A to Z of the Druzes. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0810868366.
Thomson, W. M. (1859). The Land and the Book: Or, Biblical Illustrations Drawn from the Manners and Customs, the Scenes and Scenery, of the Holy Land. Vol. 1 (1 ed.). New York: Harper & brothers. (p. 463)

External links

Official website
Welcome To Yirka
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 3: IAA, Wikimedia commons

[Israelpopulations-1] "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.

[2] Personal name, according to Palmer, 1881, p. 60

[3] ירכא 2016

[4] Yarka 2019 (in Hebrew)

[5] Dauphin, 1998, p. 639, citing Clermont-Ganneau, 1881, pp. 37-38.

[6] Strehlke, 1869, pp. 43- 44, No. 53; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. 248, No. 934 (34); cited in Frankel, 1988, pp. 254, 263

[7] Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 191

[8] Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 writes that the Safad register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9

[9] Karmon, 1960, p. 162.

[10] Guérin, 1880, pp. 16-17, as translated and cited by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 193

[11] Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 148

[12] Schumacher, 1888, p. 172

[Census1922-13] Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. 36

[Census1922b-14] Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. 50

[15] Mills, 1932, p. 103

[16] Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 5

[17] Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 41

[18] Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 82

[19] Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 132

[Swayd8-20] Swayd, 2009, p. 8

[Dana36-21] Dana, 2003, p. 36.

[Izzedin131-22] Abu-Izzedin, 1993, p. 131

[23] Dana, 2003, p. 106.

[24] Dana, 2003, p. 32.

[25] Westheimer, Ruth; Sedan, Gil (2006). The Olive and the Tree: The Secret Strength of the Druze. Lantern. p. 35.

[26] Israel's only American-style baby store, in the heart of a Druze village

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Authority control databases
International	VIAF WorldCat
National	United States Israel