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FastLED/PolarBasics/PolarBasics.ino

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+// Polar basics demo for the 
+// FastLED Podcast #2
+// https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKjFRZFBUrQ
+//
+// VO.1 preview version
+// by Stefan Petrick 2023
+// This code is licenced under a 
+// Creative Commons Attribution 
+// License CC BY-NC 3.0
+
+#include <FastLED.h>
+#include <FLOAT.h>
+
+#define WIDTH  16                       // how many LEDs are in one row?
+#define HEIGHT 16                       // how many rows?
+#define NUM_LEDS ((WIDTH) * (HEIGHT))
+
+float runtime;                          // elapse ms since startup
+float newdist, newangle;                // parameters for image reconstruction
+float z;                                // 3rd dimension for the 3d noise function
+float offset_x, offset_y;               // wanna shift the cartesians during runtime?
+float scale_x, scale_y;                 // cartesian scaling in 2 dimensions
+float dist, angle;                      // the actual polar coordinates
+
+int x, y;                               // the cartesian coordiantes
+int num_x = WIDTH;                      // horizontal pixel count
+int num_y = HEIGHT;                     // vertical pixel count
+
+// Background for setting the following 2 numbers: the FastLED inoise16() function returns
+// raw values ranging from 0-65535. In order to improve contrast we filter this output and
+// stretch the remains. In histogram (photography) terms this means setting a blackpoint and
+// a whitepoint. low_limit MUST be smaller than high_limit.
+
+uint16_t low_limit  = 30000;            // everything lower drawns in black
+                                        // higher numer = more black & more contrast present
+uint16_t high_limit = 50000;            // everything higher gets maximum brightness & bleeds out
+                                        // lower number = the result will be more bright & shiny
+
+float center_x = (num_x / 2) - 0.5;     // the reference point for polar coordinates
+float center_y = (num_y / 2) - 0.5;     // (can also be outside of the actual xy matrix)
+//float center_x = 20;                  // the reference point for polar coordinates
+//float center_y = 20;                
+
+CRGB leds[WIDTH * HEIGHT];               // framebuffer
+
+float theta   [WIDTH] [HEIGHT];          // look-up table for all angles
+float distance[WIDTH] [HEIGHT];          // look-up table for all distances
+float vignette[WIDTH] [HEIGHT];
+float inverse_vignette[WIDTH] [HEIGHT];
+
+float spd;                            // can be used for animation speed manipulation during runtime
+
+float show1, show2, show3, show4, show5; // to save the rendered values of all animation layers
+float red, green, blue;                  // for the final RGB results after the colormapping
+
+float c, d, e, f;                                                   // factors for oscillators
+float linear_c, linear_d, linear_e, linear_f;                       // linear offsets
+float angle_c, angle_d, angle_e, angle_f;                           // angle offsets
+float noise_angle_c, noise_angle_d, noise_angle_e, noise_angle_f;   // angles based on linear noise travel
+float dir_c, dir_d, dir_e, dir_f;                                   // direction multiplicators
+
+
+
+void setup() {
+
+  Serial.begin(115200);                 // check serial monitor for current fps count
+
+  // Teensy users: make sure to use the hardware SPI pins 11 & 13
+  // for best performance
+
+  FastLED.addLeds<APA102, 11, 13, BGR, DATA_RATE_MHZ(12)>(leds, NUM_LEDS); 
+
+  // FastLED.addLeds<NEOPIXEL, 13>(leds, NUM_LEDS);   
+
+  render_polar_lookup_table();          // precalculate all polar coordinates 
+                                        // to improve the framerate
+  render_vignette_table(9.5);           // the number is the desired radius in pixel
+                                        // WIDTH/2 generates a circle
+ }
+
+
+void loop() {
+
+  // set speedratios for the offsets & oscillators
+
+  spd = 0.05  ;
+  c   = 0.013  ;
+  d   = 0.017   ;
+  e   = 0.2  ;
+  f   = 0.007  ;
+
+  calculate_oscillators();     // get linear offsets and oscillators going
+
+  // ...and now let's generate a frame 
+
+  for (x = 0; x < num_x; x++) {
+    for (y = 0; y < num_y; y++) {
+
+      // pick polar coordinates from look the up table 
+
+      dist  = distance [x] [y];
+      angle = theta    [y] [x];
+
+      // Generation of one layer. Explore the parameters and what they do.
+
+      scale_x  = 10000;                       // smaller value = zoom in, bigger structures, less detail
+      scale_y  = 10000;                       // higher = zoom out, more pixelated, more detail
+      z        = 0;                           // must be >= 0
+      newangle = angle + angle_c;
+      newdist  = dist;
+      offset_x = 0;                        // must be >=0
+      offset_y = 0;                        // must be >=0
+
+      show1 = render_pixel();
+
+
+      // Colormapping - Assign rendered values to colors 
+
+      red   = show1;
+      green = 0;
+      blue  = 0;
+
+      // Check the final results.
+      // Discard faulty RGB values & write the valid results into the framebuffer.
+
+      write_pixel_to_framebuffer();
+
+    }
+  }
+
+  // BRING IT ON! SHOW WHAT YOU GOT!
+  FastLED.show();
+
+  // check serial monitor for current performance data
+  EVERY_N_MILLIS(500) report_performance();
+
+} 
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------end main loop --------------------
+
+void calculate_oscillators() {
+
+  runtime = millis();                          // save elapsed ms since start up
+
+  runtime = runtime * spd;                     // global anaimation speed
+
+  linear_c = runtime * c;                      // some linear rising offsets 0 to max
+  linear_d = runtime * d;
+  linear_e = runtime * e;
+  linear_f = runtime * f;
+
+  angle_c = fmodf(linear_c, 2 * PI);           // some cyclic angle offsets  0 to 2*PI
+  angle_d = fmodf(linear_d, 2 * PI);
+  angle_e = fmodf(linear_e, 2 * PI);
+  angle_f = fmodf(linear_f, 2 * PI);
+
+  dir_c = sinf(angle_c);                       // some direction oscillators -1 to 1
+  dir_d = sinf(angle_d);
+  dir_e = sinf(angle_e);
+  dir_f = sinf(angle_f);
+
+  uint16_t noi;
+  noi =  inoise16(10000 + linear_c * 100000);    // some noise controlled angular offsets
+  noise_angle_c = map_float(noi, 0, 65535 , 0, 4*PI);
+  noi =  inoise16(20000 + linear_d * 100000);
+  noise_angle_d = map_float(noi, 0, 65535 , 0, 4*PI);
+  noi =  inoise16(30000 + linear_e * 100000);
+  noise_angle_e = map_float(noi, 0, 65535 , 0, 4*PI);
+  noi =  inoise16(40000 + linear_f * 100000);
+  noise_angle_f = map_float(noi, 0, 65535 , 0, 4*PI);
+}
+
+
+// given a static polar origin we can precalculate 
+// all the (expensive) polar coordinates
+
+void render_polar_lookup_table() {
+
+  for (int xx = 0; xx < num_x; xx++) {
+    for (int yy = 0; yy < num_y; yy++) {
+
+        float dx = xx - center_x;
+        float dy = yy - center_y;
+
+      distance[xx] [yy] = hypotf(dx, dy);
+      theta[xx] [yy]    = atan2f(dy, dx);
+
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+// calculate distance and angle of the point relative to
+// the polar origin defined by center_x & center_y
+
+void get_polar_values() {
+
+  // calculate current cartesian distances (deltas) from polar origin point
+
+  float dx = x - center_x;
+  float dy = y - center_y;
+
+  // calculate distance between current point & polar origin
+  // (length of the origin vector, pythgorean theroem)
+  // dist = sqrt((dx*dx)+(dy*dy));
+
+  dist = hypotf(dx, dy);
+
+  // calculate the angle
+  // (where around the polar origin is the current point?)
+
+  angle = atan2f(dy, dx);
+
+  // done, that's all we need
+}
+
+
+// convert polar coordinates back to cartesian
+// & render noise value there
+
+float render_pixel() {
+
+  // convert polar coordinates back to cartesian ones
+
+  float newx = (offset_x + center_x - (cosf(newangle) * newdist)) * scale_x;
+  float newy = (offset_y + center_y - (sinf(newangle) * newdist)) * scale_y;
+
+  // render noisevalue at this new cartesian point
+
+  uint16_t raw_noise_field_value = inoise16(newx, newy, z);
+
+  // a lot is happening here, namely
+  // A) enhance histogram (improve contrast) by setting the black and white point
+  // B) scale the result to a 0-255 range
+  // it's the contrast boosting & the "colormapping" (technically brightness mapping)
+
+  if (raw_noise_field_value < low_limit)  raw_noise_field_value =  low_limit;
+  if (raw_noise_field_value > high_limit) raw_noise_field_value = high_limit;
+
+  float scaled_noise_value = map_float(raw_noise_field_value, low_limit, high_limit, 0, 255);
+
+  return scaled_noise_value;
+
+  // done, we've just rendered one color value for one single pixel
+}
+
+
+// float mapping maintaining 32 bit precision
+// we keep values with high resolution for potential later usage
+
+float map_float(float x, float in_min, float in_max, float out_min, float out_max) { 
+
+  float result = (x-in_min) * (out_max-out_min) / (in_max-in_min) + out_min;
+  if (result < out_min) result = out_min;
+  if( result > out_max) result = out_max;
+
+  return result; 
+}
+
+
+// Avoid any possible color flicker by forcing the raw RGB values to be 0-255.
+// This enables to play freely with random equations for the colormapping
+// without causing flicker by accidentally missing the valid target range.
+
+void rgb_sanity_check() {
+
+      // rescue data if possible: when negative return absolute value
+      if (red < 0)     red = abs(red);
+      if (green < 0) green = abs(green);
+      if (blue < 0)   blue = abs(blue);
+
+      // discard everything above the valid 0-255 range
+      if (red   > 255)   red = 255;
+      if (green > 255) green = 255;
+      if (blue  > 255)  blue = 255;
+
+}
+
+
+// check result after colormapping and store the newly rendered rgb data
+
+void write_pixel_to_framebuffer() {
+
+      // the final color values shall not exceed 255 (to avoid flickering pixels caused by >255 = black...)
+      // negative values * -1 
+
+      rgb_sanity_check();
+
+      CRGB finalcolor = CRGB(red, green, blue);
+
+      // write the rendered pixel into the framebutter
+      leds[XY(x, y)] = finalcolor;
+}
+
+
+// find the right led index
+
+uint16_t XY(uint8_t x, uint8_t y) {
+  if (y & 1)                             // check last bit
+    return (y + 1) * WIDTH - 1 - x;      // reverse every second line for a serpentine lled layout
+  else
+    return y * WIDTH + x;                // use this equation only for a line by line led layout
+}                                        // remove the previous 3 lines of code in this case
+
+
+// make it look nicer - expand low brightness values and compress high brightness values,
+// basically we perform gamma curve bending for all 3 color chanels,
+// making more detail visible which otherwise tends to get lost in brightness
+
+void adjust_gamma() {
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++)
+  {
+    leds[i].r = dim8_video(leds[i].r);
+    leds[i].g = dim8_video(leds[i].g);
+    leds[i].b = dim8_video(leds[i].b);
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+// precalculate a radial brightness mask
+
+void render_vignette_table(float filter_radius) {
+
+  for (int xx = 0; xx < num_x; xx++) {
+    for (int yy = 0; yy < num_y; yy++) {
+
+      vignette[xx] [yy] = (filter_radius - distance[xx] [yy]) / filter_radius; 
+      if (vignette[xx] [yy] < 0) vignette[xx] [yy] = 0;  
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+// show current framerate and rendered pixels per second
+
+void report_performance() {
+
+  int fps = FastLED.getFPS();                 // frames per second
+  int kpps = (fps * HEIGHT * WIDTH) / 1000;   // kilopixel per second
+
+  Serial.print(kpps); Serial.print(" kpps ... ");
+  Serial.print(fps); Serial.print(" fps @ ");
+  Serial.print(WIDTH*HEIGHT); Serial.println(" LEDs ... ");
+}