習

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See also: 习 and 𮊸
習 U+7FD2, 習
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7FD2
← 翑
[U+7FD1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 翓 →
[U+7FD3]

Translingual

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Han character

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習 (Kangxi radical 124, 羽+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 尸一竹日 (SMHA), four-corner 17602, composition ⿱羽白)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 956, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28672
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1402, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3345, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7FD2

Chinese

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trad. 習
simp. 习
alternative forms 𮊸

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 習
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (習) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
摺 *ruːb, *ʔljob
磖 *ruːb
褶 *ʔljob, *l'ɯːb, *ljub, *ɦljub
慴 *ʔljob, *l'ɯːb
霫 *slub, *ljub
習 *ljub
鰼 *ljub
騽 *ljub, *ɢrub
飁 *ljub
槢 *ljub
熠 *ɢrub, *lub

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 羽 (“wings”) + 日 (“sun”) – to learn to fly, to practice flying.

In the current form, 日 (rì, “sun”) has changed to 白 (bái, “white”), so the present form is 羽 (“wings”) + 白 (“white”).

Alternatively, the original form may have been a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljub) : phonetic 彗 (OC *sɢʷeds, *ɢʷeds, *sɢʷids) + semantic 日 (“sun”).

Etymology

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Two general semantic fields are found in the senses: "to flap the wings; to flutter" and "to practice". They are generally considered to be the same word, with the link being "to repeatedly flap the wings (in order to learn to fly)", a sense attested in Liji.

Area word:

Pronunciation

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Note: zap6 - rare.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 習
Mandarin Beijing /ɕi³⁵/
Harbin /ɕi²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕi⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕi⁴²/
Qingdao /si⁴²/
Zhengzhou /si⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕi²⁴/
Xining /ɕji²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕi¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕi¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕi²¹³/
Wuhan /ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /ɕi²¹/
Kunming /ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /siʔ⁵/
Hefei /ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ɕiʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ʑiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ziəʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /zai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰi²²/
Tunxi /t͡sʰe¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /si²⁴/
Xiangtan /si²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sip̚⁵/
Taoyuan /sip̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sap̚²/
Nanning /t͡sɐp̚²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sap̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sip̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /si²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /sip̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡sip̚³/
Rime
Character 習
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
Final (韻) 緝 (141)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 似入切
Baxter zip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ziɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/zip̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/zjep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/zip̚/
Li
Rong 		/ziəp̚/
Wang
Li 		/zĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/zi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zap6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 習
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zip ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-ɢʷəp/ (with root *ɢʷəp ‘wing’?)
English repeat; practice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 習
Reading # 1/1
No. 13387
Phonetic
component 		習
Rime
group 		緝
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		習
Old
Chinese 		/*ljub/

Definitions

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習

  1. (obsolete) to flap (the wings); to flutter; to repeatedly flap the wings
  2. to practice; to exercise; to review
    練習／练习  ―  liànxí  ―  to practice
  3. to study; to learn
    習武／习武  ―  xíwǔ  ―  to learn martial arts
    自習／自习  ―  zìxí  ―  to study by oneself
  4. to become familiar with; to be used to
    習以為常／习以为常  ―  xíyǐwéicháng  ―  to be used to something
    不習水性／不习水性  ―  bùxíshuǐxìng  ―  to not know how to swim
  5. habit; custom
    習慣／习惯  ―  xíguàn  ―  habit; custom
    陋習／陋习  ―  lòuxí  ―  bad habit
  6. (literary, obsolete) trusted follower
  7. often; frequently
    習見／习见  ―  xíjiàn  ―  to frequently see (something)
  8. a surname
    習近平／习近平  ―  Xí Jìnpíng  ―  Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (習):
  • → Japanese: 習(しゅう) (shū)
  • → Korean: 습(習) (seup)
  • → Vietnamese: tập (習)

Others:

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 習
Kyūjitai
[1]
習󠄁
習+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
習󠄃
習+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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習

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. learn

Readings

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Compounds

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References

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  1. ^ “習”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

習 (eumhun 익힐 습 (ikhil seup))

  1. hanja form? of 습 (“practice”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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習: Hán Nôm readings: tập, chập, dập, giặp, tấp, xập, sập

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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