最近在看《Python编程 从入门到实践》同步更新课后练习进度，在最后把制作的思维导图放出～
6-1:
PEP 8 字典缩进方式
方法一：
friends = {'first_name': 'ming',
'last_name': 'xiao',
'age': '18',
'city': 'nanjing'}
方法二：
friends = {
'first_name': 'ming',
'last_name': 'xiao',
'age': '18',
'city': 'nanjing'
}
或者：
friends = {
'first_name': 'ming',
'last_name': 'xiao',
'age': '18',
'city': 'nanjing'
}
9-1:
创建无参数类的时候可以把类的括号去掉class User:
定义类之后空余两行再执行相关操作
9-7:
继承父类__init__函数时，使用
super().__init__()而不是super.__init__()
9-8:
调用类的时候，即使没有参数传入也不可以将括号删去
self.privileges = Privileges()
处理多个异常，可将异常放在元组中
try：
--snip--
except (FileNotFoundError, json.decoder.JSONDecodeError):
--snip--
11-1:
勘误：
import unittest
from HelloWorld.Chapter_11.Example.city_functions import city_country
class TestCityFunctionsCase(unittest.TestCase):
"""测试city_functions功能"""
def test_city_country(self):
result = city_country('Santiago', 'Chile')
self.assertEqual(result, "Santiago, Chile")
- unittest.main()
+ if __name__ == '__main__':
+ unittest.main()直接使用unittest.main()会报错
PS: conda和pip真是大坑啊, 安装了anaconda3之后，貌似pip命令就默认下载到conda的目录下，而pip3则是默认下载到osx的默认python3目录下……
$ pip install pygame
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Requirement already satisfied: pygame in /Users/alessa0/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages (1.9.4)
$ pip3 install pygame
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Requirement already satisfied: pygame in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (1.9.4)
- ship_speed_factor 设置小数，但是centerx等属性只能接受整数，所以步进应该是1, 2, 1, 2……设置了连续移动所以看不太出来
13-4:
设置雨滴超出屏幕后新建雨滴对象
修改create_fleet函数，当single=True时创建单行对象，single=False时创建多行对象
game_functions.py:
+ from random import randint
- def create_fleet(rain_settings, screen, rains):
+ def create_fleet(rain_settings, screen, rains, single=False):
rain = Rain(rain_settings, screen)
number_rains_x = get_number_rain_x(rain_settings, rain.rect.width)
+ if single:
+ number_rows = 1
+ else:
number_rows = get_number_rows(rain_settings, rain.rect.height)
for number_row in range(number_rows):
for number_rain in range(number_rains_x):
+ # 控制雨滴随机生成
+ random_number = randint(-10, 10)
+ if random_number > 0:
create_rain(rain_settings, screen, rains, number_rain,
number_row)问题： 原本在update_rains(rain_settings, rains)中remove对象后直接使用create_fleet (rain_settings, screen, rains, single=True)
，但是存在一个问题，因为遍历rains是一个过程，remove操作不是同步的，而创建单行对象又不只是创建一个对象，会造成重复。
解决： 在settings中添加一个属性self.rain_create_allowed用于控制新建单行对象操作，具体如下
- def update_rains(rain_settings, rains):
+ def update_rains(rain_settings, screen, rains):
"""更新雨群中所有雨滴的位置"""
rains.update()
# 删除消失的雨滴
for rain in rains.copy():
+ if rain.rect.top >= rain_settings.screen_height:
rains.remove(rain)
+ rain_settings.rain_create_allowed = True
+ else:
+ # 防止重复新建雨滴对象
+ if rain_settings.rain_create_allowed:
+ create_fleet(rain_settings, screen, rains, single=True)
+ rain_settings.rain_create_allowed = False+ # 允许新建雨滴对象（用于超出屏幕范围后删除对象及新建对象）
+ self.rain_create_allowed = False while True:
gf.check_events()
- gf.update_rains(rain_settings, rains)
+ gf.update_rains(rain_settings, screen, rains)
gf.update_screen(rain_settings, screen, rains)import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 设置刻度标记的大小
plt.tick_params(axis='both',which='major',labelsize=14)which一共3个参数[‘major’ ， ‘minor’ ，‘both’] 默认是major表示主刻度，后面分布为次刻度及主次刻度都显示.