Andrej Karpathy July 2012

svmjs is a lightweight implementation of the SMO algorithm to train a binary Support Vector Machine. As this uses the dual formulation, it also supports arbitrary kernels. Correctness test, together with MATLAB reference code are in /test.

Can be found here: http://cs.stanford.edu/~karpathy/svmjs/demo/

Corresponding code is inside /demo directory.

The simplest use case:

// include the library
<script src="./svmjs/lib/svm.js"></script>
<script>
data = [[0,0], [0,1], [1,0], [1,1]];
labels = [-1, 1, 1, -1];
svm = new svmjs.SVM();
svm.train(data, labels, {C: 1.0}); // C is a parameter to SVM
testlabels = svm.predict(testdata);
</script>

Here, data and testdata are a 2D, NxD array of floats, labels and testlabels is an array of size N that contains 1 or -1. You can also query for the raw margins:

margins = svm.margins(testdata);
margin = svm.marginOne(testadata[0]);

The library supports arbitrary kernels, but currently comes with linear and rbf kernel:

svm.train(data, labels, { kernel: function(v1,v2){ /* return K(v1, v2) */} }); // arbitrary function
svm.train(data, labels, { kernel: 'linear' });
svm.train(data, labels, { kernel: 'rbf', rbfsigma: 0.5 }); // sigma in the gaussian kernel = 0.5

For training you can pass in several options. Here are the defaults:

var options = {};
/* For C, Higher = you trust your data more. Lower = more regularization.
Should be in range of around 1e-2 ... 1e5 at most. */
options.C = 1.0;
options.tol = 1e-4; // do not touch this unless you're pro
options.alphatol = 1e-7; // used for pruning non-support vectors. do not touch unless you're pro
options.maxiter = 10000; // if you have a larger problem, you may need to increase this
options.kernel = svmjs.linearKernel; // discussed above
options.numpasses = 10; // increase this for higher precision of the result. (but slower)
svm.train(data, labels, options);

Rules of thumb: You almost always want to try the linear SVM first and see how that works. You want to play around with different values of C from about 1e-2 to 1e5, as every dataset is different. C=1 is usually a fairly reasonable value. Roughly, C is the cost to the SVM when it mis-classifies one of your training examples. If you increase it, the SVM will try very hard to fit all your data, which may be good if you strongly trust your data. In practice, you usually don't want it too high though. If linear kernel doesn't work very well, try the rbf kernel. You will have to try different values of both C and just as crucially the sigma for the gaussian kernel.

The linear SVM should be much faster than SVM with any other kernel. If you want it even faster but less accurate, you want to play around with options.tol (try increase a bit). You can also try to decrease options.maxiter and especially options.numpasses (decrease a bit). If you use non-linear svm, you can also speed up the svm at test by playing around with options.alphatol (try increase a bit).

If you use linear or rbf kernel (instead of some custom one) you can load and save the svm:

var svm = new svmjs.SVM();
var json = svm.toJSON();
var svm2 = new svmjs.SVM();
svm2.fromJSON(json);

To use this library in node.js, install with npm:

npm install svm

And use like so:

var svm = require("svm");
var SVM = new svm.SVM();
SVM.train(data, labels);

The SMO algorithm is very space efficient, so you need not worry about running out of space no matter how large your problem is. However, you do need to worry about runtime efficiency. In practice, there are many heuristics one can use to select the pair of alphas (i,j) to optimize and this uses a rather naive approach. If you have a large and complex problem, you will need to increase maxiter a lot. (or don't use Javascript!)

MIT