utilities.rst

.. cpp:namespace:: nanobind

Utilities

Evaluating Python expressions from strings

nanobind provides the :cpp:func:`eval` and :cpp:func:`exec` functions to evaluate Python expressions and statements. The following example illustrates how they can be used.

// At beginning of file
#include <nanobind/eval.h>

...

// Evaluate in scope of main module
nb::object scope = nb::module_::import_("__main__").attr("__dict__");

// Evaluate an isolated expression
int result = nb::eval("my_variable + 10", scope).cast<int>();

// Evaluate a sequence of statements
nb::exec(
    "print('Hello')\n"
    "print('world!');",
    scope);

C++11 raw string literals are also supported and quite handy for this purpose. The only requirement is that the first statement must be on a new line following the raw string delimiter R"(, ensuring all lines have common leading indent:

nb::exec(R"(
    x = get_answer()
    if x == 42:
        print('Hello World!')
    else:
        print('Bye!')
    )", scope
);

Note

:cpp:func:`eval` accepts a template parameter that describes how the string/file should be interpreted. Possible choices include eval_expr (isolated expression), eval_single_statement (a single statement, return value is always none), and eval_statements (sequence of statements, return value is always none). eval defaults to eval_expr and exec is just a shortcut for eval<eval_statements>.