Raghib Pasha

Raghib Pasha
راغب باشا‎
Raghib Pasha; راغب باشا‎
Perdana Menteri Mesir ke-6
Pemerintahan	18 Jun 1882 – 21 Ogos 1882
Didahului oleh	Urabi Pasha
Diikuti oleh	Muhammad Sharif Pasha
Keputeraan	1819; Khios, Yunani
Kemangkatan	1884; Khadiwiah Mesir

Ismail bin Ahmad bin Hassan Bani Yani (Arab: إسماعيل بن أحمد بن حسن بني ينيcode: ar is deprecated ) atau lebih dikenali sebagai Ragheb Ismail Pasha (Arab: إسماعيل راغب باشاcode: ar is deprecated , 1819-1884) adalah seorang ahli politik Uthmaniyah Yunani yang berkhidmat sebagai Perdana Menteri kawasan jajahan Mesir^[1] dan memegang beberapa posisi peringkat tinggi lain kerajaan tersebut.

Biografi

Awal hidup

Isma'il lahir dalam kalangan masyarakat Yunani.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] Beliau lahir di kawasan Yunani^[6] pada tanggal 18 Ogos 1819, ada maklumat yang berpincang sama ada beliau asal kepulauan Chios yang terselamat dari suatu kepungan dan pembunuhan beramai-ramai terhadap masyarakat Yunani di sana^[7] atau di Kandiye^[8] ibu kota Kriti.

Setelah dia diculik ke Anatolia, dia dibawa ke Mesir sebagai seorang hamba oleh Ibrahim Pasha pada 1830^[9] dan kemudian masuk Islam. Segera setelah kedatangannya, beliau belajar di al-Maktab al-Amiri dan memperoleh gelar maju di 1834. Dia fasih berbahasa Yunani dan diangkat ke peringkat Leftenan oleh wakil raja Mesir, Muhammad Ali Pasha.

Kerjaya dalam pemerintahan

Pada 1836, beliau menjadi kepala Akuntansi dan Pendapatan Agencies. Beliau dipromosikan ke peringkat bikbashi (Leftenan Kolonel) pada tahun 1840, maka kaymakam (Kolonel) pada tahun 1844, dan akhirnya amiralay (Briged Jeneral) pada tahun 1846.

Dia memegang jawatan Menteri Kewangan (1858-1860), kemudian Menteri Perang (1860-1861). Beliau menjadi Inspektor untuk Wilayah Maritim tahun 1862, dan kemudian Pembantu (Bahasa Arab: باشمعاون) untuk raja muda Ismail Pasha (1863-1865). Beliau dianugerahkan gelaran beylerbey dan kemudian diangkat Presiden Majlis Peguam pada tahun 1868. Beliau dilantik Presiden dari Bilik Timbalan (1866-1867), maka Menteri Dalam Negeri pada tahun 1867, maka Menteri Pertanian dan Perdagangan pada 1875.

Beliau kembali memegang portfolio Kewangan dalam pemerintahan pertama Muhammad Sharif Pasha (1879). Setelah jatuhnya pemerintahan Mahmoud Sami el-Baroudi, Ismail Ragheb menjadi Perdana Menteri Mesir pada tahun 1882. Walaupun pemerintahannya berumur pendek (itu berlangsung dari 17 Jun-21 Ogos sahaja), itu adalah satu-satunya untuk menyajikan program yang konkrit. Prestasinya termasuk pemodenan anggaran melalui persediaan pendapatan dan beban, Undang-undang tentang Gaji, yang Sa'ideyya La'eha serta beberapa undang-undang pertanian.

Senja hidup

Ismail Ragheb meninggal pada tahun 1884.

Rujukan

^ Mohamed, Duse (1911). In the land of the pharaohs: a short history of Egypt from the fall of Ismail to the assassination of Boutros Pasha. D. Appleton and company. m/s. xii. OCLC 301095947. PRIME MINISTERS * Ragheb Pasha was Prime Minister from July 12, 1882
^ Vizetelly, Edward (1901). From Cyprus to Zanzibar, by the Egyptian delta: the adventures of a journalist in the isle of love, the home of miracles, and the land of cloves. C.A. Pearson. m/s. 118. OCLC 81708788. This Ragheb Pasha, a decrepit old man with a reputation of venality, was of Greek extraction, and had originally been a Greek slave.
^ The Nineteenth century, Volume 13. Henry S. King & Co. 1883. m/s. 121. OCLC 30055032. Ragheb Bey, as I knew him first, was a Candiote, a Mussulman of Greek origin, and gifted with the financial cunning of his race. He began political life in Egypt under Said Pasha, as an employe in the financial department where he was speedily promoted to a high…
^ ‘Izz al-‘Arab, ‘Abd al-‘Azīz (2002). European control and Egypt's traditional elites: a case study in elite economic nationalism Volume 15 of Mellen studies in economics. Edwin Mellen Press. m/s. 59. ISBN 0-7734-6936-2. Isma'il Pasha Raghib and al-Shaykh al-Bakri. Raghib was an established figure in the state administrative machinery, who came from Greek origins, and who had held various portfolios in finance and served as President of the first Majlis Shura al-Nuwwab in 1866.
^ Blunt, Wilfrid Scawen (1980). Secret history of the English occupation of Egypt: being a personal narrative of events Volume 2 of Centenary of the Arabi revolution 1881-1981. Arab Centre for Research and Publishing. OCLC 7840850. Ragheb Pasha is (as mentioned by Ninet) of Greek descent, though a Moslem
^ Schölch, Alexander (1981). Egypt for the Egyptians!: the socio-political crisis in Egypt, 1878-1882. Ithaca Press. m/s. 326. ISBN 0-903729-82-2. Isma'il Raghib was born in Greece in 1819; the sources differ over his homeland. After first being kidnapped to Anatolia, he was brought as a slave to Egypt in 1246 (1830/1), by Ibrahim Pasha, and there he was ‘converted’ from Christianity
^ James Carlile McCoan (1898). Egypt. P. F. Collier. m/s. 102. OCLC 5663869. Raghib Pasha, the new Minister — by birth a Sciote Greek, sold into Egypt after the massacre of 1822 — is said to be an able administrator, and enjoys a high personal character
^ The Nineteenth century, Volume 13. Henry S. King & Co. 1883. m/s. 121. OCLC 30055032. Ragheb Bey, as I knew him first, was a Candiote, a Mussulman of Greek origin
^ Schölch, Alexander (1981). Egypt for the Egyptians!: the socio-political crisis in Egypt, 1878-1882. Ithaca Press. m/s. 326. ISBN 0-903729-82-2. Isma'il Raghib …After first being kidnapped to Anatolia, he was brought as a slave to Egypt in 1246 (1830/1), by Ibrahim Pasha, and there he was ‘converted’ from Christianity

[1] Mohamed, Duse (1911). In the land of the pharaohs: a short history of Egypt from the fall of Ismail to the assassination of Boutros Pasha. D. Appleton and company. m/s. xii. OCLC 301095947. PRIME MINISTERS * Ragheb Pasha was Prime Minister from July 12, 1882

[2] Vizetelly, Edward (1901). From Cyprus to Zanzibar, by the Egyptian delta: the adventures of a journalist in the isle of love, the home of miracles, and the land of cloves. C.A. Pearson. m/s. 118. OCLC 81708788. This Ragheb Pasha, a decrepit old man with a reputation of venality, was of Greek extraction, and had originally been a Greek slave.

[3] The Nineteenth century, Volume 13. Henry S. King & Co. 1883. m/s. 121. OCLC 30055032. Ragheb Bey, as I knew him first, was a Candiote, a Mussulman of Greek origin, and gifted with the financial cunning of his race. He began political life in Egypt under Said Pasha, as an employe in the financial department where he was speedily promoted to a high…

[4] ‘Izz al-‘Arab, ‘Abd al-‘Azīz (2002). European control and Egypt's traditional elites: a case study in elite economic nationalism Volume 15 of Mellen studies in economics. Edwin Mellen Press. m/s. 59. ISBN 0-7734-6936-2. Isma'il Pasha Raghib and al-Shaykh al-Bakri. Raghib was an established figure in the state administrative machinery, who came from Greek origins, and who had held various portfolios in finance and served as President of the first Majlis Shura al-Nuwwab in 1866.

[5] Blunt, Wilfrid Scawen (1980). Secret history of the English occupation of Egypt: being a personal narrative of events Volume 2 of Centenary of the Arabi revolution 1881-1981. Arab Centre for Research and Publishing. OCLC 7840850. Ragheb Pasha is (as mentioned by Ninet) of Greek descent, though a Moslem

[6] Schölch, Alexander (1981). Egypt for the Egyptians!: the socio-political crisis in Egypt, 1878-1882. Ithaca Press. m/s. 326. ISBN 0-903729-82-2. Isma'il Raghib was born in Greece in 1819; the sources differ over his homeland. After first being kidnapped to Anatolia, he was brought as a slave to Egypt in 1246 (1830/1), by Ibrahim Pasha, and there he was ‘converted’ from Christianity

[7] James Carlile McCoan (1898). Egypt. P. F. Collier. m/s. 102. OCLC 5663869. Raghib Pasha, the new Minister — by birth a Sciote Greek, sold into Egypt after the massacre of 1822 — is said to be an able administrator, and enjoys a high personal character

[8] The Nineteenth century, Volume 13. Henry S. King & Co. 1883. m/s. 121. OCLC 30055032. Ragheb Bey, as I knew him first, was a Candiote, a Mussulman of Greek origin

[9] Schölch, Alexander (1981). Egypt for the Egyptians!: the socio-political crisis in Egypt, 1878-1882. Ithaca Press. m/s. 326. ISBN 0-903729-82-2. Isma'il Raghib …After first being kidnapped to Anatolia, he was brought as a slave to Egypt in 1246 (1830/1), by Ibrahim Pasha, and there he was ‘converted’ from Christianity

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l b s Perdana Menteri Mesir
Zaman Khadiwiyah (1878–1914)	Khedivate Nobar Ismail¹ Tewfik Sherif Tewfik¹ Riaz Sherif Baroudy Raghib² Sherif Nobar Riaz Fahmy Fakhry Riaz Nobar Fahmy Ghaly Said Roshdy
Zaman Kesultanan (1914–1922)	Khedivate Roshdy Said Wahba Naseem Yakan
Zaman Mamlakah (1922–1953)	Kingdom of Egypt Sarwat Naseem Y. Ibrahim Zaghlul Zeiwar Yakan Sarwat Nahas Mahmoud Yakan Nahas Sedky A. Yahya Naseem Aly Maher Nahas Mahmoud Aly Maher H. Sabry Serry Nahas Ahmed Maher Nokrashy Sedky Nokrashy Hady Serry Nahas Aly Maher Hilaly Serry Hilaly Aly Maher] Naguib³
Zaman Republik (1953–kini)	Egypt Naguib³ Nasser³ Naguib³ Nasser^3,⁴ A. Sabry⁴ Z. Mohieddin⁴ Soliman⁴ Nasser⁴ Fawzi⁴ A. Sedky Sadat Hegazy Salem Khalil Sadat Mubarak A. F. Mohieddin Aly Lotfy A. M. N. Sedky Ganzouri Ebeid Nazif Shafik Sharaf Ganzouri Qandil Beblawi¹ Mahlab Ismail Madbouly
Catatan ↑1 interim ↑2 Orabi ↑3 mengetuai pemerintah berontakan July–September 1882, semasa zaman Raghib ↑4 Zaman RAB