Fixes and Cleanup of CI

[sjmonson]

Summary

Deduplicates much of the CI code by defining shared workflows and composite actions. Included in this is fixing some breakage introduced with #440

Details

This PR mostly keeps the same functionally as before with the main exception being pytest markers (when set) are now uniformly applied to all tests jobs.

After this is approved the required CI list needs to be updates to enable merging.

Some follow-up work (post this PR):

• Deduplicate build and publish actions
• Enable caching for shared workflow actions (such as pip installs, container builds)
• Reduce coverage for certain stages
  • E.g. Run subset of tests on PRs

Test Plan

• See CI runs on this PR for results

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• "I certify that all code in this PR is my own, except as noted below."

Use of AI

• Includes AI-assisted code completion
• Includes code generated by an AI application
• Includes AI-generated tests (NOTE: AI written tests should have a docstring that includes ## WRITTEN BY AI ##)

[markurtz]

LGTM