偕

偕 U+5055, 偕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5055 ← 偔 [U+5054] CJK Unified Ideographs 偖 → [U+5056]

Translingual

Han character

偕 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人心心日 (OPPA), four-corner 2126₁, composition ⿰亻皆)

1. together
2. be in order

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 110, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 855
• Dae Jaweon: page 236, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 188, character 12
• Unihan data for U+5055

Chinese

trad.		偕
simp. #		偕

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 偕
Small seal script s05753
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (皆) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
皆	*kriːl
偕	*kriːl
階	*kriːl
喈	*kriːl
稭	*kriːl, *kriːd
堦	*kriːl
楷	*kriːl, *kʰriːlʔ
鶛	*kriːl
湝	*kriːl, *ɡriːl
蝔	*kriːl, *ɡriːl
鍇	*kriːl, *kʰriːlʔ
揩	*kʰriːl
諧	*ɡriːl
瑎	*ɡriːl
龤	*ɡriːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kriːl) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 皆 (OC *kriːl)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xié, jiē (xie², jie¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˊ, ㄐㄧㄝ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaai¹ / haai⁴
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gai¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kai / hâi

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xié
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sié
    • Wade–Giles: hsieh²
    • Yale: syé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shye
    • Palladius: се (se)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiē
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jie
    • Wade–Giles: chieh¹
    • Yale: jyē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jie
    • Palladius: цзе (cze)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

Note:

• jiē - obsolete in Mainland, variant in Taiwan, for example:
  • Mackay Memorial Hospital 馬偕紀念醫院 Mǎjiē Jìniàn Yīyuàn.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gaai¹ / haai⁴
    • Yale: gāai / hàaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaai¹ / haai⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: gai¹ / hai⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːi̯⁵⁵/, /haːi̯²¹/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gai¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kai⁵³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kai
    • Tâi-lô: kai
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kay
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kai³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kai⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâi
    • Tâi-lô: hâi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haai
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hai²⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 偕
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɛ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕiɛ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕie⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕiə⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕiɛ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕiɛ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiɛ²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕi²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕie¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiə³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiɤ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/xai²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕiai³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕie²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕiɛ²⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕie̞⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕie¹¹/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/ɕie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦa²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɪ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕie̞³³/
	Wenzhou	/ka³³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕia⁴⁴/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/xai¹³/
	Xiangtan	/kai³³/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/hai¹¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kai⁵³/
	Nanning	/hai²¹/
	Hong Kong	/kai⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kai⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kai⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kai⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kai³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hai³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: keaj

Rime
Character	偕
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古諧切
Baxter	keaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠɛi/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚæi/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəɨj/
Li Rong	/kɛi/
Wang Li	/kɐi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kăi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaai1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤrij/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kriːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	偕
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xié
Middle Chinese	‹ kɛj ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁrij/
English	together
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	偕
Reading #	1/1
No.	6416
Phonetic component	皆
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	皆
Old Chinese	/*kriːl/

Definitions

偕

1. to accompany; together; in company

   偕同  ―  xiétóng  ―  along with

   偕行  ―  xiéxíng  ―  to travel together

   偕老  ―  xiélǎo  ―  to live together to a ripe old age [used in blessing newly-weds]

2. ^† strong

   • 偕偕士子、朝夕從事。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     偕偕士子、朝夕从事。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Xiéxié shìzǐ, zhāoxī cóngshì. [Pinyin]

     An officer, strong and vigorous,
     Morning and evening I am engaged in service.

3. ^† to unify
4. ^† to be in harmony (with)
5. ^† This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
6. ^† Alternative form of 皆 (jiē, “all”)
7. a surname

Compounds

• 偕偕 (xiéxié)
• 偕同 (xiétóng)
• 偕老 (xiélǎo)
• 偕行 (xiéxíng)
• 君子偕老
• 期頤偕老／期颐偕老
• 白頭偕老／白头偕老 (báitóuxiélǎo)
• 百年偕老
• 相偕
• 與民偕樂／与民偕乐
• 計偕／计偕

 

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “偕”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 261.

Japanese

Kanji

偕

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: け (ke)
• Kan-on: かい (kai)
• Kun: ともに (tomo ni, 偕に)
• Nanori: とも (tomo)

Korean

Hanja

偕 • (hae, hye) (hangeul 해, 혜, revised hae, hye, McCune–Reischauer hae, hye)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.