Wahadzabe : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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Toleo la sasa la 13:26, 21 Aprili 2024

Wahadzabe au Wahadza^[1]^[2] ni kabila la Tanzania linaloishi hasa kandokando ya Ziwa Eyasi kwenye Bonde la Ufa na katika uwanda jirani wa Serengeti.

Leo Wahadza hawafikii 1,000:^[3]^[4] kati yao 300–400 wanaishi bado kwa kuwinda na kuchuma vyakula bila uzalishaji, kama waliofanya mababu wao tangu awali.^[5]

Wahadza hawana undugu wa karibu na kabila lingine lolote, na vilevile lugha yao ni ya pekee kabisa.^[6]^[7]^[8]

Tanbihi

↑ In the Hadza language, Hadzabe'e is the feminine plural form of Hadza. The Hadza call themselves the Hadzabe'e and their language Hadzane. Other spellings are Hadzapi ('they are Hadza men') and Hatsa; other ethnonyms applied to them include Tindiga (Watindiga), Kindiga, Kangeju, and Wahi. In current English usage, Hadza is the most commonly used term.
↑ Marlowe 2010, p. 15
↑ Marlowe 2010, p. 13
↑ Marlowe 2005 (see online)
↑ Marlowe 2010, pp. 17–18; 285–286
↑ Lee 1999, p. 200
↑ Sands, Bonny E. (1998) 'The Linguistic Relationship between Hadza and Khoisan' In Schladt, Matthias (ed.) Language, Identity, and Conceptualization among the Khoisan (Quellen zur Khoisan-Forschung Vol. 15), Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, 265–283.
↑ Ndagala & Zengu 1994

Marejeo

Apicella, C .L., & Feinberg, D. Voice pitch alters mate-choice relevant perception in hunter-gatherers. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B, 276, 1077-1082.
Apicella, C. L., Little, A.C. & Marlowe, F.W. Averageness and attractiveness in an isolated population of hunter-gatherers. Perception, 36, 1813-1820.
Blench, Roger (7–9 July 2008). "Hadza Animal Names" (PDF). 3rd International Khoisan Workshop. Riezlern.
Crittenden, A.N. (2011). "The Importance of Honey Consumption in Human Evolution" (pdf). Food and Foodways. 19: 257–273. doi:10.1080/07409710.2011.630618.
Crittenden, A.N. (2008). "Allomaternal Care among the Hadza of Tanzania" (pdf). Human Nature. 19. Marlowe, F.W.: 249–263. doi:10.1007/s12110-008-9043-3.
Diamond, J. (1997). "Chapter 6". Guns, germs and steel: the fates of human societies. New York, NY: Norton. ISBN 0-393-03891-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Heller, Hartmut & Keulig, Steffen. (1999) (streamed video). Hadzabe – Die letzten Wildbeuter Ostafrikas. [Documentary]. Freunde der Naturvölker e.V. (fPcN Germany). http://vimeo.com/58452890. A film (43 min) in German about this people and their struggle for survival.
Kohl-Larsen, Ludwig (1956a). Das Elefantenspiel. Mythen, Riesen und Stammessagen. Volkserzählungen der Tindiga. Das Gesicht der Völker (kwa German). Eisenach • Kassel: Erich Röth-Verlag.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) The book is a collection of Hadza myths about giants, also some tribal myths about cultural heroes, and anecdotal tales.
Lee, Richard B. (1999). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers. Daly, Richard Heywood. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-57109-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Marlowe, F.W. (2005). "Mate preferences among Hadza hunter-gatherers" (pdf). Human Nature. 15: 364–375.
Marlowe, F. W. (2010). The Hadza: Hunter-Gatherers of Tanzania. Berkeley: Univ. California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25342-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Ndagala, D. K.; Zengu, N. (1994). "From the raw to the cooked: Hadzabe perceptions of their past". Katika Robert Layton (mhr.). Who needs the past?: indigenous values and archaeology. London: Routledge. ku. 51–56. ISBN 0-415-09558-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
McCrummen, Stephanie. "50,000 Years of Resilience May Not Save Tribe", Washington Post, 2007-06-10, p. A01. Retrieved on 2007-09-15.
Survival International. "Hadzabe celebrate land victory", 6 November 2007. Retrieved on 3 May 2011.
doi:10.1093/molbev/msm155
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Marejeo mengine

Crittenden, Alyssa and Frank Marlowe (2008) Allomaternal Care among the Hadza of Tanzania. Human Nature: An Interdisciplinary Biosocial Perspective 19(3): 249-262.
Finkel, M. (Desemba 2009). "The Hadza". National Geographic Magazine. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2009-11-21. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-09-14. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
Kohl-Larsen, Ludwig (1956). Das Zauberhorn. Märchen und Tiergeschichten der Tindiga (kwa German). Kassel: Erich Röth. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
Woodburn, James (1969). "An Introduction to Hadza Ecology". Katika Lee, Richard B.; DeVore, Irven; Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research (whr.). Man the Hunter (tol. la 11th). Aldine Transaction. ku. 49–55. ISBN 0-202-33032-X. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
Madsen, Andrew (2000). The Hadzabe of Tanzania: land and human rights for a hunter-gatherer community. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA). ISBN 87-90730-26-7.
Matthiessen, Peter (1972) The Tree Where Man Was Born, Chapter X.
Wood, Brian and Frank Marlowe (2011) Dynamics of postmarital among the Hadza: a kin investment model. Human Nature: An Interdisciplinary Biosocial Perspective. DOI 10.1007/s12110-011-9109-5

Viungo vya nje

Hadza bibliography Archived 16 Mei 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Gli ultimi primitivi. Alla scoperta degli Hadzabe Documentary film (in Italian).
Hadzabe. Retour vers l'âge de pierre. Les derniers chasseurs à l'arc de Tanzanie Documentary film (in French).
The Hadza Bushmen of Tanzania
Map of Hadzaland

Makala hii kuhusu utamaduni wa Tanzania bado ni mbegu.
Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Wahadzabe kama historia yake au mahusiano yake na mada nyingine?
Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa?
Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.

[1] In the Hadza language, Hadzabe'e is the feminine plural form of Hadza. The Hadza call themselves the Hadzabe'e and their language Hadzane. Other spellings are Hadzapi ('they are Hadza men') and Hatsa; other ethnonyms applied to them include Tindiga (Watindiga), Kindiga, Kangeju, and Wahi. In current English usage, Hadza is the most commonly used term.

[2] Marlowe 2010, p. 15

[Marlowe_pop-3] Marlowe 2010, p. 13

[online-4] Marlowe 2005 (see online)

[5] Marlowe 2010, pp. 17–18; 285–286

[6] Lee 1999, p. 200

[7] Sands, Bonny E. (1998) 'The Linguistic Relationship between Hadza and Khoisan' In Schladt, Matthias (ed.) Language, Identity, and Conceptualization among the Khoisan (Quellen zur Khoisan-Forschung Vol. 15), Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, 265–283.

[Ndagala_&_Zengu_1994-8] Ndagala & Zengu 1994

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[3]

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[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

@@ Mstari 1: / Mstari 1: @@
-[[File:Hadza montage.png|thumb|right300px]]
+[[File:Hadza montage.png|thumb|right|Wahadzabe]]
 [[File:Hadzabe areal.jpg|thumb|right|Maeneo ya uwindaji kwenye [[Serengeti]].]]
 [[File:Hadzabe-1.jpg|thumb|Wahadzabe wakivuta [[bangi]].]]
 [[File:Hadazbe returning from hunt.jpg|thumb|right|Wanaume wakirudi toka mawindoni.]]
-'''Wahadzabe''' au '''Wahadza'''<ref>In the [[Hadza language]], ''Hadzabe'e'' is the [[Grammatical gender|feminine]] [[Grammatical number|plural]] form of ''Hadza''. The Hadza call themselves the ''Hadzabe'e'' and their language ''Hadzane''. Other spellings are ''Hadzapi'' ('they are Hadza men') and ''Hatsa''; other [[ethnonym]]s applied to them include ''Tindiga (Watindiga), Kindiga, Kangeju,'' and ''Wahi''. In current English usage, ''Hadza'' is the most commonly used term.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Marlowe|2010|p=15}}</ref> ni [[kabila]] la [[Tanzania]] linaloishi hasa kandokando ya [[Ziwa Eyasi]] kwenye [[Bonde la Ufa]] na katika uwanda jirani wa [[Serengeti]].
+'''Wahadzabe''' au '''Wahadza'''<ref>In the [[Hadza language]], ''Hadzabe'e'' is the [[Grammatical gender|feminine]] [[Grammatical number|plural]] form of ''Hadza''. The Hadza call themselves the ''Hadzabe'e'' and their language ''Hadzane''. Other spellings are ''Hadzapi'' ('they are Hadza men') and ''Hatsa''; other [[Ethnonym|ethnonyms]] applied to them include ''Tindiga (Watindiga), Kindiga, Kangeju,'' and ''Wahi''. In current English usage, ''Hadza'' is the most commonly used term.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Marlowe|2010|p=15}}</ref> ni [[kabila]] la [[Tanzania]] linaloishi hasa kandokando ya [[Ziwa Eyasi]] kwenye [[Bonde la Ufa]] na katika uwanda jirani wa [[Serengeti]].
 Leo Wahadza hawafikii 1,000:<ref name="Marlowe pop">{{Harvnb|Marlowe|2010|p=13}}</ref><ref name="online">[[#Mar05|Marlowe 2005]] (see [http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hbe-lab/acrobatfiles/mate%20prefs%20of%20hadza.pdf online])</ref> kati yao 300–400 wanaishi bado kwa kuwinda na kuchuma vyakula bila [[uzalishaji]], kama waliofanya mababu wao tangu awali.<ref>{{Harvnb|Marlowe|2010|pp=17–18; 285–286}}</ref>
-Wahadza hawana undugu wa karibu na kabila lingine lolote, na vilevile [[lugha]] yao ni ya pekee kabisa.<ref>{{harvnb|Lee|1999|p=200}}</ref><ref>Sands, Bonny E. (1998) 'The Linguistic Relationship between Hadza and Khoisan' In Schladt, Matthias (ed.) Language, Identity, and Conceptualization among the Khoisan (Quellen zur Khoisan-Forschung Vol. 15), Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, 265&ndash;283.</ref>
+Wahadza hawana undugu wa karibu na kabila lingine lolote, na vilevile [[lugha]] yao ni ya pekee kabisa.<ref>{{harvnb|Lee|1999|p=200}}</ref><ref>Sands, Bonny E. (1998) 'The Linguistic Relationship between Hadza and Khoisan' In Schladt, Matthias (ed.) Language, Identity, and Conceptualization among the Khoisan (Quellen zur Khoisan-Forschung Vol. 15), Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, 265&ndash;283.</ref><ref name="Ndagala & Zengu 1994">{{Harvnb|Ndagala|Zengu|1994}}</ref>
 ==Tanbihi==
@@ Mstari 15: / Mstari 15: @@
 * Apicella, C .L., &  Feinberg, D.  Voice pitch alters mate-choice relevant perception in hunter-gatherers. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B, 276, 1077-1082.
 * Apicella, C. L., Little, A.C. & Marlowe, F.W. Averageness and attractiveness in an isolated population of hunter-gatherers. Perception, 36, 1813-1820.
-* <cite id=Ble08>{{cite conference |last=Blench |first=Roger |title=Hadza Animal Names |conference=3rd International Khoisan Workshop |location=Riezlern |date=7–9 July 2008 |format=PDF |url=http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Khoesan/Handout%20Riezlern%202008.pdf}}<cite>
+* <cite id=Ble08>{{cite conference |last=Blench |first=Roger |title=Hadza Animal Names |conference=3rd International Khoisan Workshop |location=Riezlern |date=7–9 July 2008 |format=PDF}}
 * <cite id=Cri34>{{cite journal |last=Crittenden |first=A.N. |year=2011 |title=The Importance of Honey Consumption in Human Evolution |journal=Food and Foodways |volume=19 |pages=257–273 |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxhbHlzc2Fjcml0dGVuZGVufGd4OjY3Zjk0MzI5ZWMyNDFlNGI |format=pdf |doi=10.1080/07409710.2011.630618}}<cite>
 * <cite id=Cri24> {{cite journal |last=Crittenden |first=A.N. |others=Marlowe, F.W.  |year=2008 |title=Allomaternal Care among the Hadza of Tanzania |journal=Human Nature |volume=19 |pages=249–263 |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxhbHlzc2Fjcml0dGVuZGVufGd4OjUyNmIxMGNmZjViZmZjMWI |format=pdf |doi=10.1007/s12110-008-9043-3}}<cite>
-* {{cite book|last=Diamond|first=J.|authorlink=Jared Diamond|title=Guns, germs and steel: the fates of human societies|year=1997|publisher=Norton|location=New York, NY|isbn=0-393-03891-2|chapter=Chapter 6|ref=harv}}
+* {{cite book|last=Diamond|first=J.|authorlink=Jared Diamond|title=Guns, germs and steel: the fates of human societies|url=https://archive.org/details/gunsgermssteelfa0000diam|year=1997|publisher=Norton|location=New York, NY|isbn=0-393-03891-2|chapter=Chapter 6|ref=harv}}
 * <cite id=HeKeu99>{{cite video |people=Heller, Hartmut & Keulig, Steffen |date=1999 |publisher=Freunde der Naturvölker e.V. (fPcN Germany) |title=Hadzabe – Die letzten Wildbeuter Ostafrikas |medium=Documentary |format=streamed video |url=http://vimeo.com/58452890}}<cite> A film (43 min) in German about this people and their struggle for survival.
 * {{cite book |last=Kohl-Larsen |first=Ludwig |authorlink=Ludwig Kohl-Larsen |title=Das Elefantenspiel. Mythen, Riesen und Stammessagen. Volkserzählungen der Tindiga |publisher=Erich Röth-Verlag |series=Das Gesicht der Völker |location=Eisenach • Kassel |year=1956a |language=German |ref=Koh56a}} The book is a collection of Hadza myths about giants, also some tribal myths about cultural heroes, and anecdotal tales.
 * {{cite book |last=Lee |first=Richard B. |others=Daly, Richard Heywood |year=1999 |title=The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=0-521-57109-X |ref=CITEREFLee1999}}
 * <cite id=Mar05>{{cite journal |last=Marlowe |first=F.W. |year=2005 |title=Mate preferences among Hadza hunter-gatherers |journal=Human Nature |volume=15 |pages=364–375 |url=http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hbe-lab/acrobatfiles/mate%20prefs%20of%20hadza.pdf |format=pdf}}<cite>
-* {{cite book|last=Marlowe|first=F. W.|title=The Hadza: Hunter-Gatherers of Tanzania|year=2010|publisher=Univ. California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=978-0-520-25342-1|ref=harv}}
+* {{cite book|last=Marlowe|first=F. W.|title=The Hadza: Hunter-Gatherers of Tanzania|url=https://archive.org/details/hadzahuntergathe0000marl|year=2010|publisher=Univ. California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=978-0-520-25342-1|ref=harv}}
 * {{cite book|last=Ndagala|first=D. K.|last2=Zengu|first2=N.|title=Who needs the past?: indigenous values and archaeology|year=1994|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=0-415-09558-1|url=http://books.google.com/?id=7TPIDL9RdsoC&pg=PA51&dq=From+the+raw+to+the+cooked:+Hadzabe+perceptions+of+their+past#v=onepage&q=From%20the%20raw%20to%20the%20cooked%3A%20Hadzabe%20perceptions%20of%20their%20past&f=false|editor=Robert Layton|chapter=From the raw to the cooked: Hadzabe perceptions of their past|pages=51–56|ref=harv}}
 * <cite id=McC07>{{cite news | url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/09/AR2007060901465.html?nav=hcmodule | publisher = [[Washington Post]] | accessdate = 2007-09-15 | date = 2007-06-10 | title = 50,000 Years of Resilience May Not Save Tribe | page = A01 | first = Stephanie | last = McCrummen }}</cite>
@@ Mstari 31: / Mstari 31: @@
 ==Marejeo mengine==
 * Crittenden, Alyssa and Frank Marlowe (2008) Allomaternal Care among the Hadza of Tanzania. Human Nature: An Interdisciplinary Biosocial Perspective 19(3): 249-262.
-* {{cite journal|last=Finkel|first=M.|title=The Hadza|journal=National Geographic Magazine|date=December 2009|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/12/hadza/finkel-text}}
+* {{cite journal|last=Finkel|first=M.|title=The Hadza|journal=National Geographic Magazine|date=December 2009|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/12/hadza/finkel-text|access-date=2014-09-14|archive-date=2009-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091121120908/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/12/hadza/finkel-text|dead-url=yes}}
 * {{cite book |last=Kohl-Larsen |authorlink=Ludwig Kohl-Larsen |first=Ludwig |title=Das Zauberhorn. Märchen und Tiergeschichten der Tindiga| trans_title=The magic horn. Tales and animal stories of the Tindiga |publisher=Erich Röth |location=Kassel |year=1956 |language=German}}
 * {{cite book |editor1-last=Lee |editor1-first=Richard B. |editor1-link=Richard Borshay Lee |editor2-last=DeVore |editor2-first=Irven |editor2-link=Irven DeVore |editor3=Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research |title=Man the Hunter |last=Woodburn |first=James |chapter=An Introduction to Hadza Ecology |pages=49–55 |chapterurl=http://books.google.hu/books?id=8onGWvNpw18C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPA49,M1 |publisher=Aldine Transaction |year=1969 |isbn=0-202-33032-X |edition=11th}}
@@ Mstari 40: / Mstari 40: @@
 ==Viungo vya nje==
 {{commons category}}
-* [http://goto.glocalnet.net/maho/eballsamples/sample_w500.html Hadza bibliography]
+* [http://goto.glocalnet.net/maho/eballsamples/sample_w500.html Hadza bibliography] {{Wayback|url=http://goto.glocalnet.net/maho/eballsamples/sample_w500.html |date=20080516010506 }}
 * ''[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBB2tGroxJM&feature=gv Gli ultimi primitivi. Alla scoperta degli Hadzabe]'' Documentary film (in Italian).
 * ''[http://www.ericturpin.com/fr/Hadzabe/Hadzabe.htm Hadzabe. Retour vers l'âge de pierre. Les derniers chasseurs à l'arc de Tanzanie]'' Documentary film (in French).
@@ Mstari 47: / Mstari 47: @@
 {{mbegu-utamaduni-TZ}}
+{{Makabila ya Tanzania}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Hadzabe}}
 [[Category:Makabila ya Tanzania]]